history, the government has declared a natural disaster of the stones are still on the move and officials war and they liked it affects the countries coastline further north. oh goodness. and they look through what i thought it was exciting how pumice from a volcanic eruption in august reached all the way to the western shore of okinawa. but after a week the promise had accumulated up to 50 centimeters. this is disastrous. ah, i know that this is out there on these are the headlines well needed? help leaders have gathered in rome, they'll be discussing global economic recovery from the curve at 19 pandemic. and the united nations chief is also calling them to take ambitious action on the climate crisis or risk subjecting a while to catastrophic outcomes. doesn't matter, get it. james base has more on other issues that will also be discussed in room. one is a deal that's already been done effectively by the g 7 being in the doest by the g

20. that's the corporate tax rates. making sure that multinational companies pay enough tax at a shop around the world for the lowest tax rates. 15 percent minimum tax rate for corporate companies is i think, going to be agreed by the g 20. the 2nd issue on the morning agenda is more controversial and it's due with energy supplies. there are increased energy demands as parts of the world, particularly europe come out of the pandemic and a problem in europe with the winter coming and the big enough energy supplies to go round. the us will soon start vaccinating children between the ages of $5.11. the drug regulation agency has authorized the 5 biotech code the 19 job for that age group. the move was sped by arise infections and the reopening of schools. saudi arabia and bahrain are expelling the lebanese ambassadors and their country is that's after lebanon's information minister criticize the saudi lead coalitions war and yemen. in a video circulating online lebanon's prime minister logic mccarthy is urging the

minister to make the right decision and fix arab relations. the u. s. and the un are calling on sued ons, military not to interfere with planned protests due to start late as a day. there have been regular street demonstrations and a growing civil disobedience movement since the military crew, on monday activists at least 11 people have been killed. on friday, general abdel fossil behind dismissed more ambassadors from their posts, among them, the ambassadors to turkey, the u. e and south africa, politicians and poland have approved the construction of a wall along its board with bell, a rooster stop migrants and refugees from entering. over the past 2 months, thousands of people have attempted to enter the e u. there. the block has accused men sca providing safe passage to the you and retaliation against sanctions. the wall will be a 100 kilometers long and cost around $400000000.00. well, those are the headlines. i'll have another bulletin for you here on al jazeera after inside story tuesday with us fixing longer

ours them shorter deadlines. south korean delivery drivers are literally being worked to death one or one east x cross for dockside of consumer convenience and south korea on al jazeera should stolen african art. the return 3 institutions in the u. k. and france are giving back artifacts. but some say the object should remain in european museums. so who is right? this is inside story. ah hello and welcome to the program. i'm hammer, jim, jim, european institutions like the british museum and the louvre are home to some of the world's finest art. but some of the treasures on display were stolen during

colonial times. experts believe up to 90 percent of african cultural artifacts were taken from the continent. this week 3 european institutions gave back items stolen more than a century ago from nigeria and been campaigners who fought for years to return those objects. hope it's just the start. but others believe the artifact should remain in europe will bring in our guests in a moment. first, this report from how many dress in nigerian capital, a boucher, after nearly 125 years in foreign lands, this stolen bronze statue depicted the head of the king of my judas and she's been in kingdom. is finally on its way home. for more than a century, it's beauty and craft was looked at and appreciated by a privileged view. it has taken companies and communities from white was looted decades to get back this object of immense religious and cultural significance.

on wednesday, the university of cambridge became the 1st institution to return such an addict were all thrilled and seemed to stay alive when the bronze is finally returned home . but were also painfully aware of having deprived it's rightful owners for so long of its presence. and we offer a heartfelt apologies for the historic room. also in paris, president manon mackerel led a ceremony to return a set of 26 pieces of art of votes stolen from france's former colony. been in, in $1892.00 la fontose with icbc, vin france had to act given the fact that 95 percent of the african material heritage is said to be outside of africa. all young people need to take possession of their history to better build their future. there was no reason to condemn the african youth to be denied access to its own history in extra say, the events of the past few days are significant. there's some so the potential now

through these actions for some truth telling it for very even some reconciliation and the reserves. so the significance either of these items really relates to their, by a comic states us that underlying the significance of african arts. but campaign is an activist, also aware that getting all of the stolen artifacts back could take a long time. the k brunley museum in paris hold some 70000 african artifacts. one london british museum has tens of thousands more. while campaign is a happy with a progress in negotiations with countries like belgium, they're less hopeful with others. in particular, they're worried about the fate of looted items in the hands of private collectors. we want to a metal nigerians particularly did or people to see what belongs to them in or objects of far history and cultural import us.

the campaign to returned the been in bronzes and thousands of other artifacts looted during the center. as long colonization of africa has taken a long time, campaigners hope the events of the united kingdom and france this week will begin a process that could see the return of most of africa, st. paul in historic and cultural artifacts. ahmed edris al jazeera of boucher. many countries worldwide are campaigning to get their stolen artifacts. back. mexico recently showcased 1500 indigenous rare pieces that were in european museums . it recovered more than $5700.00 items since 2018 museums and canada have started returning indigenous art including cree beaded hoods made in the 18 fifty's, nearly 2000 aboriginal and torres strait islander cultural heritage items had been repatriated to australia from overseas. who zealand has brought back the remains of $800.00 indigenous people after it created a repatriation program to return stolen mary and morty,

already heritage and india is still battling to bring back historical artifacts that were stolen during its colonial rule and independence. in 1947. ah. all right, let's bring our guests in cambridge, u. k. so nita elaine master of jesus college at cambridge university in princeton, new jersey, chicka. okay. k a glue professor of african and african diaspora, art history at princeton university. and in london, ed cross curator galleries and owner of ed cross fine art, a warm welcome to you all. and thanks for being with us today on in. so story. so need a, let me start with you. jesus college, of course, has become the 1st institution in the u. k. to return a, been in bronze. i want you to talk our audience through just how significant a step that was and what it means to you and your colleagues. well, i think it thank you. ma'am, it is in the world to return

a bronze. it was very, very journey of the restitution, of course began in 2016 when some students noticed that the plaque at the bottom of the the offer was the resigning and all of jesus in 2019. we had them and they were looked at the historical, the legal framework by which the could come to the college 905 and then when i became austrian october, 2019. it was the 1st lived on the agenda for society meeting recently the whole front to ship it from the, from the teacher, the last college to someone who's been there the longest. and it was very unanimous decision that frankly, it was, it was wrong that we had it and it was the right thing to do to get it back to its original owners. so it was very emotional. and i think that the front i thought

right brown's most of the college because i felt like it's when good people get in the room and make a good decision. and good things happen. chicken from your vantage point just how much of a milestone are these hand overs well it's quite tremendous. and a wonderful moment precisely because apart from the specific significance of the return of the artifact from jesus college, it says it very clear and direct precedence for the broader question of the return of been in artifacts that were looted and stolen in 1897. if you saw the news coming out of nigeria in the past 2 days, you would see how important this occasion is for the,

the name people for nigerians, for africans on the continent and in the diaspora. precisely because it does begin the process of amending the criminal acts of that work, treated by colonial powers by expropriating and looting treasures from there is a part of the continent. the been in case, of course, is the most well documented have the most expensive of these acts of looting. but there are several others around the continent and in the home, in the shanty and elsewhere on the continent. so this is a very important moment and i'm hoping that it's only just beginning ed from your perspective. do you believe that this is the beginning of a process that could see the return of many more stolen artifact?

yes, i'm not. so you don't the museum, but they saw from big museum official, but absolutely believe that i think that it's, it's really not tenable in my own personal opinion to, to retain these artifacts that i mean, particularly the and most of them are in that, in that category. artifacts that have extremely dubious, you know, were acquired and most extremely gave it way. so a stolen and in fact. and it's interesting to see how much the dial is shift shifted on this over the last. i mean, i've been in contemporary african are promoting it for 20 years as an english person. and i've seen that the, the sort of understanding of what's, what happened in the colonial periods sort of filtering through to, to,

to more and more people. and it's now it's now very, very compelling that these works are, it's, it's, it's a matter of, i think it's a spirit, it's, you can talk about spiritual things, but it's, it's, it's extremely important for contemporary african arses. i believe that some of these works or, you know, that these works are actually where they should be. and i also believe that people talk about sharing works and things like that. i mean, i believe the ownership personally should, should revert to the original loaners. but i also think there is a case for agreements to be made. so that works can be displayed again for periods of time in the institutions that have safeguard these work over the years, allowing more and more people to see them internationally. but i believe the

principle said than the principal residence, if you like these works, should be back in the countries to which they they, they were taken a senate. i saw your reacting to some of what ed was talking about there. let me ask you, when it comes to the issue of the possibility of returning looted works, is this going to be more of a case of artworks actually being returned or are we going to see more arrangements going forward, where artwork is shared or lint? i think so, i think of them makes but i think it should be the choice of it, but we're particularly with been in bonds in a thank you. that is that to, for my mind oversee, it should be a choice of i do and running. i think that once you realize that once you realize that something is wrong and you don't take them all and imperative this morning, parents are to do the right thing. it has to be returned with no caveats. and so i

think i'm a guy reactive because it used to i'd safeguarding which a in a way is, is because they're in the possession of places. i do think that he's right though in terms of the simplest thing to do and anyway, it's a, it's profound thing that color states it's profound and because we're the 1st to do it. but i think that the simplex of just doing a legal transfer, you know, it's, it's really straightforward. you need to transfer list all the objects that you have and make the transfer of technology and government. i think, well, i know they've been in there playing to build a museum. there's another other plans from other museums as well. but museums are very mature in the, the, the framework where they kind of learn things around the world. and so that the cost of, well we can, we can, we can membrane and we can see each of this all work ministers. absolutely, absolutely wonderful. and revenue. jesus, we have a exhibition charges to can down is, i mean we, we,

we do this with the time galleries. well, you're very, very mature way. but the fundamental thing is that the, the ownership is now beyond is on contestable. i agree with, and i think something it was hinting at which was that is really important for young people to be rooted in their past and to see their past. and in the u. k. in cambridge among then we do the time we want, we want young people to be able to come in and see their past chica. you know, we've been talking a lot about the importance of art and artifacts being returned. i want to just take a step back for a moment and look at the impact of these artifacts being taken in the 1st place. you know, it's been estimated that perhaps up to 95 percent of cultural objects from africa are housed outside the african continent. what does it mean for society to lose so much of that cultural legacy? how devastating is that?

well, i think the best way to respond to that is to imagine if all the so called great museums of europe, where emptied of their collections or how to even begin to imagine the, the, the narrative. the story is the mythologies that have been constructed around this idea of western civilization and kids are taking to the museums to tell them the story of, of, of western civilization, of europe's history. through the works and cultural artifacts that are lodged in, in these museums. and they, you look at what happened with the african continent, the vast systematic expropriation of its cultural heritage. and by the way, one should also pay mind to the other act of expropriation,

which was the age of lindsay. and what that did to the continent in terms of taking away some of the best people and minds and bodies, away from the continent and how that depressed society and culture across the board. and so if you think about the equivalent of that, which is part of what makes it inside the part of how it's society, imagine how it teaches that young and how it construct its present and future. that without the cultural resources that had been there for the in the 1st instance, as part of how the societies developed related with other people, that these are incredible cultural archive. so it's, it's equivalent imagining if you didn't have your great libraries

and culture centers, that is part of what happened to the continent. and so the return of these objects, but sometimes to the original side, sometimes in new institutions. because africa has also evolved well by these are decades of published new forms of charlotte and cultural institutions. the return of these object and re incorporation of them into the new social environments and culturally missions that africa i'm more than willing to publish. in addition to the ones that they have already in existence, that it would mean in terms of social reaffirmation, culturally affirmation of subjectivities and identities of african people, especially in this present age of globalization ad i saw you nodding along to some

of what chicka was saying so i want to give you a chance to jump in, but i also want to, after, you know, we're talking before about how much attitudes have shifted around this particular subject matter. so why has it taken this long to get to this moment? i think there has been a kind of denial amongst european europeans about the slave trade and about colonialism. there's certainly been a denial within the u. k. about the impact of our empower and our colonial history history. so i put it down to denial really and i think it's, it's been chipped away by by sort of academics and activists and rices intellectuals over the years and the last 20 years, what was once a french view is now as a say's is really right. and center doesn't mean to say that everyone subscribed

that, of course, as so many people as unfortunately who are still in denial, but it can't really be avoided anymore in totality. so yes it's, i think it's, it's an i'm nisha problem. and we, we have, we've made, you know, things have moved on. it's really good to see that. i mean it's, we've got a long way to go. but over the last 20 years or so that i've been involved in this, it's changed dramatically and not to mention the growth of contemporary african oss and so on. which in some ways is a reaction. in some ways i would, i would sort of pause it, it was some of it was a kind of reaction away, ironically from traditional african art. because that's what the world thought about when, when you talked about african, was all about traditional and there was

a new, whole new world contemporary african art. and i think what's been going on to clear over the last 10 years, as i see, it is more and more office, you know, really engaging with that with heritage. that's incredible. you know, that she was talking about this incredible richness. that the of the archive that is that, i mean, i think about the office behind me a day to work. he, his house is completely full of traditional amongst other things and traditional african art. so he has created his own kind of museum and bricks, which is his, it's all museum, it's very lance and he feeds all off of this incredible richness and there are many office. obviously there are many artists like i'm delighted to see that. and i think the return of these things will, will kind of will be a hugely significant when it happens. and i really do believe it will. of course,

returning of artworks and artifacts is that that's one issue. a separate issue is presenting the artifacts that are already in many of these institutions in the west . do you think that we're going to start seeing more museums, more art institutions start labeling collections more truthfully? will they start presenting more context about the violent looted past associated with these artworks and artifacts? i think so. i think there's a shift towards that. let me really museums and galleries, spaces and houses and universities. they're all that they all have one shared characteristics, which is their places of learning. and i think that as we kind of move forward, and i've been able to research and, and present a full case, people come denying the past or is just can say, well, this is the truth of this object. this is you more information about it or is the

context for it? i don't think there's anything. there's anything wrong with that. i think that more people are, are beginning to do that, which i think is a good thing to say that we keep referring to the bronze as, as art work. yes, every beautiful. well, one thing that we've, we've realized through this or can with this is that these are spiritual objects. occur in that we had a jesus, a emblematic in the mornings, is a clean mother from the, the one a special family of been in. so it's a, it's natural answers to it. it's a, it's more an object them, but most of them, most of them are so that they have a different spiritual meaning when different people look at them. and which is i think that bring them back, couldn't bring them back to life when the correct eyes are looking at. that's why my case to be keep to work right there much. she can are artists

and campaigners who have worked so hard to get to this point as far as putting pressure on museums as far as negotiating with governments. are they happy with the progress made thus far and what happens next? well, yes, happy is very small, progress is beginning to happen, but make no mistake about it. well, it's just beginning of the, the color as activists, artists, policy makers that are locked in on those question. there's absolutely no going back. as i said, i have in mind american institutions that have largely played the ostrich in the whole affair. all the news,

the way get in these days about risk of african artist by coming from europe. and so you wonder what the americans are doing to be frank? that's probably the next target in terms of insisting that they begin to tell us what they plan to do about these artifacts that are also in the collections and museums. previously we heard that well, colonization was an euro p and in terms of africa. and so this is an european problem. but this is so nonsensical, you know, really crazy argument to make because germany did not look binion artifact, right? they acquired them in the same way that the american institutions acquired them from all kinds of sources when germany is now returning more the 1000 objects that

are in its collections. and so we're all waiting and asking what these are, the museums across the pilot, especially in the united states are going to do about the not that they're keeping because we will not keep quiet about it. it's a new generation of colors and activists that are very clear about addressing these injustices of history. it's more than a 100 years now and it's about time to begin to take them to task. it's no longer business as usual. all right, well we have run out of time. we're going to have to leave the conversation or thank you so much. all of our guests, anita elaine chicka. ok k r glue and ed cross. and thank you for watching. you can see the program again. any time by visiting our website or dot com and for further discussion, go to our facebook page. that's facebook dot com, forward slash ha inside story. you can also join the conversation on twitter. our

handle is at ha, inside story, for me, how much of room and a whole team here, bye for now. in the next episode of planets as to where the head of the upcoming un climate conference will be heading deep on the ground and up into the air. get a new perspective of the changing face of the coal mining industry. empowerment will report on illegal logging in romania and explore how catastrophic wall flies in greece since created new problems that all feed into the destructive cycle of extreme weather. join us for planets as well as on al jazeera, november on al jazeera, all through a year of turbulent weather. wild leaders gather in glasgow for crucial summit on the battle against climate change. emmy award winning full blinds,

goes beyond the headlines, investigating the untold stories across the us. millions in ca, gustavo, both in parliamentary elections under a new constitution, and more than a year after the lat. pole. trigger. a political, quite immersive personal short documentaries. africa direct showcases african stories from african filmmakers, china marks 100 days until it host the winter olympics. but how will the pandemic and cause for a boycott impact the sporting events november on out jazeera to many have been forced to flee their homes escaping violence. conflict and poverty. but in the last decade, weather related crises have become a primary trigger for the displacement of people as droughts, hurricanes and floods besieged communities. fort lines travels to the front lines of the climate crisis in central america to see how it's appending lives, and fueling migration exit on doors. a climate in crisis on al jazeera,

ah, knowledge is here. wherever you are, oh, i climate change and the economic recovery from the corona virus, the high on the agenda with the g. 20 need a summer getting underway in rome. ah . hello there, mr. payne, this is alger there at life, and also coming up us drug regulations authorized a loa joyce cobit 19 vaccines. children aged between $5.11,

saudi arabia expels the lebanese ambassador kingdoms response to being accused of aggression and the yemen. wor.