that the country's long running political instability, nice to return function. i just see that amazon has reported profits. a $7800000000.00 for the 2nd quarter of this year. the world's largest retailer says revenue rose by 27 percent compared to a year earlier to $113000000000.00. but that figure fell short of expectations. the company expect sales growth to slow in coming months as more customers come out of lockdown. ah, hello again. the headlines on al jazeera, the 1st light carrying off gun interpreters and others who fear a taliban retaliation has landed in the us state of virginia. $221.00 guns, including $57.00 children on 15 babies were on board charlotte bell. this is a couple with more one of the 1st flights that we've just talked about according to

the associated press has actually arrived in the united states. now, yesterday, a couple took off, they were the 1st ask and interpreters and others who had worked with the government and military to leave cobble. and we are expecting about 2500 to leave by the end of this week. although the u. s. embassy is very secretive about who is on these flights when they're taking off and when their landing, because they have told us that they're incredibly worried about the security and privacy of these interpret is they worried about the planes because this is going to be going for another month, the 1st person to be tried under hong kong, national security law has been sentenced to a total of 9 years in prison. hung in kit was convicted different saving sess the session on terrorism. he was arrested last year for writing a motorbike into a group of police officers while flying a fly, calling for hong kong liberation. the philippines is we're storing a defense packed with the united states that allows for large scale joint military exercises. the move was announced during

a visit by the us defense secretary lloyd austin, an internal report by the us centers for disease control and prevention says a delta variant is as contagious as chicken pox. a copy of the documents obtained by u. s. media outlets shows the variance is more transmissible than the viruses that caused ebola. the common cold, the seasonal flu, as well as smallpox. israel is the world's 1st country to offer a 3rd shot at the cobra. 1900 vaccine presidents eyes occurred. zog and his wife are the 1st to receive the booster. japan prime minister has confirmed the current of virus data for emergency will be expanded to for more areas outside tokyo. it's been reporting record daily increases of new cases for the past few days. be downs when it comes just one week after the olympic games began. more news coming up at the top of the hour on al jazeera but up next it's the stream. thanks for watching . something was going to change, has anything really changed?

this is systemic violent that needs to be addressed at its core. we are in a way against variance. know what to say. we are all saying we're looking at the world as it is right now, not the world. we like it to be. the devil is always going to be in the details. the bottom line. i'll just aram who's hi, anthony k today on the street and we are thinking about rethinking. how does that brain work and how can we make it work a little bit better? you might already be doing some of the techniques we're going to be talking to you about. this is a picture of it pretty much sums up the last week of me preparing for this show. i am not intending to do all the heavy lifting by myself. i am bringing on the guests and we can meet them and they can tell you who they are and what they do. hello, i need jena dominic to have you on a introduce yourself to stream audience. sure. i'm anywhere from paul. i'm

a writer, a science writer who writes about learning and cognition. and i'm the author of a book called the extended mind to the power of thinking outside the brain and you in spite our entire conversation. thanks for that. hello, gina. great to have you on the stream. tell everybody who you are and what you do. hello, nicely be here. thank you. my name is gina po, i'm a nurse scientist at u. c. l a. and i do research on the function of sleep for learning and memory. great to have you and dominate. welcome to the stream, introduce yourself to our international viewers. my name is dominic backer. i'm a professor of psychology at lehigh university, which is in bethlehem, pennsylvania. and i'm an expert on group dynamics and how people's identities shape, how they think, feel and behave. ok. i'm going to give you a couple of rapid fire questions. it's really help me to prepare for the show. i know you're going to know the answer like this. all right, so many, what is the mind? the mind generally refers to the thoughts. we have the emotions,

we feel the perceptions we have of the world, how we make sense of things. the key distinction to be made with, with regard to the mind, says that some of it is, are things we're conscious of. so we are aware of our thoughts or feelings what we, what we believe about something. but a lot of the mind is also non conscious or very rapidly process conclusions we reach without necessarily having realized how exactly reached it. that's good morning, gina. what's the brain? the brain is the oregon by which the mind thinks and acts and interacts with the world. is the organ through which we sent everything and is that organ through which we do everything it is our brain is our mind. ok, i the best metaphor that you have either created yourself or you've heard, or you've read about how our brain actually works. well,

we tend to think of the brain as like a workforce that we just sort of keeps logging into like gets the job done. but i like to think of the brain as more like an orchestra conductor that at the heart of everything, it's bringing in resources from here and there and creating, you know, beautiful music. all right? you're right, i guess. and you know, as i know this topic, what would you like to ask them about? how do we get more out of our brain? if you knew cheap, you could be part of today's discussion comment section is right there. i'm expecting your brilliant questions, no pressure. the show starts right now. let's talk 1st of all about how you feel that most of us use i brain. you were science, right? if you, you write a lot about the way that we think the way that we use. i thought that we use our brains, how most of us use our right. well, to go back to this question of metaphors, i think many of us think of our brains as like a computer that we just feed information into. and then the, the output, you know, is the result, or we think of it as like a muscle that it's something that we have to keep exercising to,

to get stronger. but the reason the metaphor of the orchestra conductor is more helpful is that we actually don't sync with our brains alone. we think with our bodies, with the spaces in which we learn and work with them that are interactions with other people with our tools like our, our smartphones and other technological devices. so that really broadens the idea of what thinking is when we acknowledge that all these other resources are part of the thinking process. dominic, i see you nodding, go ahead. i completely agree. i think the idea that, and is exploring in our book, especially that so much of our thinking exists outside of the individual mind or the individual brain involves other people as well as technologies and devices. this is a super interesting one, and research is, is exploring how our source thing, at least a lot of the thinking that we do affect the conclusions that people reach or the way in which their, their minds work. i'm just thinking, gee, and in my system,

walk around, thinking about how we're thinking it just happens unless, unless something happens and then we have an injury or we have something that's not quite firing, right? why do you think that is? it's almost like we take our blame it we do take our great brains for granted, and it's only when we do have a head injury or something happens to our physical brain origin that we realized so much of who we are so much of our personality and what we know, our memories of consciousness really lies in this few pounds of flesh, but this brain is not disconnected from the world, at least most of the time. we have our sensors that flow into our brain, through our bodies. and that includes our sense of space and nature, i sense of others and our ability to connect and reach out to them. so i think it's a beautiful book, and murphy, really well read. well written. it was

a lot of fun to read. it was well researched and i take my hat off to you. i enjoyed every minute of reading it and that's not usually the case when i'm reading things related to my field. i usually don't read books and so this one was really, really a delight. thank you. i mean, what major writing extended mind the power thinking outside the brain. what, what was the, what was the inspiration? what, what did you think? like i need to write a book about how we need to think outside of the mind outside of the bright. well, so i have 2 sons who are school aids and i got very interested in how they learn in the science of learning. and in my research and reporting on the science of learning, i started to notice a bunch of different fields that were all looking at how these outside the brain resources factor into our thinking. and then i happened to come across

a journal article by 2 philosophers that propose this idea of the extended mind, which is the idea that we don't just think with our brains around we actually extend our thinking process these out into the world with our bodies, with faces with other people and that to me, tied together a lot of the research finding that i was finding so interesting part of your research. you discover pizza running. oh, go ahead, gina. go ahead. i just wanted to say i see annie, that you are talking with your hands, which of the recommendations of your book? so yeah, i haven't started adopting that to even though we're seated here, we're not taking a walk which would be even better. at least we are using our bodies. and what that does to our brain is it puts it in a mode where we can learn better, actually we can, we learn best through teaching, and then when we're teaching it for active,

we are learning even better. our brain is in this state called the fate of state, which is about $5.00 to $10.00 waves per 2nd that occur in our hippa campus, which is our rapid learning structure in our brain associated learning. so when we put things together and when we move, our hipaa campus goes into the state, which is really best for learning. so let me show you one of the people who inspired. and if to write her book and this gentleman's called peter ryan, a, he's a neuro ethics professor from the university of british columbia. and he explains what gina was just explaining that how our brain can then use other things to help us think better and operate better pieces. because much but explanation that i have so serious mentioned the following scenario. a few weeks ago you made an appointment to see the dentist say for next tuesday,

tuesday morning. you wake up and you realize it today so that i can see the dentist but you're not for. was it the appointment at 2 o'clock or 3 o'clock? well fortunately you also noted this time with this putting it in a diary either a paper diary or in your phone for example. and you go. busy and you check that diary and you find out that the appointment is at 2 o'clock. what you've done is actually a very smart thing for several reasons. first of all, biological memory is unfortunately, toria slee unreliable for details like this. on the other hand, the diary is a perfect source of storing and record recalling that kind of information. but more importantly, what you've done is you've offloaded the cognitive work of remembering onto the diary rather than taxing your biological brain with that same task. and by doing so, we open up space for that biological brain to do what it does best make decisions.

abstract thought, creativity. and that is the future. thought an extension could be apathy through the hands. i do our surroundings using the surrounding. like a diary peter was saying that it could be relationships, collaborations with people, dominic, can you give us an example? going to make everybody give us an example that we can see this happening in our daily life as i just feel like i'm going out of fashion and i'm going to die if i don't leave my hands. don't hesitate. sure, well, i'll continue with a technological example. so example of a smartphone. we now all carry them around and increasingly use them not just to make phone calls and also keep track of dates. but for taking photograph and more,

we walk around the world and take photographs more. we are potentially outsourcing the memories of things that we've seen and events we experience and that actually research now on the effects that can have on your memory for events, say your turing museum and you see art. and as you walk around, instead of simply looking at the are you take photographs of, of the art and especially your favorite pieces, how that affects your memory, then for that event. and what you find is that if people are using a phone or a camera, generally, to record the event there in some ways out sourcing the memory and the experience of the event. and it changes the way they remember it changes the way they can later on recollect what they saw. and the reason it does so at least in part is because as you take those photos, you're paying attention to the situation in a different way. so bike using that technology and outsourcing the memory. you're also potentially outsourcing a part of the experience and bus effecting what is like in the moment. and then what do you experience later on? i have lots of huge questions for you. guess i'm going to get you to ask them

pretty quickly if you can. some people are not getting quite what brain capacity means. is it possible to run out of brain space? well, you know, you brought on peter rider who just gave that. that very interesting example a minute ago, and it was peter who introduced me to the idea that the biological brain is maybe running at full capacity at this point. meaning we are using every bit of our brain to deal with our really complicated modern world. and that's the only way to transcend the limits of the biological brain which evolved to do, you know, very different things from what we ask it to do in our modern world of symbols and abstract ideas. the only way to transcend those limit is to bring in these external re says like the body like spaces, like other people just, i mean to, to offer an example of my own. there's an interesting phenomenon known as trans active memory. whereas where, which refers to the fact that in

a group you can share memory and such that each individual has access to the memory of all the people in the groups we, nobody can know everything, but everybody in a group can have their own specialty. and when you know what other people know you have to what? well yeah, and it's fascinating any how when you talk and recollect an event with your friends, they might have a very different recollection of something that you do. and the act of recollecting together helps you bring up that memory, and then incorporate all of your friends and recollections into your memory. and then when you re consolidate that memory, which occurs in while you sleep that next night, you reconfirm their memories in with your own. and hopefully as a group you all will remember more accurately than any one memory. jim wants to

know, gina, what causes forgetfulness and how could he avoid it occurs, 1st of all, you didn't have all systems working in the 1st place when you were trying to remember, for example, or you weren't paying attention. so, neurotransmitter called a seat, a cooling in your brain, helps you remember things in the 1st place. and the seattle cooling comes on line when your brain is in that data space that i talked about before and, and when we are actively attending to something. another thing that helps our best, remember, better in the 1st place is to tag memory with another transmitter called north the nation. and that's something we're researching in my laboratory right now. what does nora afteren do to help us time our memories that we consolidate them? well, while we sleep and then don't forget them later,

just and i have the answer your question. let me bring it in, chris. chris wanted to talk about how he changed the way he was thinking, doing the cover pandemic now, and particularly doing locked down. i'm really intrigued, guess by how you think our brains have changed? gen locked down and when we, i said a paid his christ festival like a ton of people around the world. when the pandemic kid, i became cognitively overloaded with having to work full time from home and my son having school from home as well. i had a lot going on just like everybody else. and i needed different ways to kind of get through my daily process. so i started doing different things that i'm still doing to day, like going for walks every single morning while i work through different projects and my mind or i'm listening to audio books or podcast. and along this was covered

in annie's great book, the extended mind, i've also set up kind of like my home office area. and collaborative work is also helping out a lot, just thinking a little bit more clearly. and even though we've been in this pandemic for a long, long time is a little bit easier because again, our brian, how are we doing? what have you noticed? yeah, i think a lot of people can identify with, like chris is saying about feeling overloaded during the pandemic, and having to work from morning till night without a break, without a chat with colleagues or without a commute, you know, and i think that kind of puts the lie to the idea that the more we exercise our brains and where we use it, the stronger, i guess, i think a lot of us actually felt much less intelligent during the pandemic. and i would argue that another reason for that is that we were cut off for many of our usual mental expense. and you know, our colleagues or classmates and we weren't visiting new and stimulating places. we

weren't maybe using our body so much because we were sitting in front of a screen for many hours a day. so i think that help explain why a lot of people didn't feel like they were at their best mentally during those. and i, it's definitely happening to me, i want to say that part of your book was about natural spaces and getting out of in nature, which is what the last speaker just talked about. and i thought that was really fascinating. one of the things that natural spaces about as a piece of the wind and then leave and the founder of running water that helps de exhaust us. and one of the reasons why i say that, is it anything that con, our brain and that source of north and f, and they talked about before, norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that a little bit goes a long way, a little bit helps you learn really well. but too much is what happens when you're stressed out. and when you're stressed out, you're not connecting system is too strong. and what nature does is that help be

stress. yes, it helps. it helps that source of nerve connecting to calm down. so we can learn, and actually i think that the notion of the extended mind is also really useful, is when you think about the panoramic for conceptualizing how it is, we collectively make sense of a brand new event like this, right? this is a challenge that most people have never experienced anything like before and you can't figure it out on your own. you have to rely on other people. and you know, for example, we've learned over time how to understand graph disease spread or the transmission of cobra in your, in your local area or hospital usage rates. all sorts of information that ordinary people, most of the time haven't been paying attention to. and now at the beginning it was overwhelming and over time it become a plus. so for a couple of reasons. one is that we actually do learn how to cope with new kinds of information, right? over time, we get better at it. the other thing is,

as part of an extended community of mind, we get better presenting information to others. so policy makers and ologist and people in science, communication, and so on, as well as the news media are now much better at showing people the information and ways that are understandable and that they can use in their lives than they were at the beginning. and that's a process was suspended, mind isn't just a tool we have inevitably at our disposal. we have to build it and we can make it better. i was like a martin border. he's a philosopher, a science that can't university. and i'm, he really tackled this idea of how we really max out our brains right now. what is possible within our brains? and then off the back of that, i would like some practical solutions that, or i guess can give us about how we work smarter. his mouth, many philosophers have argued that the human brain will never unravel certain

mysteries about the universe. just because of the way our brain evolved. just like the mind of a dog will never understand. prime numbers, let's say the human mind is bound to have certain biological limits to now disposition sounds modest and humble, but the trouble is that it's always thinking of human intelligence in terms of a single isolated human brain. without the help of mind extensions and gotten to scratches and collaboration, but this is exactly what makes human intelligence unique. human intelligence is open ended and probably unlimited. what that, that's what i like to thing. but my life proved otherwise. i want to talk to you about some personal things that people can do to really extend what their brains are capable of. for instance, i'm going to play a little video of workmen exercising in japan and tell us why this is important.

and what would you be doing it? i lost the extend our re regarding exercise and movement. i was working on the construction site that you had viral. very common wise movement. important. how does that extend that by? yeah, this really lovely. that's a program of actually sizes that millions of people in japan do every morning and have been doing for decades and there's a couple of things going on there. i mean, one thing there outside that kind of other moving and dr. poets all the time for it and that assist thinking. and 3rd of all, they're moving together. they're engaged in synchronize movement and help bring a group of people together and help get them on the same page. it's like if you're moving as one, if your body's moving one help your brain kind of active plan as well. i'm going to keep in this whole thing going thank you for the exercises for from the japanese

construction workers. and we're going to gina singing q the singing. gina, why are you singing to the cuba in order to set up a time to help people about opens activated by the fall, the things i way please create the beat for the by the city will be shipping networks. drawing memory is a way, a to learn a fission. me how me why that wasn't just a trick. i can i thing my entire read search for each episode with the stream. and then i'm going to be better hosting with that. and so will your, your whole audience will be better, did these are did easy because they help people remember better that 44 beat is in

the stream frequency. and a song just helps us, especially sing it together when i'm giving lectures. laugh and have my id and seeing that to be here about when you're saying it together and snap their finger in their hands. and dominic, i'm going to give you a picture right here is an office that i know pretty well. how do you make this office environments? how do you make it a better office environment for thinking performing well? because right back here, this is my desk. i work in greatness. it's a very charge coffee, dominic, what we need to do to extend the thinking that was going on in this office. okay, great question. it is a tragic office. i'm sorry. i would say the most important thing in the office is the people. and i would worry less about the space, the fact that i know people in the office, well,

whether they're in the office or not, you could, you know, put the paint on the walls. but i think it's the relationship between the people and their sense, particular of being a common unit as working together toward that sort of common mission and set of goals. we know to be crucial for both people be excited about their work, but i'll be productive and cooperative. and so building a collective and common identity regardless of the space around you would be my primary recommendation. all right, this is been such a fascinating conversation. we've only scraped the surface there so much more that you can find out when everything. absolutely not. gina, gina wants to talk some more at the end of the show. i have no more space here they've been doing the scene is going to be on the news and now is there any 2nd now? ok, look at my laptop. extended mind murphy, paul, you can find more about the book. you can either book, go to any murphy pause, try to cite dominic the power of up. he has

a book as well. and follow gina just because she's amazing and she may, we'll see you at the thing. thanks for watching everybody. i'll see you next time. take care. ah hi. melissa market for the rich and powerful. i'm one of the sessions. work undercover just years investigative unit exposes the inner workings and key players in the murky underbelly of football finance. he's a part you need to sell. something in addition has been said that you can make an elephant disappeared. i have many of the brazen example i've seen the man who sell football coming soon on. i was just, you know, ah, with sandy beaches, judy free shopping and low taxes. could probably go island of high non become china's new hong kong. 11 east investigate on iraq.

we're told technology can help tackle the spread of code 19, but our tech solutions, the best solutions we're starting, something that seems like it's in public health, very quickly becomes about measuring people what date is being collected. whereas it's being stored highly re, looks at the limits of the potential of other creative ways to deal with the issues we face target when tech to go viral, episode 3 of all hail the locked down on algae 0 for did ramirez and molina families, the pain is unbearable for their relatives were killed last week. doing a military operation ordered by the venezuelan government. security forces accused him of being part of a colombian rebel group and said date died in combat neighbors and family members. and they were innocent, taken from their homes and executed under pressure vinnish. well,

as defense minister by the me to the you know, said the forces were obliged to the friends that come through from irregular groups that added the human rights needed to be respected. and that the events at the border would be investigated. ah . the 1st flight relocating afghans who works alongside american forces has arrived in the us. ah know 0 life from headquarters in ohio. you guys are also coming up. the 1st person convicted under hong kong national security law sentence to 9 years in prison. no research on the current of virus, delta very ins appears to show it as contagious. ostrich and running dry. iraq

finds itself short of water wrong diverse what were once reliable supplies.