and syngenta, but it needs to be said that they are separate army. so for them coming together and to work in unison is going to be a very big feet. indeed. guineas, cool. leaders have replaced the heads of administrative regions with military officers, furthering further tightening their control of the country. west african nations have threatened sanctions after colonel norma the don't. boyer lead a cood, the posing president for con, there. on sunday, they'll hold a virtual summit on wednesday to discuss the military takeover. ah, and now the top stories on al jazeera, the taliban has unveiled a new interim government declaring if can astonish, slamming and read 3 weeks after seizing control of cobbled, the most powerful positions have been given to men who dominated the 20 year war against the us led coalition, and it's asking allies,

there are no women in the government or the us military. and chief meanwhile, has deliberate oblique assessment of the situation in afghanistan. he says, the country is running out of money to fund the basic services. nearly all of the population are in need of your manager and assistance. the 18000000 people generally speaking, some protections. 14000000 need 9000000 need access to water. 600000 been entirely just alone. and $5000000.00 people remain just based about the secretary general will launch and appeal on monday, the 13th september and geneva flash appeal which has been cut together by the agencies about $606000000.00 for a full month period. that covers the existing monetary needs and an updated assessment. francis top court of appeal has ruled against one of the country's

largest companies of allegations that it's funded isis in syria. the court overturned a ruling, not the formerly investigate some in manufacturer lafarge for complicity in crimes against humanity. the company continue to operate in northern syria between 20122014 the fight. the threat of armed groups, including i saw in the region and police in brazil have fired to tear gas at supporters of embattled president. j a both sonata as they attempted to storm the supreme court. they're unhappy that judges of backed an investigation into the both scenarios, ministrations handling of the pandemic and possible corruption. earlier the president attended and military rallied to mark independence day and lashed out at the supreme court. those are the headlines. stay with us coming up next, the 8th, the scream, and then i'm going to have the latest and all those new stories in just under half

an hour. see this by by me? ah ah, ah, i'm josh rushing, setting them for me. ok today and you're in the stream has north korea rita's nuclear program. so they will take a look at the evidence and discuss the implication of the young young expanding nuclear arsenal. if you're watching on youtube till over there joined the conversation, right? leave a comment and are live chat, and you too will be in the stream. north korea restarted nuclear reactor may mean that it's at work expanding its nuclear arsenal. is aware that the un watchdog

monitor is its activities via satellite. so that raises questions. are we looking at another middle cast or other provocation? is it simply going to use this as leverage and future talks with the lesser both? the biting administration has a lot going on. there's f garrison and the pen, derrick, china, russia, and more. but it should pay close attention to this development and take any opportunity to begin nuclear talks with the north. here discuss that in moore's today's panel in washington d. c. jenny town. jan is a senior fellow, the simpson center and the director simpson. 38 north program, which provides policy and tactical analysis on north korea. also joining this is jean lee. she's a long time journalist in 2011. she became the 1st american reporter, granite extensive access on the ground in nor korea. and uncle ponder, he's a senior fellow in the nuclear policy program at the carnegie endowment for international peace. welcome everyone. let's start with this satellite imagery.

jenny, i'm gonna ask you to walk us through this. we can go to my laptop. this is an image looks like from august 25th over a reactor, but you can walk us through here what, what's the concern? sure. so what we're seeing is north korea, 5 megawatt reactors, the gas gas grass by 20 production reactor. and where the arrows to the water outfall what this is is this is usually a signature that the reactor is running. and so we're seeing some of the waste water being expunged. meaning that there's some kind of operations, whether they're flushing out systems or whether they're actually producing tonya is still in question. we would normally see a couple other signatures as well. if that would confirm that the reactor is running. but we at least know there's something going on there. we have not seen this kind of activity since about 2018. and this is important because, you know,

during the past couple of years, north korea has continued to enrich uranium which is also used for nuclear weapons . but it does need tony. i'm, if it's going to build the more advanced nuclear weapons design, which is their own weapons, or even the miniaturized foreheads. and these are all goals that laid out and is a party congress in january of things that north will develop over the next 5 years . and to see this is really a sign that north korea is continuing to move forward with this w. m. the development in an advantage ability. okay. do you know, could this be doing anything else? is this reactor have any other purpose? well, so definitely right that to tony production is really the reason this reactor exists . and the reason that the international community has grown familiar with the young b on complex over 30 plus years and attention that's been given to the reactor and to broader facilities nearby this reactor as well. i do want to add one just

technical note is that while the reactor is the sole source of spent fuel than reprocessors, nearby for the production of plutonium and use of nuclear weapons. something else that does reactor i think has an important role in producing in north korea is a treaty which is an isotope of hydrogen that's necessary for thermal nuclear weapons. which specifically, as johnny pointed out of kim jong on this january, specifically called for the additional production of thermal nuclear weapons. so the concerning and serious development, i would have grown beside the point that jenny also raised, which is that, you know, this is not worth career restarting in the play or program. the program was never offended. they were producing uranium all while the stomach for going on, but the trump administration, i was just that this reactor was shut down in december 2018 and now it appears according to the director general, that operations of like you know, looking at the timing of this gene, let's go to my computer real quick, i'm going to share a headline with our audience and set this question up for you. says notary of faces

economic ruin amid food and medicine shortages. that's, that's a guardian article. it says because it cove it in the border being shut down that north korea having to pick particularly hard time economically. is that the case and could that have something to do with what some might see as a provocation here? well, there is no question that the last few years would have been extreme. ok . hey gina, we're having a bit of a problem with your mike. let's see if our tech guys can get that sorted and we'll come back to you. jenny took off the same question to you. is this a particularly difficult time economically, or nor korea? could that be part of the timing of this? it's definitely a difficult time for the north koreans with the co long border closed shut down.

because of course, there's just been a lot of a lot of problems that they're dealing with. whether or not it's where the, the timing is tied to the restarting of this reactor or not. it is really unclear. there's been some other technical things that that have been going on at the reactor over the past 2 years. they have been working on the cooling system, which is also tied into the other reactor that they're trying to build the experimental light water reactor. and it may just be that those technical issues have now been worked out and they're ready to move forward. so i wouldn't connect all the dot so clearly. so there's a couple of comments in our youtube are ready that want to bring into the conversation. michael says nobody has any interest in invading nor korea. ricardo desousa says north korea be testing the new usa administration to see how far they

can go on kit. is this a test for the by an administration? i don't really think so. i may look the simplest reason for why north korea restarted this reactor and just potentially producing work with tony them is simply because north korea, they nuclear weapon states that intends on keeping its nuclear arsenal and expanding its nuclear arsenal. qindzhong, it has been quite clear back in 2018 before the thomas with the south korean president of the us president. can john unused his new year's day address that year to call for the mass production of nuclear warheads. and of course they've been uranium and now it only makes sense that the reactor would restart. you know, just one thing is that in addition to the difficulties faced by north korea, economically and as a result of the panoramic in 20192020, particularly in the summer months north re experienced a, you know, a space of nuclear started natural disasters including flooding, i don't particularly dramatic flooding in 2020 so young chinese right that you know, they have been making, maintaining the site conducting,

pursuing upgrades to the cooling system. but it also is possible that the reactor restarting, now instead of potentially last year or last fall before the by the ministration was even inaugurated, may have been a result of unexpected damage from those national disasters and the flooding of the site. i want to bring in another comment. this is from alcohol. child. sees in spain is a special cultural delegate or, nor korea here took this out. the only choice that's more country like can we 27000000 people that it has to be fairly itself on preserve the life of exceeded since and do not end up like iraq, afghanistan, and many other countries from the woods of the us imperialism used to be the nuclear power by he made up the nuclear guns and more specifically, the 3rd one nuclear weapons. the country can secure dive the un if the united states is going to a dock and beat north korea. the country can answer into any sports or the

continental united states. so jenny, why, why shouldn't nor korea have nukes, i mean, if he gets up the program is example. what happened would get davi and saddam, did he take a lesson from that or? oh, he absolutely did, and i think there was a lot of discussion even at that time as if cut off be if we had had nuclear weapons, would the us have done with those times had been taken? i think there is a case to be made. you know, there's, there's some understanding of north korea is a small country, and it is a small country in the middle of large powers. and of other countries that have nuclear weapons the, their, their own or by proxy, by the us. and so i think there was a serious security underpinning to that decision to go nuclear. although it

does also serve other purposes as well, including, you know, the procedure prestige of being part of the nuclear club and also the ability to coerce more effectively. i think if you do look at the north korean calculus and all this, they are still a country that is at war with the us. the war was never actually, it never actually ended. it's only still in the armistice agreement. so in order to really get to a point of being able to convince north korea that this is the wrong path, i think there are a number of security related issues that have to change and have to be resolved. that would allow them the ability to make different decisions. but i think this whole approach of the nuclear eyes or else has been largely ineffective and, and has it, if anything, helps the north koreans justify their action more broadly. so gene,

are you back with us now i was, i was hoping that you might bill us in a little bit on, on the people of north korea and how they're affected by the sanctions. and what's happening with the economy there and how that plays into this. yeah, sorry about that. and what i was saying about the sanctions is there's no question the economy of north korea has been hard. but i think we need to make a distinction between the, the regime and the people. the people have been sacrificed there will be, has, has been sacrificed by the leadership for electrical again. john has, i do, i do worry about the everyday lives of the ordinary north greens and, and it was tough for all of this and the last few years and it's got to be even tougher. now, let's be clear, this is john and treating his people like a human shield and holding them hostage to this kind of hardship because he has a bigger goal. he hits making certain decisions. that is putting his people in

harm's way because he has a bigger goal, which is to get his nuclear program to the point where perhaps the world has to treat north korea as a nuclear power. and that he'll a point where he can hold on to those weapons while perhaps negotiating amongst them away. so it's a really tricky question. you know, i think that we all care about the, the state of the north korean population. but it, it can juggle himself who is holding them hostage and is making decisions that is putting them in harm's way. what does that mean for the effectiveness of, of sanctions? does the pain pass right through, appealing young to the people and they don't take any kind of diplomatic pay off or it so the, you know, the sanctions do. i do think that the north koreans are incredibly clever. they've been with sanctions for a long time. they are very clever and very good at getting around them and sanctions are not effective unless they are enforced. so one of the challenges, of course, is to make sure that the sanctions are effective. and that is that is

a challenge. china for one, and i would say russia possibly, they don't want to see north korea rumble. they don't want to see this destroyed economy on their doorstep. the so they will, even though they signed on to sanctions, that the un has impose. they may try to try to find a way to make sure that north creative collapse now. and the other thing that i am very concerned about is how this is driving the north koreans to look at ways to make money that they need not only for the nuclear program but also to keep their economy afloat. and so i'm looking very closely at cyber. how is all of this driving the north koreans to elicit the list that need to make sure they're getting the money that they need to keep the people or to keep the leadership afloat and to keep that nor nuclear program expanding. so if sanctions have like a jump engine, please, please. yeah. and just to add to that, you know, i agree with a lot of what's being said. and the reality is to that,

the effect that sanctions have really does affect the people more than the regime regime will be the last people to feel that. and so the point of sanctions has largely been to, to deprive the regime of money and raise the cost of them making certain decisions and continue to pursue their nuclear development. but especially the pensions on commercial sectors. for instance, the people that get hit for the fishermen, the farmers, the people who have now lost markets and lost things. and now, with the border closures, everything is exacerbated because there is no longer the ability to get good in for the people who were working in the market and selling goods to get goods from china to sell in the market. and so, having this whole coven complication is having a lot of compounded effects on the people themselves. but the people who will

feel it the last and the least are going to be the least the one who we say that we're targeting the sanctions on it. so if you're looking at sanctions as the stick, maybe he's looking for a carrot i want to bring in. angela came, she says, sam nunn distinguish fellow for nuclear threat initiative. who has a question about what can be offered to him? north korea has been a nuclear power for some time already. it is always being demanded in the media that that has to be the complete the nuclear station of north korea. and to my mind, the chairman kim jones is not going to undertake this anytime soon. he wants to be recognised, he wants to be recognized as a nuclear power. and at the same standing as for example, pakistan and india will also nuclear powers, but not in the nonproliferation treaty. so demand of d p r k, to dismantle the nuclear weapons. what is going to be the counter offer that has

been given and there is nothing right now. okay. do you have any and site on that? yes, so the north koreans, i think, have told us on multiple occasions clearly and they are terms in some cases what they're looking for at the 100 summit, for instance, in february 2019, the north korean quest was for the united states to offer a very sort of large package of sanctions release, mostly focusing on the un security council resolutions that were passed in 2016 or 2017 with the russian and chinese support out of time when north korea was very rapidly expanding its qualitative capabilities. and so far as the super deterrent was concerned, apart from data on the security side of things, there's a basket of measures that the north koreans call the hostile policy or us hostile moves. this includes everything from the provision of us, extended nuclear deterrence to allies in northeast asia, to physical us. the presence of us troops on the korean peninsula and nearby in japan on north korea effectively has asked for the united states to pull these back

it, when it comes to negotiating on north korea's nuclear program though, you know, i do. i do tend to think that in the short term, the more promising path that had especially were to shape kim jong and choices short of total desire to encourage north korea to stop qualitatively advancing its capabilities. to stop the quantitative growth of north korea's weapons, great fissile material for instance. having some kind of package of sanctions relief that could be implemented. what's not fact measures where the transfer to achieve or to not make good on their word. those sanctions could be reimpose, may have some promise, but yeah, the north korean top told us what they're looking for on the notion of north korea, sort of, you know, one of the, one of the things that i think makes doing diplomacy with korea challenging is that why would it's true that north korea has developed nuclear weapons after leaving the n p t? it's not comparable to india or pockets on because neither new delhi nor ever actually joined the mpg to begin with. the fact that north korea pull down at the nonproliferation treaty developed a nuclear arsenal, i think, makes international diplomatic. quite careful about how we approach this problem

because we don't want to send president, whereby north korea, as seen as enduring little bit around 2 decades of intense sanctions and other measures that effectively gets away with developing a nuclear arsenal about, i think we've set over a dangerous precedent for the non proliferation regime. more probably. so a couple more questions from you tube? karen? leon says diplomatic discussions are better than sanctions. and last my password says, has kim dungan expressed any signs of wanting real dialogue? jenny? i'm also curious to add to this it seem like in the trump administration, things took a weird turn there for a little bit. and i'm just curious, where are we now? has it reset to back before or did things change? because a trump's different approach and is qindzhong interested and having similar meetings with biden or do we now well, you know, during this from ministration and,

and actually several times the north koreans have committed to the new group ation of the korean peninsula and, and certainly there's some loaded a meaning to some of that, but this idea of are they willing to negotiate? yes, they're willing to negotiate. but the reality is, is that they're not going. that doesn't mean they come to the table and simply put the nuclear weapons on the table and say, here, what can i get for this? this is a process. and like i said, there is some security underpinning to their nuclear program that also needs to be addressed in that process. and what you saw, anything for in 2018, was an agreement to an agenda that included that relationship. changing the nature of the security situation, changing us, korea can religion, working towards the piece regime and working towards the nuclear station. and these are all things that needs to be done sort of in together. it's not just about finding the right patients package. it is about creating an environment in which,

again noisy, i can feel confident in making certain choices that it will benefit them and they won't bear the brunt of that decision in the future. what we have now with the bible ministers station is a, revert back to the kind of language we had in 2016 where the relationship is talked about in, in this threat dynamic north korea poses a big threat and focused on the nuclear station only as the goal and so if you're the north koreans looking at this, you know, already he's on extended a lot of political capital in 2018 to go through the summit process and didn't necessarily get anything tangible to show for it is going to be more reluctant to come back to the table now, especially if there isn't a real sense of what they're going to get and the public messaging other than the being willing to meet anytime anywhere, doesn't give any indication that outcomes,

especially in the short term, are really possible. and it is almost as if the language is like 2018 never happened. we're really back to this threat scenario. and this real focus on the nuclear station. so just to re, i just jump in with you please. to jane. i was going to say but, but at least we're, they're starting the vitamin efficient starting from this completely nuclear station of the cream for not to say that i support that language. but in a sense that they're not quite all the way back to 2016 innocence. they are starting from the language that was laid out in singapore, in 2018. and so not starting completely from 0, i would say. but remember that the following year in 2019, that kinda learned left her noise hit to get back on a train for 66 hours or whatever it was. and he didn't have anything to show for it

. and so he's not going to go back to negotiation. i mean, i do think that he wants to negotiation, but he's not going to go to negotiation unless he knows he's going to get something out of it, unless he's in a stronger position. and in a sense what we're seeing now with the restarting, the possible restarting of this portion of young gun. and maybe we'll start to see some other types of provocations is expanding the or the arsenal. right? so that they are in a stronger position if and when they get back to that negotiation. and also creating sense of urgency knowing that the binding ministration, distracted trying to create a sense of urgency in the region about their nuclear ambition. have another comment . i want to bring in this is from daniel kingston that he's the international relations lecturer, troy university. and he speaks a bit to the mindset. i think of kim jong on many the southern part of the korean peninsula already has been de nuclear arrived south korea in full compliance with

this nuclear nonproliferation treaty commitments. however, north korea has demonstrated over decades that the leadership is committed to producing, acquiring, and deploying nuclear weapons. i don't believe north korea will abandon its nuclear ambitions unless the leadership abandons its hostile ideology towards the rest of the world. they view the world is a menacing environment where northwest is constantly under threat on is an you could as a north korean nuclear program inevitable. i mean the problem exists, but then being a full nuclear state is inevitable. while they are, they are a nuclear weapons state today, and i think they intend to retain that status. we've already heard about some of the reasons why they've decided that this nuclear weapons are an essential component of their national defense strategy. everything from prestige to practically to turn the united states. i do think that they will retain this for

the long term unless you know the fundamental conditions that today they've received to exist in the international environment around the cream finance, lower to be transformed. i don't see that happening anytime soon. you know, there are also other political dynamics under way, including the us generally increasing its military presence in the pacific region to compete with china. while i think having effects on the us, china relationship will also enhance created securities simply because you also have additional military assets and attention in this part of the world. so fortunately, i think we are in for the long haul. i don't want to say never, you know, i don't wanna say that north korea will never give up with nuclear weapons. the nuclear age itself is quite young. we have less than 100 years of experience as a species with their weapons. but certainly i think over the next few decades can go on at least as long as he's alive. and as long as he's leading north korea, i found it very difficult to imagine the kind of internal and external developments that would have to take place for north korea. fundamentally revisit the use of nuclear weapons. right. that's right. thank you. on karen. thank eugene and jenny,

unfortunately we have to lead the conversation there. a big thing, all of our guest and to your community for joining the discussion. until next time . we'll see you on line. ah ah, ah, ah, ah ah, discover a world of difference determination. i'm coming down, we are moving the freedom plan. so 16 people and corruption compassion,

the just 0 world selection of the best films from across our network of channels. oh, the conflict between the government and the regional take. great people for the racial fund has skills thousands and internally displaced more than 2000000 over the past 7 months. 350000 people in the region are facing families according to the united nation. which says that star vision is being used as a weapon for those who managed to cross the border, say it's not because transitions have improved back home. they say to grants, continue to be targeted because of and many properties are being reported and vacant, taken refuge conditions here. last time, i can unlock my phone with my face. you can access your bank account with your voice unique algorithmic measurements of us that are revolutionizing the process of

identification. biometrics, a fall from person, for convenience and seeming infallibility, comes at most crucially, our privacy in the 4th of a 5 part series already re addresses the appropriation of our most personal characteristics. all hail the algorithm on jazz ah hello, and barbara ferry, london. as these are the top stories on al jazeera, the taliban has unveiled a new interim government declaring a scanner stolen islam, mac m, or it's 3 weeks after seizing control of cobble. the most powerful positions have been given to men who dominated the 20 year war against the us led coalition and its african allies. there are no women in the government and the taliban hasn't said if it will eventually hold election.