was sworn in following last month's qu, employer has said elections will be held, but there is no word on when comic con has returned to new york for the 1st time since the pandemic began. the annual event is one of the largest pop culture conventions in the world. fans will have the chance to meet their favorite film and gaming personalities, as well as some of the world's best comic illustrators with 3 and a half $1000000000.00 in global sales. this year. comic books and graphic novels have a large and loyal following. people must be vaccinated against coven 19 to attend the 4 day events. ah! this is al jazeera, and these are the top stories this our, the u. s. senate has passed to procedural vote, paving the way for another vote on raising the debt limit by $480000000000.00 is

all stave off of potential debt to fault. in the last half hour, the 60 votes needed to in debate was secured without raising the national borrowing cap, the treasury would not be authorized to pay its bills in less than $2.00 weeks. senate democrats won a long term solution to the debt limit to make sure financial remarks remain stable and our economic recovery stays on track. america's full faith and credit must never be used as a political bargaining chip. i hope my republican colleagues relent from trying to make it one when we read. revisit this issue soon. so now that republican brinkman ship is relented. senate democrats will focus on passing, build back better agenda. so we can finally build up ladders of opportunity for people to climb up to the middle class. rescue as have been searching for survivors in south west pakistan where an earthquake is killed at least 20 people. the strong

but shallow trema has left hundreds of people injured in bella, she stands hun, i, c t, the worst heat region. pfizer says it submitted a request to the main us drug regulator for emergency approval of it's covered 19 vaccine for children aged from 5 to 11. the drive to vaccinate children has been spurred by a rise of infections of the delta variance and the reopening of schools. and the former us special envoy for haiti says security in puerto prince is deteriorating and massacres and kidnappings. and now part of everyday life, daniel foot said, america's policy of deporting thousands of haitians would only make things worse. those are the headlines i'm emily, angling at the news continues here on al jazeera, after inside story. bye for now. ah

. while the world's focused on vaccines against covert breakthrough has been made in fighting another disease, the w h r has approved a malaria jap. so can i help? why thought one of the biggest killers of children in africa? and will it be affordable for those who need it? the most? this is inside story. ah hello, welcome to inside story on come out. santa maria. it kills more than $400000.00 people a year out of an estimated $229000000.00 cases. and now there's

a vaccine for it, and for once we're not talking about code 19, it is in fact a malaria vaccine. and the world health organization is recommending it go into wide spread use among children in africa. now obviously there is a lot of optimism about this, but as we'll discuss shortly, there is still a lot of work left to do, most notably funding and the political will to make that happen. well, introduce you to our panel in a moment. first, the support from victoria cation b. it's being described as a game changer for child health, a vaccine that could help save the lives of hundreds of thousands of children each year in sub saharan africa. monica has been with us for millennia. and the dream of my letter boxing has been a long held but unattainable dream to day. the r t s. s. money vaccine. more than 30 years in the making changes the course of public health history. the vaccines smith klein vaccine has been given to

infants and gonna kenya i'm allowing since 2019 as part of a pilot program, it was found to be about 30 percent effective at preventing severe cases of the disease which is transmitted through mosquitoes. but that figure raised around 70 percent when the vaccine was combined with all the treatments. i think eradication is still a quite some time of it. but i think the combination of business chemo relaxes, and dyslexia, and another way see maybe other vaccines in the future will bring a malaria burden of disease down substantially and africa. malaria causes fever, vomiting, and fatigue, and kills more than $400000.00 people each year. mostly children on to 5 as well as pregnant women. the r t s. s vaccine, also known as muscular ricks has been welcomed by researches as an historic breakthrough. but many on the continent worry about funding and whether

a mass roll out will be possible in the wake of coping 19 and other competing priorities. we graham and i are being a disease boss, especially i by and large and dizzy as far as some south african children. ah, and given the digital geez, that our countries are facing, which will that be international? we're g r e is going to, i stand up and, and make dyslexia available to what children would needed. the world health organization recommends giving the vaccine to babies in 3 phases, followed by a beast to shoot. but that may take time. the next step is to the global vaccine alliance known as gabby, to look at whether the vaccine is a worthwhile investment. if it's approved, gabby will buy it for countries that request it process that it's expected to take at least a year, victoria gate and be al jazeera. ah. so let's bring

in our guests and do we have a doctor in the house? yeah, we've got 3 of them in fact, all in africa as well. first of all, in a virgin nigeria, aka color, who's the regional advisor for tropical and vector born diseases at the world health organization, african region. in johannesburg, south africa, helen race, a board member at kathy, which you heard about in that report, the global alliance, vaccines, and immunization and in nairobi, kenya of dallas, alba and epidemiologist, and research scientist at the african population and health research center. doctors. welcome to you all i feel we are in very good hands to day, dr. aka. let me start with you in a boucher 39 percent of malaria cases prevented by this fact same. and it goes up to 70 percent when it's combined with the anti malaria drugs. are you good with that? 39 percent. it doesn't say, i mean in fact, i think the w h o says it needs an efficacy, right? a 50 percent, at least for approval. so are these numbers?

all right. we believed that every life saved from malaria is what the investment i think my person, when combined with my mother called boxes, bring up to 70 percent. is i some terrible? we realize that my linear control, it depends on a ma moment, it to kid that is full of imperfect dogs. and this was what we are advancing us. technology delivers more tools, will keep improving. so welcome the approval to scale up our g. a says box them all of africa because back live that is sued, is a life what city certainly is stuck to helen reese. let me get your initial thoughts as well on those numbers. again, just explaining to i've used the combination of the vaccine and the anti malaria drugs. i do those numbers stack up to you, they acceptable. well,

they certainly do. one of the reasons is that to we need more tools to tackle malaria. you've heard the figures and in the african region a we, we estimate that we're losing about $260000.00 children every year from, from this. but more than that is repeated attacks that often occur in childhood. really affects childhood development as well. so it's not just the desk that we definitely want to reduce in severe diseases, hospitalization, then it's the chronic effect as well. so just bear in mind that if we combine a 70 percent reduction in severe disease is huge, it's, it's, it's a massive step forward because we kind of plateaued with all the tools that we've got in terms of being able to now reduce malarial case numbers. so we needed more i was and this is one of them. ok, so let's build on the idea of that. plateauing with dr. bellas. robert in nairobi. dr. jones is there has been a, a plateauing of that. and also i would note this 6 years,

i think it is of tests and trials that have been going on on this vaccine and, and actually years before that, as well as part of the whole development. is that normal to be taking that long? i sometimes wonder if my covert brain thinks that things should be happening a lot faster now because of what we've been talking about in the last 18 months. yeah, thank you. i think i unknown you to a lot of people are who are not close to maria programming and research and what are where the target are dissatisfied. maddie of action has been regina for the last her thought he has a laker, bay w 2 executive director mission. so the 6 years you are alluding to, is there something better? now vaccine development has been our customer tool. right now we still don't have any charities, roxanne, and their attempts are still being met. so it's not 3 or an expected or, and had of but we're happy the town with good and something at will, can consider to be relatively effective when combined with other existing

interventions. it can you say what has proved so elusive in these 30 years? i know with these a long term projects, obviously, but has there been something which has been constantly, you know, proving to be a hurdle? yet the most did that, maria, causing organism that is the plus modem is a very tricky organism. as a proposal that has a different stages, it can hide in different parts of the body, the blood, and it has a vector phase. so as opposed to other organisms like vs that enter your body and there are, there can be tracked probably in one area. this of this proposal has been or is actually a very adel seems a disease causing the gum and out. we talk about her antagonistic that, to the variable, meaning that her, if you target to 7, and again, our property is in

a few years time at that want to be effective or that won't work. so the problem has been around how do we target the antigens, those, those entities that can be used to induce in unity and therefore fight a disease where one is exposed transaction. ok, then dr. parker, color in a butcher. let me come back to you. tell me about the trials, the places where it's happened, ah, the number of people involved. there was even some controversy as well. the british medical journal was saying last year that they said that the debate, the w h. i was only using implied consent. it wasn't actually getting explicit consent from parents for these trials. how's it all gone? well, the 1st in good lot, love the by latino do boxes in, in gamma and i am in malawi, was i looked at the national immunization system. di by launching was not to try out the state. try us. i've been convicted and buxton proof if it

shows what's the difference, what when a plan almost entered and a trial then? yes, the piloting was to luke, not a feasibility of using existing routine english, a mechanism to deliver these boston and looking at the impact of it was to was negative on the system. and the result is that the vaccines can be delivered to the immunization systemic countries. and it has no negative impact in the system. now that you did disrupt any existing delivery of boxes. so i haven't proven that i learned that the bus news, if it shows a good show did in the journal meeting. just don't say john bit on multiple this advisory group approved the wise co use of this box. and that's why we're excited that it can be delivered through do system. not the another article system, not it can pin it routine immunization system. and we find out that boxing is so, you know, it's a brand on his own because people know my lydia is deliberate effect,

the development of the children products. and they've fall, we found up people on their own. go for the box without much invest, messing in massive communication that is outside the reduced system. so we are excited about some become available huntersville. i don't in boxes and they live i to those children and save the children. not just from those who saw by hopefully from the chronic impact of my list of malaria on development of the children on stunting on, on, on the line shopping for months in schools. right. so you talk about it being picked up and moving forward and actually getting to the people. and that's why i'm really glad we've got helen reese with us today. who's on the board of kathy, the vaccine alliance. from what i've been reading today. it now comes to gabby, which has to decide, and i think it's december, they're expecting to decide about whether this is viable, whether this can be picked up and moved forward. is there any question that it

won't be it? well, i don't want to preem to board discussion. well, what i certainly can share with you is that the coffee board has been this will be the 1st on the coffee board would have discussed the, the malarial vaccine has been following the development of the vaccine. very, very closely at gov is an alliance in the aim of garvey is to support the world's least well resourced countries in purchasing vaccines and strengthening the health systems to deliver vaccines. and in helping countries have all of the bells and whistles that are required to deliver vaccines. call it so gabby has had a huge impact and save millions of millions of lives as an alliance through that kind of support to the, the delivery of many, many different particularly childhood vaccines. so this kind of thing, which is looking at a disease which has really got stuck but is affecting so many children in some of the poorest countries of the world. and is the kind of thing that garvey would

certainly want to prioritize. but obviously in doing that, we'll be talking with the donors who support garvey, to say, how much money have we got? is there a window? can we can this am garvey also depends on w chose recommendations. so yesterday's announcement by w h o is, is a very important milestone in the sort of process towards garvey decision making. but as i say, something like this would certainly fall into a theoretically, would fall into a garvey portfolio. am because their aim is to save lives and particularly in the poorest countries at the risk of oversimplifying. and you did allude to it though, it'll come down to money, won't it? in fact, cato brian, who is the head of the w, i chose department of immunization said, as we've seen from the cove at vaccine, where there is political will, there is funding available to ensure vaccines a scale to the level by unaided. that's what it is in the end, isn't it political? will someone willing to step up and say yes, we have to do this?

absolutely. one thing i would just comment on though is on the coffee board itself, there are a number of health ministers, including ministers from several of the subs. her african countries are gonna, if you know, pia, where you know that this is a problem. and they, they have expressed extremely strong views about the importance of tackling malaria . so i think it's, it's very likely you'd get huge political support from the leadership of countries that have a high burden of malarial disease. but the support we also need is, is the, those, the fill up to fill philanthropic organizations, the bilateral donors, the, the richer countries to come in with the money. and we recognize that we are asking people also to come in with funds for coven vaccines at the same time. so we recognize that there is going to be a, you know, that we're going to have to push very hard to, to get these funds. but certainly in principle the, the don't is that i've spoken to and i've heard speaking,

what would be in principle, very supportive of this, but it's how much money is in the bank at the end of the day. you're quite right here who says, isn't it a bell? is it over in nairobi? i know that the curve 19 vaccine roll out is a very different based and it's a, it's a very different situation. but what i would point out is that the roll out of that vaccine across africa has been incredibly poor. i think we all know that we can all see that. does that concern you when you think about whenever it is wanting to roll out a malaria vaccine to those who need it? the most lessons me to be learned. yeah, definitely serious concerns around a commitment from governments and funders at put men on the table to secure the vaccines. but probably that becoming a bigger problem because of the current problem that we have resources are being used for college and other priorities of revising the economies and all that. so the timing is not really the best if this happened in about 19 a property,

a expectations would be different. but having said that, i think i agree. i agree that the up it, i did the motivation to address malaria as there are, as the public health issue is very, very, where we sit around the world. so if you're doing anything on children, whether you're, you know, safe, whether your summer dog in addition, just addressing the handful of children, you'll definitely need to be part of this. so there's no way cheap are going to look the other way. when we have something that promises to address to one of the biggest kiddos of children on the continent. alpaca calla, can i get your thoughts? i can say i'm quite optimistic. well, good, take good to hear back. i can, can i get your thoughts on the, on the same issue, the idea of, of making sure once the money is there, once the vaccines are there actually making sure it gets to the people because that's the sharp end of all of this. pardon the pun, if this is the most important thing, actually getting it into the arms of people when the time comes and, and,

and the coven situation, certainly in africa showing us that that can be problematic. certainly that's very important. and that was part of that is part of the thing that i look in the ongoing, by a lot in 3 countries. we find out that my little vaccine is being delivered. i the same level as the deputy vaccine or even next sitting in some conference. so we see that people value mallet of acceptable value in it and i'll prevent malaria. malaria doesn't need that much is not because people at the local level, normally, therefore, we optimistic that weight vaccines are valuable with countries adopting the live. i did that says that there wouldn't be much challenges or that on what estrogen. so we are, we are, we are excited. we're optimistic, that distort we get out there, and that lives with folks. let's look at the measures as a whole because yes,

a vaccine is one part of it. and as we've mentioned, there will be anti malaria drugs, which are part of it as well. and then i've done a lot of reading today about mosquito nets and how incredibly potent they are. a dr . parker, a quick thought from you. first of all, about why she may be can just explain to have years, how important and, and, and what a sort of tool these nance are in, in the fight against malaria is psychiatric goodness lied in them implies, ah mosquitoes, in pregnant diligence when they leave, i'll use appropriately, they knock out the most people they have prevent malaria. so these are very effective tools, but in my little we do not have any effect, even in mantas in beth. it's hi how's? it's barely got to about 50 percent if you, casey. so what we're finding is that we are lot unpleasantness. we're not

a bless more diverse chelsea, murray of oxygen. we are adding additional through the government through less use . all of them were applicable unless keep moving forward. controlling malaria and eliminating melinda helen reese. am i missing anything there? are there any other arrows in the quiver when we want her to fight malaria? well, i think one of the things that to this sort of raises again when we were talking clearly about prevention, which is critically important. it's always the 1st to, for any infectious disease. but i think the other thing we should also think about is treatment. because in many of these endemic areas where they've got seasonal malaria and being able to get children into facilities with the facilities able to rapidly diagnose and treat is also extremely important. the same as true for cove it. so as we think about the continuum of how you tackle a problem on very important issue is to strengthen health services to chain health care workers continuously. so they're able to diagnose malaria and to give them the

tools to be able to quickly treat malaria cases. because as we said, this isn't even with all these tools together. these are not the 100 percent prevention tools, so we will continue to see malaria in these and hybrid districts. dr. fidela, do you agree with that? that the needs to be more work done on the treatment side of things and making sure everyone's up to speed. education effectively is under the or a 100 percent. i agree that are all the existing innovations needs to be need to be sustained. and the problem is the vendor ramped up to, to sort over how a combo data will probably know, count moment area transmission events and are from i can add that issue around a bit media and interventions that old just talked about. if you're to use a bed net, your behavior has a lot to do with how effective that been. it will be if you're going to take maria tablets, it depends on how compliant that. but you're personally going to be to be able to

pick that medicine. and, and that, that is really a challenge for all those interventions that are, that have been in use before. so if we have an additional intervention, like the vaccine where if it's put in your arm, probably there's no, we're going to get it out. and there the only hope and prayer is it lists the effect that we deserve. so that's the reason why with things again, gender, because it is going to be really a complimentary additional under a property, a supportive of the existing interventions and from their pirates. one of the things that up come out is that am i, at least from that environment, we've not seen any negative impact on existing interventions. probably that might happen later where people think that what a job and therefore they are safe, they're banned on the existing intervention. and i think that would be the wrong thing to do. yeah. and probably the programming should be a way of that and make sure you said priority messaging issue and as sustainable

a beetle treatment, sustainable a bit of our nets. because we know these interventions have even went at being provided field guides. the ab hidden costs are for example, the distribution of needs in the had it reach areas. how do we trust that people who work in the decision to reach that? what is the village in the district? so what if the things continue walking together? i think we might end up with better results compared to what that what has been happening right now with running out of time here. and i just want to ask one more question and up permission if you don't mind to ask a rather simple question. what about going after the mosquitoes themselves obviously the net help protect from mosquitoes, but is there any way and maybe dr. parker, i'll ask you of targeting the mosquitoes in the 1st place if that's where malaria comes from. actually says he documented a lot to in his styling of the dynamics. so to do similar but in africa we started

mom mode not walk on. we do different one other things to do the friendliest to mainstream or to say grow up which to malaria, meaning involve the non traditional pattern us agricultural sector. the company did the road sector construction. but in my past, all new set boss who's got businesses contribute to moscow, pretty lincoln to sit down with them and see what they can do to. i'm a new rate. did they? did they, did they, did it on is did it effect of the i walk on my little transmission? so yes, we code, but there's an extent there what is the best way to bring in a stick with us together and then work with the communities to see how we work together to ensure that it is a litigation, project integration acquitted, of not lead to the increasing reading size i believe i did is, or who mining waiting on the open mining does not result in bidding size that will

lead to increase my mom, malia transmission. so these are the things we are looking at. we hope that by defense booked on this will bring together the 4 to 7000000 in the countries. we did not have ministries who have a road to play my leader to look at more district response. we love a few countries out looking at that. so does that actual table, but the exactly what we do with the pen available tools. top tense, i pock a color, helen, race a dallas era, but thank you so much for your time today. we've all really learned a lot from this discussion. thank you. and as ever, thank you for watching as well. remember, we're online about 0 dot com, including in the podcast section, where you can now listen to our discussions when, if you'd like. also plenty discussion at facebook dot com forward slash ha, inside story on twitter. we are at ha, inside story, and at come all a j. e. if you want to drop me a line directly on come all santa maria on behalf of the inside story team. thanks for watching the incident.

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and uninterrupted discussions from our london broadcast center. on m 20, blue ah, hello, i am emily ang window her. these are the top stories on al jazeera. the u. s. senate has paved away for a temporary deal to stave off a possible debt default. it's voted to pass a bill to raise the debt limit by $480000000000.00. it will now go to the house of representatives without raising the national borrowing camp. the treasury would not be authorized to pay its bills in less than $2.00 weeks. let's take a closer look at the political and economic situation or significance rather of this so called debt ceiling. this is a limb and imposed by congress.