this dream takes to fight the climate justice to our dis til community and up front . it's hard, demanding environmental accountability. the climate dimension fee a season of special coverage on al jazeera. ah, i'm american and don't hold the top stories out there of the us. i'm french presidents have held us 1st in person meeting since that countries most serious diplomatic dispute in years. joe biden acknowledge the handling of a security agreement with australia and the u. k. was clumsy. we have your order for no more loyal with ally and franchise. it's been with us in the beginning reason in part we came

we did was quantity was done with a lot of grace. i was under the impression, certain things that happened that had been done, but i made it clear ranch, green street. now what's important is precisely to be sure that such a situation will not be possible for all future hunger coordination of congo cooperation. but for me, what's important is that we built during the past week, some very concrete actions, no order to strengthens a partnership. in the hell this clarification between what european defense means and how this is completely compatible with nato. what's your urban sovereignty means and how it's important for global security? the un humanitarian chief is warning that's half of color, sans population is facing starvation. speaking ahead of this weekend's g, 20 summit,

martin griffith's called on the world's most powerful countries to immediately release aid to afghanistan. thousands of people are again walking through mexico, hoping to cross into the united states. unlike previous migrant caravans, monks can authorities and not stopping them in said they are hoping to walk becomes too much and they give up. new york city is braced for a shortage of emergency workers after a vaccine mandate deadline passed on friday. police and firefighter unions of warned large sections of the workforce will go on unpaid leave for refusing to get the job. phil laval has more from washington d. c. there was an ultimatum effect. centrally presented to city workers by the mad build diblasio. similar to those things that we've seen in the private sector over the last few months, right, where they've said he must get vaccinated. all phase consequences. here, bill diblasio said right friday, 29th of october 5 pm. you have to have had at least one covert shot and you've got to be able to prove it. that's a deadline has passed. those members of city workers. so was talking,

police were talking, fire were talking sanitation, you know, the people who collect the trash, look out the sewage, all of them, if they have not been able to show by now that they are back snakes and come monday morning, they will be placed on unpaid leave and this has not gone down very well with a lot of people unions. a saying this is out of order therapy, huge protests against this measure. fulfilled last year. says, you know, this is about protecting people. there being huge protests as i say, but lots of these work is a say, we're not anti facts. we're not the boxes. we've had the vaccine wheel processing, because this is america, it's about freedom of choice. you can't force us to do this because if you do that is the beginning of a slippery slope. so a lot of discussion about this, a lot of anger and a lot of people who potentially may not be able to come on the board that said, you know, the police department in new york. it is a large police department. they say 80 percent of their employees and are vaccinated. they put 1000 jobs into obs yesterday. so they say for them, it's not about a fully anti a precincts. it's about replacing od shift work. his hair on that people have not

been vaccinated. the fire department, it's the largest in the country. the union says a 5th, the fi stations could close. but again, a lot of people just waiting to see how much this will be felt come monday morning . sedans armed forces cheap, a general abdul. further about hon has relieved several diplomats including ambassadors and turkey, the u. e and south africa of the rose. it becomes a comes as tensions escalade after mondays. most activists say that at least 11 people have been killed. brittany, queen elizabeth has been advised to rest for the next 2 weeks. it follows an overnight hospital stay last week. she will avoid official visits during this time bucket palace says the queen is determined to lead the u. k. in commemorating, it's warded on remembered, stay in just over 2 weeks. those are headlines. news continues, hey, on out 0 after campaign against the climate. ah,

georgia. you want to talk to me. right now we're doing a documentary about climate change. well this is simple science look up, the higher c o 2 levels are leading to a greening of the earth. and so i don't know. do you think that's a bad thing? so so multitudes who and deadlock fear is a good thing. but yes, i think so. absolutely. with imagine a world where you can't trust science. let me tell you about a group of men who've tried to convince you, adjust that a group who wants you to doubt climate change.

ah, this is the story about how these men were promoted by the world's largest oil companies. ah, the story of a campaign that has impacted our world forever. oh, this is a scientist from nasa who's come to the american senate with a message to the world. which you here in a moment while you hear it, try to guess what year it's from dr. hanson, if you'd start us off, would appreciate it. okay, thank you for the opportunity to present the results of my research on the

greenhouse effect. the global warming is now large enough that we can ascribe with a high degree of confidence, a cause and effect relationship to the greenhouse effect. ok, this is from 1988. that was when a phone look like this, the internet look like this. and it was when the world realized that climate change had to be taken seriously. that's what side is called the greenhouse effect, and i have a longer all that good mean, devastating changes to all life alter. it's largely a problem of our own making. we're running out of time to bind a solution. scientists predict arise in temperatures that will eventually melt. the polar ice caps forest fires in the west. food riots as the sahara desert spreads. the land of if has been prevented code if a tv exist and to play who defeated in 1988 the you and established the climate change organization i p. c. c. where scientists from the whole world agreed with

james henson with and well cletus listened. those who think were powerless to do anything about this greenhouse effect, or forgetting about the white house and then the evidence is where the damage is being done. we can't just do nothing. this is more than 30 years ago. the only the world was ready to act on global with what something happened at dublin to the seo to counter to the atmosphere will produce a tremendous greening of planetary in the years following james hanson's speech, critics appear on t. v. the theoretical speculations about future warming have no good scientific

basis. we would like critics who question climate change, weight and global warming thing. it sounds like a scam. well, i think you're seeing it now. we told you this was, this is one of them. i spent most of my time in newspapers and magazines, and on tv and radio to argue against climate action against panic, the economy would actually improve if we have a doubling of background. greenhouse gas couldn't improve. well, because we might have a longer growing season. i'm fairly glue, i'm fast on my feet. cool on tv, and i also do my homework. in the years after james henson speech, jerry taylor was hired by the think tank kato, my name is jerry taylor. i'm the director of natural resource studies here at the

cato institute, kato hired people like me, primarily to change public opinion. and that's what i did. there may be some extreme events that occur down the road and we don't know what the chances for that might be. the climate skepticism is entirely dependent upon the promotion of doubt about the underlying science. james, hans and it nasa thinks it's maybe 710121520 percent. other scientists think there's probably more like 0.3 percent denial about the underlying sciences. the critical is the critical juncture that event while taylor takes a sip of water meat mock marano, what i'm going to like, yeah, i'm going to be looking at you can be sitting there. so my job essentially is covering the global warming movement and communicating to the public, the latest findings. if you look at the, the satellite data we're, we actually had no significant warming since 1998. actually no warming,

we've been cooling and recent years. you had a background as a salesman, can just well, that was, i was a door that i worked at the door to door salesman, which is a actually a great background to build narratives in the meat. now, when you only have 1520 seconds, you gotta work on your sound bites and you've got to work on your you're building a narrative to a customer. i. that was a great training ground for being and media and communication. marana is communications director for the committee for constructive to morrow, or c, fact an organization whose focus is on communicating that climate change. isn't that big a problem? so how does it do that time? i believe that the television and the base as you have to make the other person defend their stupid idiotic comments. bill nye say global warming will cause many bad weather events. and guess what? bad weather events happen all the time? and then i also go in with rapid fire facts, bottom line,

we've done the longest period without a major u. s. category 3, your larger hurricane hitting the us since at least 1900, maybe the civil war, bottom line, new study in the journal nature. peer reviewed, no change, and you, i believe in what bill nye just did was waste everyone's time explaining that c o 2 is rising. i believe you should get a crush. you're a little, wait a minute. are you a scientist? i'm not a scientist, but i do play when on tv. occasionally the people don't take positions because they find themselves reasoned into those positions. they take positions that they want to take for emotional or india, logical reason. and then they mobilize their reasoning power to justify taking the positions they want to take. we can ok, and this is jerry taylor's recipe for doing just that. today's a lot of people who don't know what to think about climate change or being told by

people like me. there's a relative non event is the same sort of wolf crime that the environmental movement is done from time to memorial. you know, 1st we were told there was a population bond that was going to wipe out humanity and that bomb never went off and we were told we're going to run out of fossil fuels and agricultural commodities. we're all going to start that never happened. and this is just the latest iteration of the usual story from environmentalists that if we continue to go down laws, a fair capitalist roads, we're going to blow up the planet and destroy mankind. ah, there's something in it pictures, you can't think it's essential to live. and breathe it out, breathe it in. oh c o 2. now some politicians want to label carbon dioxide a pollutant. imagine if they succeed, they call it pollution. we call it life. this

tv commercial is from the think tank competitive enterprise institute, and so is myron evil. it's clear that the earth, his granny and so i don't, you know, do you think that's a bad thing? competitive enterprise institute is a conservative american think tank and myron eagle has its department on energy climate and environment. iron able believes the climate debate started like this. global warming as a political project was initiated in sweden, in the early 19 eighties. they needed a recent, essentially to increase tax revenue. i mean, remember, i think you're aware of this in denmark. the welfare state needs a lot of money and it needs more and more money as it goes on.

ah, all the climate, skeptical pundits you've just met, work for interest organizations and think tanks. think tanks are like the arsenals for the war of ideas. there are the places where ideas are there, weaponized and public policy terms. and then they are vigorously argued and promoted on capital hill and on tv radio. and so kato was extremely influential because it was one of the largest right of center thing tanks of the united states still is had a lot of visibility because again, invested in communications. so taylor is spreading climate skepticism from one of the most influential think tanks in the usa. jerry taylor tells us that his arguments build on calculations from research. a patrick michaels also employed by kato, any one who goes around and says that carbon dioxide is responsible for most of the

warming of the 20th century, hasn't looked at the basic numbers. the climate, skeptical pundits, get bare arguments from a group of climate, skeptical scientists. physicists and climate scientists, fred singer, is behind the organization, science and environmental policy project s e p, p s e p. p is behind the so called leipzig declaration, where some 100 scientist raised doubts about global warming. some 100 a soap climate. scientists actually signed an appeal, put their names down and warned about taking hasty steps against global warming, and global warming was still a and a they phantom problem with global warming. no more. oh, so on one side we have james hanson and

a lot of un scientists. and then we have a number of scientists and pundits who say the exact opposite, facing with ours, that possible bio me arrest. guess harvard professor decided to investigate just that. so in the early 2, thousands, the american media were presenting climate change is a big scientific debate. and that struck me as weird because none of the scientists that i knew thought it was a debate. so i decided to undertake an analysis of the peer reviewed scientific literature. the i p. c. c. had already stated that most of the observe warming was likely to be due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. so i posed the question, how many papers published in peer reviewed scientific literature? this agree with that statement from to answer that question. naomi a rescue is,

looks up, research papers for global climate change. the words appear in 937 scientific papers to arrest his reads them all. and what i found was none. there was no dissenting public publish i to re period literature on the basic question of whether or not men may climate change was happening. and i'm a professional historian of science, so i thought, well, if i don't know this, then probably a lot of other people don't know it too. and so i wrote a small paper in 2004 called the scientific consensus on climate change. that paper changed my life because immediately the paper was published, i started getting hate mail, threading, phone calls, people filing complaints against me to my university. people accusing me of being a communist. a stalinist beraskigy comes on a huge criticism and she doesn't understand why. until she's at a conference in germany,

shortly after over beer after the sessions. one day i was just chatting with some colleagues. i mentioned how this very strange thing had happened to me. and one of the people there was eric conway. i mentioned the name of one of the people who was attacking me, and eric said, well, they only, you know, is the same person who attack shari roland over the ozone hall and he told me this amazing story that i knew nothing about at the time that the scientists who had worked on the ozone hole had been the target of attacks in which people had claimed that there was no ozone hold that the science was wrong, that the scientists were fraudulent, that the scientists were communists. all the things that i was being accused of these great nobel prize winning scientists had also been accused of. and so eric said to me, yeah, when we get back to mark, i'll send you,

i'll send you an envelope with a bunch of stuff. so he sent me this package arrives a few days later and i take out these papers that he sent me and it was like you could take out the word on hole and putting climate change and he could take out the word roland and print rascals and otherwise, it was identical. mm hm. awe on a spring day in 1998, a group of men meet at the oil industry organization. american petroleum institute . with a number of oil companies are represented. companies like exxon. let's say exxon c, e. o. at the time, explain who they are. we are the largest private company in the world. our company

sells a 1000000 barrels a day of products. that's a 1000000000 gallons every 3 days. back to the american petroleum institute, a p, i where some of the biggest players in the oil industry meeting, one of the participants is myron able them, they solicited advice because we had certain kinds of expertise that they didn't have a, it was an industry effort with some help from people like me in documents from this meeting, you can see a clear purpose. victory will be achieved when average citizens understand uncertainties in climate science. and when these uncertainties become part of conventional wisdom, according to the documents, big oil, once the public, to doubt the science behind climate change in. and it wasn't scientists who

invited to the meeting. i'm not an energy analyst expert and i'm not a climate expert i. i have a certain amount of experience in translating a policy into into action. and i suppose that was what they're interested in. be at the meeting of strategies worked out. that paper was lay to leaked and it shows how the oil industry plans to spread doubts about science. ah, i strategy paper describes a national media relations program, which in a different ways will influence the media by recruiting and training scientists. it also explains that they will try to influence journalists. this one john stossel is even mentioned in the paper titled is program chill out because after i researched the global warming scare,

that was my conclusion. we ought to just jill out. mm. the paper from the meeting shows the mindset of the world's largest oil companies. despite the fact that the un, several world leaders and most scientists clearly point in another direction, the oil industry wants to raise doubts about the science behind climate change. me. the strategy paper explains how schools to be influenced by an initiative called national direct outreach and education. ah, many universities like harvard regularly receive funding from private companies. this is a perfectly legal, common practice many prestigious universities. jeffrey superman is

a ph. d. student will join him at a film, screening in 2017 harvard kennedy center announced screening of a film time. and so essentially it will tell you all the and about how for the foreseeable future, we're going to be relying on fossil fuels, how renewables of way off in the distance, not right now, not really reliable. and frankly promoting hoss truths at best. about inevitability of continued fossil fuel usage grange them, what are what we're seeing or right? well with fewer susan's, if you has the permit your home. and surely this is a reasonable film until we dug just a little bit beneath the surface the academic talking heads, the ones that were present to this professor. the universities,

without exception actually will have deep ties to the oil and gas industry from consultancy relationships to running sensors, reliance and fossil fuel funding to literally being on the boards of natural gas companies. and producer of the film was show oil company, the director of the film. he was a v p of oil and gas company that's taking $300000.00 from shallow company. so you see a pattern emerging episodes like the film screening prompted jeffrey superman to write a ph. d with naomi rescues as his supervisor about the connections between the oil industry and academia. let's see what he found out. i have received massive funding from several oil companies. stanford energy department also gets millions from the oil industry. the university denies that sponsors control it's research and on its

website, the university emphasizes its academic independence. but a few lines later, it's described who really decides what research to fund. final decision about funding is made by the management committee, which includes one person from each of the sponsors and the main sponsor. who has a say in what research is funded, is exxon mobil berkeley birthplace of the 1968 student uprising as an energy research center in which the oil company be p as invested millions. according to jeffrey super and b. p has a say and what will be researched. exxonmobil says it funds universities to promote green technologies. and shell tells us that wants to help solve the serious climate challenge. why is this a problem? i mean, if they use their money for doing some research for good,

what was when the very people, the very institutions they're supposed to be solving the climate crisis, a fundamentally reliant on the industry that has the most to lose from their work. that's a pretty big conflict of interest. jeffrey sprint thinks that the many millions are intended to influence students, teachers, and scientists. this strategy come straight out of the playbook, the api i strategy paper also states informing teachers and students about uncertainties in climate change will erect a barrier against efforts to impose kyoto like measures a measure put in place to limit the emissions of c o 2. and that's why in the medical research community, there are a stablished practices there established rules by which one must disclose these kinds of conflicts of interest. many universities used to receive millions from the tobacco industry. but in 2131 universities including harvard, decided not to let tobacco companies sponsor health research. we have nothing like

that in energy and climate. ah, ah 25 years ago. and new year in television news in the middle east began a 2 part documentary series marking the 25th anniversary of al jazeera, telling the story of the channel launch. and now it became a recognized global brand. ah, the story of al jazeera, a unique path november on al jazeera,

all through a year of turbulent weather. well lead us gather in glasgow for crucial summit on the battle against climate change. emmy award winning full lines, goes beyond the headlines, investigating the untold stories across the u. s. millions in ca gast, on both in parliamentary elections under a new constitution. and more than a year after the law, whole trigger, a political, quite immersive personal short documentaries, africa, direct show cases, african stories from african filmmakers, china marks $100.00 days until it host the winter olympics. but how will the pandemic and call for a boycott, impact the sporting events, november on out, jazeera, a fearless mexican journalist, sideline for taking on a precedent. and a corrupt system ruled by a single party for over 70 years. only to then establish an investigative platform, determined to break through a poisonous media landscape in search of justice. an epic saga of truth seeking

and a refusal to be gagged. rating of silence, a witness documentary on out to sarah o. an american into the top stories on al jazeera, the us and french presidents have held their 1st in person meeting since that countries most serious diplomatic dispute. in years, joe biden acknowledged the handling of a security agreement with australia and the u. k. was clumsy, we have no older or no more loyal with ally in france. it's been with us in the beginning reason, in part where we came.