extremely pessimistic about the direction of the world. in fact, one un, inside of the un for many years says it's the strongest speech they've ever seen by secretary general james, looking forward to coverage. thank you for your insights, james, by day reporting for us from the united nations. ah, you're watching al jazeera, these are the top stories this. our sedans governing sovereign council says it's foiled and attempted coon, if there's a plot it's have been arrested and being questioned. they tried to take control of several government institutions, including the state, television and radio. speaking a short while ago, sedans, prime minister said the failed crew attempt was aimed at undermining the countries democratic transition. he says it was arranged from within and outside the military establishment. if a morgan has more from cartoon members of the armed forces were involved in this

attempted coup, soldiers using tanks blocked, one of the main bridges that connected between undermined the trinity of the capital called to him and her to him. so that the bridge was blocked and the arms therefore, was surrounded by those who attempted to stage a coup and into incited worthy officers and the soldiers who were parts of the attempted coup. now, according to some military sources, the inflammation that a coup attempt will be taking place in the morning is something that they had from last night. but they were waiting to see how it would unfold and who was involved in it. canadian prime minister justin trudeau has been reelected following and snap poll on monday projection to show you the ruling liberals will remain the single largest party. but it's falling short of those aim to win. the majority, the european court of human rights has ruled that russia is responsible for the 2006 killing of alexander vineyard comb. the former russian spy who defected to britain died after being poisoned. with a rare radio active substance,

russia has always denied involvement. and the police in the u. k. say they're charging a 3rd russian suspect in connection with the nerve agent attack. on another former russian agent in england, sir guy cripple and his daughter julia would tangleridge in the city of salisbury, in 2018. hundreds of construction workers have marched through the astronomy and city of melbourne. after being told, they must get vaccinated against clothes. at 19, the premier has closed down building sites the 2 week saying the movement of work is spreading the virus. and the former head of egypt, military council that ruled the country following the arab spring uprisings 10 years ago, has died hussain. at 10 time we was 85. he served as ages defense minister for more than 2 decades. those are the headlines state you now for inside story. ah, ah,

ah, the world leaders in neil the united nations general assembly. but countries are increasingly divided on major crises from climate change in the panoramic. so i've got a song. so is there a future, a global corporation? this is my story. ah, the welcome to the program. i'm iran con, after a year, a virtual meetings world leaders and diplomats a back in new york to attend the united nations general assembly this week. they've a lot to get through. climate change is

a major concern just 6 weeks before the next, a major un summit in glasgow access to cobra. $900.00 vaccines will also be discussed. the un secretary general says growing mistrust between countries is making it difficult for the united nations to tackle global crises. he's particularly concerned about the relationship between china and the united states, calling it totally dysfunctional, and certainly the terrorists urge the 2 superpowers to repair ties or risk dividing the world with a new cold war. the cold war created clear rules, and there was a constance of the problem and the risks, namely at the risk of nuclear, this destruction. and that allowed to create a number of mechanisms that were back channel was always working. there were several forms to get in tea that things would not get out of control. now today, everything is more fluids. and even the experience that existed in the past to manage crisis is no longer there. with all these differences, one thing is clear,

we have only one planet. and all these countries are powerful enough for the fact that they ada thoughts with each other completely. to be a mechanism that and the minds are capacity to deal with the global challenges we face you in the special session as a potential 10 point in several major areas. the all bodies urging more countries to set ambitious goals for carbon neutrality. the u. n's analysis shows global emissions will be 16 percent higher in 2030 than they were in 2010. it also wants to ensure equal access to vaccines against the current of ours. the world health organization says 70 percent of coven, $900.00 doses, are administered in only 10 countries. and i also need to decide on how newly formed governments in certain countries should be approached the telephone takeover of cornerstone and the military coup in meanwhile, are the top of the agenda. the that's

bringing to get finished long bought symbol hon. peace and security consultant, a few in deep pockets done in a storm. bo matthew bryce, former us diplomat and senior fellow at the atlantic council and in cape town. so should i do senior research fellow at the institute for global dialogue, a south african thing tank. welcome to the program. i'd like to begin, and it's tumble 1st with matthew riser. the one's been a powerhouse organization since 1945, but it's more divided now than ever. the simple question is it has the you and failed and it's mandate. thanks, ron, for that great question. it depends on what you consider the mandate to be. i mean, i think the security council is definitely failing everything or anything that 3 of the permanent members, united states, united kingdom and france, propose russia in china, oppose. and so, you know, the security council is supposed to be the, the highest body in terms of formulating international law. but it has no

enforcement mechanism so, so that's fail. but the un has done some great things in terms of delivering humanitarian assistance, fostering cooperation, and just getting people to to know about awareness about humanitarian problems around the world, or the plate of women and girls in certain parts of the world. unicef does great work in helping children, but overall it's, it's an unwieldy organization and it's aspirations, i think usually far exceed is outcomes. and we see that now with the world health organization, which really has not been able to do much at all, to respond to the cove in 1900 pandemic. so it's a, it's a mixed record. matthew, it's interesting you make the point, the, it's, it's unwieldy because if this was a company in the united states, congress would be looking to break it up. but we know they're not doing that yet. you say unicef does great work or the parts the organization do do great work. but as a whole, when it comes to what antonio tara says, more multilateralism,

it's simply not doing that. yeah, that's true. that's true. and that feel partially a symptom of the world. we live in today, that's so divided both again between the united states and europe on one side and china and russia on the other side or between north and south. this has been for decades, the north and south disagreeing on how, how to allocate resources. we see that in the climate change battle as well, where, you know, the, the so called western companies or the north, the north are wealthier countries are not fulfilling. the pledges that they may need to help developing countries who really aren't responsible for so much of climate change crisis to meet there to meet the targets. so yeah, you're right. i think we're a company would probably be broken up, but this is an unusual organization in that it's, it could comprised of sovereign member states. and you know, you and reform is a perennial topic. it's been out there for decades here in turkey where i live. it's quite a big issue to think about or to try to expand the membership of the security

council beyond 5, it's the president there to one slogan is the world is bigger than 5. so some countries really do want to expand the united nations. but from my perspective, yeah, it is, it's too big fellowship, either in cape town, you work for a institute, a called global dialogue, but the you and doesn't seem to have much of that going on at the moment. a good day run into my fellow colleagues. yeah, it's quite an interesting question. i mean, i think double dialogue is also the question of how you frame the dialogue and what you want the dialogue to essentially cover. i think you can have your broad trajectories around global dialogue. you can talk about the big ticket issues, you can talk about climate change, you can talk about the fact that you need piece stability and development. you can talk about the fact that in the humanitarian security issues, i exacerbated under the covert 19 conditions, but it's also about questions of how do you create prosperity and common and common

peace and stability for everybody and inclusive development agenda. i think where the challenges lie is actually coming down to those power dynamics. what matthew referred to, but also how do you get those power dynamics to become much more equitable? more importantly, how do you redistribute paula in the global arena? and i think that's the big challenge. nobody wants to give up their power. nobody wants to be seen as vulnerable in terms of where the power dynamics lie. and i agree they are pockets of excellence in the, in the us that we need to look at. and extrapolate lessons around, but i guess was the world school rec, reflects a power imbalance. i think these tensions will continue to arise who's going to basically decide that i'm going to de carbonized and move towards a better car, but a better environmental footprint. there's a lot of questions here, and i think the challenge is, you know, how do you get those agreements to be practical, but also get them to be implementable and operationalize symbol on this one. but

often why have from defenders of the un is yes. okay. it is flawed, it's a flawed system, but it's the only system we've got. do you agree with the yes, thank you, brian. and i think are absolutely agree with that. and also the convention. i also the point that my colleagues have just made before. i totally agree with that. they all have been mrs. we are living in and i need the system you in system has tried to work in a world where in quality, within region, within countries, across the region globally has been rising. any kind of a system where that was earlier, we saw a whole kind of communist system and socialist system ideologies working in eighty's and ninety's or war and was told before the end of history. that was a struggle. and there was a hope that maybe this image equitable distribution of power and wealth could be fixed, but didn't get fixed. and then we, we came to the end of history where the capitalist system apparently, and the capitalist, what had what one. and we had a unique system where america dominated the u. s. dominated was,

and i taught and i think under that that saved me saw a little bit more space. will multilateralism? because a lot of connective action between countries was happening under the leadership on the western or basically us leadership. within the last 2 decades we've seen a shift in global paula, you've seen, or like a shift to what you called multi point was so mighty lateralism to me is now challenging in a multi point was how do you work together in a country, in a global in a world, a system where a flush of all their rising security and political challenger, the acceptance of the rise of china, or gumbo. and, you know, basically russia and china kind of cool using together in a block against say, some of the worst and volatile and drug and then you have new friends like india coming in. so i think the, the functional disconnect as was said by my other colleagues are in certain areas you in is delivering human right now. for example, the example level honest,

on the most softest action that we have seen right now is coming by the un on the humanitarian space by and all the other countries shopping. and still thinking about how to kind of bring together collective action on political insecurity level to the taliban de paula the un to it's the military unblocked. if the foster respond to it is going to step in and you have stepped into do some, some very important units of w h was stepping in to we need that. and i think that is the reason why un system continues despite its problems. but on a growing lack of divide, in multi point one where you have rising concerns oft, which i know you've seen this new deal coming up between the u. s. u k, as well as a straight lifting your wall together too. but i'm afraid must be lapse with collective action. it's becoming more and more difficult. stocker, matthew,

what's the point of the un if multilateralism isn't bill and isn't part of it's d n a? if you simply can't do that, what's the point? well, as you, as you were saying earlier in, right, i mean it's, we need somewhere somewhere where people can, can, countries can gather where sovereign states can exchange views, can try to pull in the same direction wherever possible. you know, in my experience, in my diplomatic career, i always felt it was important to sustain a regime or a, a, an organized form of behavior among sovereign states. because they're very difficult to build in the 1st place. and it's really hard to get countries to agree on the same rules and norms. so are common rules. and so, you know, it's really something we do need to preserve because because it's the best we have . but the big problem is that the un was foraged in a spirit of common interest, right? where everybody in the security council, after the horrors of world war to a holocaust, everything else and world war one wanted to start over and wanted to try to work

together. and you know, we got something out of that effort called the universal declaration of human rights. but in reality, russia in china don't accept the universal declaration of human rights. and this whole, the whole rule rules based system that the un is supposed to help nurture and protect is being rejected and undermined by those countries to every day in the security council. so it was a brutal place. power really means something and often, you know, power can really destroy the best laid plans, is that the foundation is beautiful and is about a shared ideology of doing good things for humanity. so that's what i want you to pick up on that point. matthew says, actually look, it's russia and china is full. they have this veto his curious counsel. they often disagree on human rights and things like that. but he's america. so he's gonna say that, right, i mean, center. so there is an in built i don't want to say racism, but certainly in built prejudice too often coming economies up in combination states more powerful nation, surely like south africa. oh, thank you,

iran. yeah, it's blue 1st you the nature of, of the way the you, the security council was book i think when you go back and you look at the, the point that matthew makes about the forged common interests and how it was create, how that came, a bus yes, it was up to the period of $945.00. you've got this, this does the dynamic of the global system. and the way in which the power dynamics evolved at that time. and it strikes me that we're still trying to watch that system on the basis of how the world was perceived after 945. yes, indeed. i think that the idea of common interest, common prosperity and the ideology is important. but i think what is also important is how does the un evolve within the changing structural conditions in the global arena? and i'm just wondering as a proposal, perhaps the idea of what we talk, talk about in terms of some of the structural flaws and contradictions that exist

within the security council in terms of how they manage the peace and security and the interventions. and the idea of the human rights debates and so forth is that does everything that goes into the un security council, have to be about how interest are actually defined and devolved and designed in that un security council. perhaps the real challenge for us in terms of the, of the way the us has to become foot for purpose as it moves forward in a change in global architecture. and the multi polarity and the multilateralism that we have been discussing is the question of what is the viability of the security council? is the security council, the real issue here and not the entire you and architecture as it exists today? i think that's the biggest, the existential question we have to confront, in the context of the reform and transform agenda and the fact that it has always been a personal issue in terms of what happens because that's where the best of the facade . perhaps the challenge is to ask the question is, do you need the veto for all the permanent states in the, in the security goes?

well, security council, where is one of the most interesting bits, the symbol i also want to talk to you about change and change in the united nations and tony the terrace. the secretary general has been very clear. multilateralism is the way forward. he said this publicly in several interviews, he keeps giving the same message that anybody that he speaks to, but he's dealing with a 198 sovereign nations. now he can't dictate to those nations and change has to come from somewhere other a few key players symbol holding this change. is it china and the u. s. as now and tony terrace is saying yes, absolutely. and i think echoing what has been said before, again, especially the last speaker who talked about the power dynamic as long as global actions and wanted to can security off the dock in the power dynamic. and we haven't moved away from backward even national serrano at the national,

national definition of nation states are tied to offensive fall, i mean, be defying nation state system to the level of you know, elements of all of these countries and effort and security that national. so graham, if you have, we've had that huge issue about they've been the, we in the whole framework of which was very central to do you any role especially in, basically in the developing was, which was linked to the responsibility to protect that whole business of responsibility. to protect never blocked back to the universal acceptance among the sovereign country, especially in the global how'd we talk that will become an instrument of you and intervention all basically that you will become a friend for intervention off big global problems into their internal affairs. so, so granted, the national graham, the have always clashed with this big, large multilateralism that un has represented. and i don't think that's changing. i think that you should still remain stuck with the definition of who shaped thing

when the war and even how giant i've been defined. how china's world in the future been defined is by, by kind of laying out how much enabled knowledge i've been doing, or how much often extension to feedback will be at the china, the queen. how much economic power of recording. although on one side we do have a global consensus on this. and d, g, 17, for example. i mean the whole global community 198 or last countries agreed with pathway forward for the next 20 all the. so what we need to do in our countries to forward on one side, we do have that. but on the other side, how things move, how you move things and will get what is still defined. not on principle. it is sometimes kind of couch and this like global universal value, but often been developing boy fields. and often even china use the data is being defined by kind of principles linked through the advanced western world who wants

to kind of mundane that positions of power. who till we are stuck into the security and follow dynamic global community. humanity get still remain stuck in it. i don't think we are completely shifting on to, to the real office of why we had to set up a global organization and why we continue to work with a global organization. and i think the geography of the world and especially during work still see a lot of value in the u. n. yes. security council, i again, i absolutely agree the previous because it's all been kind of a depth now on un and how much action would that be defining your global system? it is, i think, a little bigger and beyond the un system, this whole idea of how power is being held by, by one defined. but matthew, is it bigger? one of the things that symbol hon is just said is that look the rest fundamental disagreements on things like security on things like arms, treaties,

and things like this. however, one of the things that might be able to unite the un is if they stop looking at the world through a security prism and start looking at through climate change. for example, something that affects every single country on the planet is the un remit. to why does it need to be narrower in order to be able to unite? no, i don't think so. i don't think in organization, any organization is ever going to be able to compel very powerful state actors to do anything. the state actors have to want to do it. and so to me and the problem is one of fred put it in simple terms. you can use a fancy word like parochialism or just selfishness. i mean, if kobe 19, if this crisis that really does affect everyone, if that can't bring us altogether, i think we're just as a fundamental problem of selfishness in the house, in the countries that have the vaccines that have the wealth. sure, in the united states, there are millions of people who want to do good and who are doing good. and united

states is, you know, stepping up in providing, you know, billions of dollars to, to deliver vaccines around the world. but it's not enough. and we've got, you know, as, as the head of the rural health organization, mr. gabriella said many times in the united states and other countries shouldn't be moving toward booster shots. so, 3rd, vaccines for the pfizer and madana vaccines, or pfizer biotech. before we get, you know, do much better in africa where i think only 2 percent of the population has been vaccinated. we lamented in the united states only around 70 percent of the populations had their 1st dose and 58 percent have had their 2nd dose in africa. all the entire gone into percent of people have gotten the vaccines. so we all need to be better human beings and care about what's happening in the world beyond our borders. because as we see what the so called delta variance, no matter how vaccinated we may be in the united states, that period has come back and has put us right back in the united states in a terrible. she didn't new search of coban 1900. so i'm just really pessimistic

that organizational reform is going to make the human character better. but, but hopefully climate change and the question of our very existence is going to bring us together. so there's not, if it's not climate change of, it's not an existential dread about our existence that is going to bring us together. what is the un for what is the problem here is also trying to understand the value system. i think the value system is really the question about how do you actually move beyond this question about what our interest countries in the u. n. system define their collective interest or the national interest in the context of the, of, of, of this entire organization. i have to look up to say that part of the debate about whether or not we look at the lens of security in a very state centric approach, or whether we have to look at it in a collective approach. and what the collective means in terms of a collective humanity, i think comes back to how you change the way we look at the nation state states as

component parts of the bigger. i think the real challenge is really around the question of how do we drive that value addition of human human, human security and more importantly, the question of a collective humanity. but i think the challenge is whether or not be going to move out of that state centric view. and whether we are going to create that bigger kind of universal value system that is not necessarily unique to particular countries or regions or particular ideological meanings. but it's just a complete universal kind of intrinsic value system, because if we are going to say that climate change is an existential threat to, to humanity. then of course, to all of what we are seeing in the un system now is not because if humanity is reaching a kind of tipping point in its survival, then where do we go with the un system? and i think at the end of the day, sorry, city said we are running out of time. and i do want to put this point to a symbol home. we are running out of time. but symbol the league of nations was

responded off to the 2nd mobile simply because it failed, failed to stop the horrors of that particular war. then we rebranded almost them. we became the united nations. it's been 30 years and we haven't had any real action on climate change. the time to despond, the un. well, i don't think so. i think un steps in, as i said earlier in, ready areas for humanitarian support, where no other organization right now exist to provide that kind of support creek action. they are offered to an area of which of course i, i, it's a very congested debate about universal values. what are defined, how, how do we define universe and value? but i think the f d g 's in their very basic way to capture some of the universal values which are not really contested rice of them in education, to be women, safety and security for children for health care. this is a bit hardy in england, destination and un right now today provide that kind of support provide capacity

building support. so we don't disband the un. i'm been absolutely not. and i think there's a huge need for that. yes, it is not being able to drill the reasons that it was set up for, but we don't have anything else to replace it right now. maybe a code word will or where we are. you know, this whole kind of narrative about somebody and more and more kind of a war continues. yeah, maybe that will lead to a point of collapse there. we reduce set up something new, but right now there's a huge need for the un, and i'm glad it's that i want to thank all august symbol hahn in a slow and if someone matthew and in cape time, solution ny do. and i want to thank you to for watching. now you can see the program again, any time by visiting our website out there a dot com. and for further discussion, go to a facebook page. that's facebook dot com, forward slash ha inside story. and you can also join the conversation on twitter. we are at asia inside story from me and ron khan,

and the whole team here. bye for now. the ah, ah, ah. ah i'm russell bid in southern england where 2 farmers trans safari part time is of gets the tract is nature in the driving seat. i was just absolutely astonishing the life, the poor back even the very 1st summer and i miguel sophie, i santiago when one by in the company revolutionizing the system using funds and artificial intelligence. here inside you have,

you have rise phone al jazeera after 16 years at the helm, angular macalucio 2nd damn is one of germany's most popular champ. but his christy and democratic struggling and the race to replace where the resurgence social democrat party and agreeing to making headway who will emerge in front and become germany's new leader, special coverage on al jazeera. i connie quarters at the 20th century, whose lives were intertwined from outcasts who found an artistic connection in 194010. james. deuce were the both of them were lost. children to a battle of words, against the backdrop of julian, more independent. i'll just tell stories of complex relationships that sparked, created for me to be a zone north africa, analogies era, me play an important role protecting human ah,

ah, on robinson and the top stories on our 0 sedans governing sovereign council says it's filed and attempted crew. it says the plotters have been arrested and being questioned. we tried to take control of several government institutions, including states t. v and radio. speaking a short while ago, sedans, prime minister said the failed co attempt was aimed at undermining the countries democratic transition. he says it was arranged.