a quarter of a century has passed and what was once described by former gyptian dictates austin mubarak as a tiny much box, is now a global media empire whose flame continues to burn as a beacon of free press in a region that has never needed its more jamal i shall al jazeera doha and on the next edition of out 0 world, you can see part one of a 2 part documentary series marking our 25th anniversary. the story of al jazeera, a unique path, 20100 hours gmc today, monday. the 1st of november ah, at how fast they are, these are the headlines world leaders meeting at the g 20 summit in rome of agreed to keep global warming at 1.5 degrees celsius, but they weren't able to make a phone commitment on how she to achieve the net 0 carbon emissions by 2050. so

attention now turns to the cop 26th climate summit. the head of the world meteorological organization is morning. the planet is heading into uncharted territory. these make up, you claim been in climate will continue for the coming the gates anyhow. so we will see more of the climate, 30 lady jealousies, and the bad news is that the have all reeves such a high concentration of carbon dioxide that the melting of laziness and snow and ice and sea level rise will continue for much longer time, full for the coming hundreds of years, yet, man's information minister says how the rebels have killed a number of civilians in the city of marine. he says 29 people were injured or died in an ass strike. this is after saudi state media reported the saudi led coalition and killed at least 218 who these and murray been just the past 3 days. the un has urged sedans generals to reverse the take over of power. this is just a day after hundreds of thousands of people rallied to denounce the military rule.

for the 1st time in 18 months fully vaccinated australians have been allowed to return home without having to quarantine. it was scenes of joy at sydney airport. his loved ones embraced strict border restrictions in place. since the start of this pandemic has left many australian stranded overseas, the white house press secretary gen saki is tested positive for coven 19. she is the highest ranking official at the white house to publicly disclosed contracting the virus thought. he says she has not had close contact with president bonham. since wednesday, lucky is vaccinated and says symptoms of miles when the large groups of motorists crowded hate. his field stations on sunday is the country's crisis shows no signs of eating the shortages of forced several businesses to close. this is the result of a port blockade by coalition of powerful criminal gangs, demanding millions of dollars and the resignation of haitian prime minister ariel henri. after that, the headlines on out of the era,

this rises next. if america held up a mirror to itself, what would it see in a sense, race is the story of america. what's working and what's not? a lot of people were only talking about this. it wasn't at the top of the agenda. if america can handle multiple challenges on multiple frauds, we need to go back to school. the bottom line on al jazeera, ah, the explosion of plastic waste across the world threatens the very survival of light on our planet. every year, up to 12000000 metric tons of plastic and to the ocean from poisoning marine life

to lecturing landscapes and cloaking waterways. plastic waste in the environment is set to trickle in the next decade. the problem is so vast, it can seem overwhelming fit by re imagining this waste as a resource. we can begin to redress the balance. i'm donate kenya in cameroon, where a young entrepreneurs turning the tide on plastic waste by building bolts to bottles . and megan the cub in the u. k. well, one company is tackling a re key plastic problem boss making unique, unsustainable products in the process. ah, hearing camera ruins, economic capital to wireless. the scale of the country is plastic problem is painfully clear. plastic waste is clogging up the street and rivers up cameron's major cities polluting waterways threatening marine ecosystems making life

especially difficult for local fishermen. mm. it's estimated that across the city of to wanna $1300.00 tons of plastic waste is generated every day. so much of it is thrown into the cities rivers. you can't see any trace of water. ah, i've never seen anything like this before. i don't even know how you begin to fix the problem. this big is no doubt. this is a major challenge of a city, but one local man has made it his mission to deal with it had on his name is ish mile is. so it's like i said to me to let them resume that. i mean, it's quite a place to meet, i must say. so is this normal here in dweller? oh, you know so sad. what is that you have ordered black, that's our troy way by b boy, news we in the household. and then you have the river,

the water that call it all the ways that club these bridge. and then you have the ball solving with your car until the are part the river. and you can see that plaza back before am of educate of how to money dealt with. so unfortunately, it's normally, it's overwhelming to see this that you don't find it overwhelming. why do you see this? and think that this is something you want to take on for yourself. i realize that all the river a full blast, no one gay. no one's there. what is this an hour shoak to see that? so i decided to do something. and what i've been that i grew to boys shooting people myself by showing the way through. ishmael began in initiative to clear up the waste from all to well as 10 choked rivers. he calls his company dba and nature, meaning water in nature, in the local,

sour language. he recruits a team of 30 volunteers and today i'm giving them a helping hand. but it quickly becomes clear to me what a tough job the since we're standing on this board because much of this looks like a bed of plastic. there's actually a river underneath it. so it's not very stable. it's very hot and very humid here. so when you have this amount of waste in water, of course, it's called mosquito than other kinds of water born diseases. and there are people who live all around here. so this is not just an environmental crisis. it's a possible health crisis as well kind of theory of with the work you're doing here is amazing, but there are so many bottles and it feels like this is just a demo. and it's really only individuals like you who are taking it on there is no city wide plan or nationwide plan to tackle this enormous problem. no, no,

sire grooms is burned here in charlotte obligations her are the problem for the priority. so people are, we're no one's care about enrollment. this is the most urgent problem. so we need to check with each mile doesn't just see all this plastic as waste. he sees it as a valuable material and an opportunity to do good. he turns bottles into both for the regions, fishing community and it all happens here inside his workshop. ah, bottle yard this is for is our workshop is see my house here. so i'm here with some of the 2, and we try to finish of all each mouse both built using traditional techniques. who taught you how to do it? you know, i'm for mood fishing community and my dad fisherman. oh wow. so when i was young,

i was fishing with my dad. this technology i just adapted to the blessings bottles . so is that why this idea came to you? yes, because the portion of the river and now you cannot catch fish because the fishing area is full of glasses. so i've got to hug not only the cleaning the rivers, but also to provide support. because it is not easy in the villages for someone to buy a symbol boy. so now it build schepers echo both that could be useful. so we have part of our seats done what's next to you on breakfast? yeah, i'd love to try to do that. so we tie with not so bad at ya. it is a little scary to think that what we're putting together, someone's actually going to be sitting on out in the water. so i feel

a little bit of responsibility to not mess this up. i proud of my handiwork, i hear you, but it isn't so bad it once he's built the frame. ishmael ties it to the base and then he adds in the scene. ishmael has built 37 boats to date, given that it takes 650 bottles to build one that's over 24000 bottles. removed from to wall is rivers and put to good use. so how much does the cost to make about like this with material oil? remembering simple, you just bought us the rest is your dad ah, the booth take just a few hours to build and they're so lightweight, easily transported to the ocean. it's a 3 hour drive to nearby. creepy li ish mount is the boats to local fishing.

traditionally made fishing boats can be extremely expensive, but even so, when is my 1st started giving away his e commerce, it was easier said than done. these look very different to all of the local fishing both that we see what was the reaction from the local community when you brought these here the 1st time for that that they wasn't sure it will never go in the water enough that when we went to the water before you, if it is walking and then they start new to try to understand and try to see if you go fishing with these one. the real truth, of course, is in the floating. they've got tested out as good as it. ok. you lead the way with it was a bumpy entry, but just feel so much better and feel say, well,

i don't feel and safe in any way. i feel really comfortable fishing and want to be what a great idea. i missed so many possibilities of what he can do in the future back in at the same time. we enormous issue a plastic waste in cameroon. what an incredible young man that, that was really fun. now we know the bo to see where the we're delivering it to the latest. happy customer was going to test it out on a nearby lake. i mean, oh, really, this is gonna be for sure. good to meet you. what do you think of your new boat and the cabinet with

how do you think having this new vouchers gonna change things for you? for one per month. awesome. you said you, the app will work if it, if, if you could, but would fill up us with alopecia who argument grandpa corporate services. so maybe their accessibility and affordability of eco, both will be something that convinces people to give them a try. where give you more, please, if they ship them off, so with some larger will, could it be shaky not, but it might be that will who will who forcefully leading to the mean. wonderful. also for you to learn your or vision. if i me see, when i tried out, you know, let's see how it works with how do you feel about camille reaction to his very own?

he commodes a hobby to see that i can make the ones my so one get hope that may be his condition. would be better, maybe he can have more income to his family. since he started in 2016, the growing success of his ico both hasn't spied ishmael to do more. it's his ambition to clear up cameroon. and that begins with the country's 1st battle recycling scheme. ah wow, this is the echo bean i called in his mid auto store 155 plastic or an equivalent 1000 voters. so this is a place where people can come and bring their castaways. this is the starting point of excited you. doily install is stored in system of plastic waves in grammar. so the idea of this echo been what you're trying to do here. where do you think you can grow to? we wonder why to be let go of an example. in that regard,

we em to supply record in areas of draw out of all the corner in front of all the show is supermarket this cool. so it will be easy to come and pick up the wave, recycle that. so that is the vision where we wanted were there, but how the which there is not is despite the challenges. ishmael has even bigger plans for the future by producing battle made furniture. and by educating the next generation figure you show very liberal, then we pick on club. what is your bus that goes with it to junk on? got to be live going. who should you go? there to john, it's a legacy to take care of environment sticky of our planet ender to clean our cities. it's an inspiration to me that even in this global see of plastic one person really can make a difference with

for environmental campaigners. the global issue of plastic waste is now so serious it has risen to the top of the agenda. they believe we must rethink our whole approach to the material. the scale of the plastic problem is huge, admits over 300000000 times a year. plastic packaging itself is 78000000 tons year. 32 percent of that leaks elton's environment. some of the biggest producers of plastic packaging in the world produced $3000000.00 tons a year. so was that one producer changes the way they make plastic? that is a massive change globally. even the biggest producer plastic packaging in the world can't fix this on their own. this is about every one competitors alike. organizing around a system that can be regenerative and restorative. if you look at our current economy, it's predominantly linear. we take a material out the ground, we make something out of it and then the majority of that material gets thrown away

. we have a growing world population. we have more and more pressure on resources. the system we have to day cannot run in the long term. we need to shift that economy to be one that uses materials, rather than using them up with an, a circular economy, right from the beginning. you build the economy, so you design outweigh some pollution. you keep products cycling within that economy for as long as possible, and then you look at regenerating natural systems through the biological materials to feed into that economy. so effectively, the straight line turns into a circle to build out circular economy for plastic, she need to go right to the beginning of the system. we need to redesign the way we think about plastics. the way we design plastics and the way we use plastics. so we need to eliminate the plastic that we don't need. we need to innovate for different forms of plastic, which are 100, percent recyclable. and we need to look at how we circulate plastics, designing a system whereby that material is collected has value, and feeds back into the system. the thing that motivates me the most about the future is there is a massive opportunity to redesign our global economy. if we redesign the economy,

so it's circular, not only will we build an economy that can run in the long term, but it will unlock trillions of us dollars recommend opportunity. and it will effectively decouple economic growth from results. constraints are mm. fast pollution is the hot topic in the world, environmental issues, but damage that it causes is long lasting and wide ranging. but was there is a growing consciousness of the problems that passed it caused. and you might even be doing things yourself to solve it. there is one problem that is be hiding in plain sight. every year we chew our way through 374 trillion pieces of gun. what you might not know is that chewing gum is essentially like doing this piece of plastic, but was chewing gums, and bubble gums are older my from oil. in fact, gum is

a very similar material to latex bicycle in a cheap. and every year we chuck away $100000.00 tons that globally much of it, straight on to the floor. gum is 2nd only to cigarettes of the world's most lifted items across the globe. we spent $25000000000.00 on gum every year. and demand is predicted to rise to $48000000000.00 in 2025. it is estimated that 92 percent of pavement in london have chewing gum stock on them. with 300000 pieces. estimated to be on august history and leg it's up to a small army of workers to clear it up. i'm 70 miles southwest of london in winchester to find out what damage gum can do. ha

o councilor, john warrick, is in charge of keeping the city streets clean. how much of a problem is gum in winchester? they estimate the every year councils in britain spending more than $60000000.00 pounds a year. just clearing up gum, that's insane. it's taken me back a little bit, actually, that's a huge figure and, and what could use that could be put to, rather than just being a spank collecting up waste offer. mm hm. of course is really only one way to get a tree flavor of the gum problem on our streets. i count so operations manager darren lewis is shameed the race a bit further back. yeah, i got a better angle on it. right. i see it by the way. yeah. maybe a little more likely to do that. yeah, yeah. it's very much like a groove. uh huh. coming out with it's gonna be quite

a satisfying job. it's phyllis. much tougher must have respect for the guys doing that. so with no one is gum is removed, it usually ends up in a landfill. as a plastic gum isn't biodegradable and will never decompose. but i've heard about an ingenious new initiative is not only keeping the sticky stuff off the pavements, but turning it into something useful. coffee cup. i think the most impressive thing about them, they're actually made out the recycle during gown river. i knew you could recycle that one by here. yeah. it's quite impressive, isn't it? yeah. and seriously. oh, wow. okay. so when they 1st came out, then what were you born? i thought it was a bit of a joke to me on it. i just couldn't believe that this could be made out of people's material. just makes a big oh that so on which unit is disgusting. but that when you realize that it's

been for a beating pars estimates completely sanitary is just really inspiring. what can be done with chewing gum? the cuts are made from a gum based material could gum tech. here at winchester university, the raw materials for the cops are collected all the campus and distinctive bright pink bins. dec hold gum shops and inspiring ideas from design and abilene high. you must be honest. hi, nice to me. i nice me too. so these must be your bins. tell me a bit about them yet. these are the gum drop bins and they all been specifically for the despite of waste chain come me i do is is that somebody can come along pop there, use chewing gum in there. once it's full, the whole thing comes back to us and we recycle it and we can actually recycle 3 new gum drops out of one full gum dro, based on a closed loop recycling process. okay, so why gum all the solutions out there at the moment?

all address gum later, once it's already been dropped, there is nothing out there that was that she addressing it from the front end. so i saw a gap in the market for a product like this and also a way of tackling behavioral change when it comes to gum knitter and giving people as a positive way to dispose of their change. so how does gum end up in a coffee cup? in anna has offered to show me the price is in action at the gum dropped factory in worcester. so once we get the full gum dropped, been back, that goes through the 1st part of the process, which actually size reduces it. okay, you can actually see the gum truck brand has been crushed up yet in the all the other letters that are in there long will you learn chewed, chewing gum, chewing gum without a cupcake wrapper, cake, orange bill. it then goes through the 2nd phase, which separates the gum drop in the chewed gum and the other ways. we then take this mix. yeah, we then mix it with alpha recycled materials,

which get heated and compound it to produce these palate which go on to rush. you make it better than you gum drop in only cycle stuff again. the gum tech material can be molded into a high range of products, not just cox, but stationary key rings, boots and shoes. cow, nicole, this is some of our products that we have at the moment. okay. oh, introduce you to the the gum she 1st. this is actually really fun project we had with stunning collaboration with accounts in asked i wanted to highlight the amount of gum letter of sasha on the streets in amsterdam sales. see, the sol here is actually a map of the style that we looked hat am. the gummed up story continues to great. there are now some 650 comes up locations across the u. k,

from train stations and city centers to echo, i'm schools. i'm with new interest in europe and the usa. anna has global ambitions for the company, and it's ethos. and working more publicly. there's definitely something that we want to do because that will say board and the, the awareness and the message around behavior change. and what we can actually do with, with the recycle, change them. we're at the university of winchester where the gum dropped. charles began, they employed a scheme to design, to do more than just keep gum off our streets. as well as installing the gum drops . they also gave away the 10000 reusable gum based cups. the scheme inspired a paradigm shift in attitude to waste and letter environment officer lis harris was behind introducing gum job to the campus. now, how much of an effect have these cops had all the sale of plastic and general kind

of coffee cookies? today we have saved 85000 disposable cups and being used. there are now $10000.00 b cups and circulation. and we have just committed to eliminating single use plastics by 2022. so the cops are really good stuff in the right direction. i think it has really capture people's imaginations because what was quite nice that we could link it to the chewing gum re fight playing when why haven't your coffee or how things close to the these gum drug bins have started a chewing gum recycling craze, but it's much more than that, it's about changing people's behavior. and people like anna are inspiring people to think about the way that he's single use products on which is so critical. if we're going to be able to reverse any of the current worrying environmental trends, boom,

entrepreneurs across the globe, a turning their attention to the plastic menace. in september, 201824 year old dutch inventor boy and slat, launched an ambitious operation to use a giant boom on the ocean's natural currents to clean up the pacific giant island of plastic waste, known as the great pacific garbage patched. 2 months later, a crack in the system forced the prototype back to port, but the team was still able to collect terabytes of data and over 2 tons of ocean plastic waste. they report they'll soon be ready to re launch. but what can we do with all the waste plastic we collapse in the u. k. one inventor has found a clever way to plug caught holes with a new road material mate and pot from waste plastic. and in the philippines, a 15 year old school boy undertook to tackle the country's plastic bag problem.

with a buy degradable variety made from coconuts with clever ideas like these. we may just be able to stand the plastic type after years of over grazing the damage caused to the precious grass lands, a chilling is being reversed with one of the world's biggest ada conservation projects. they're pretty emblematic out of the pedagogy and if they're plentiful and they're calm like this one is, then you know that the system is coming back and that they feel no strand. and that's why you're high for re wilding patagonia on al jazeera. gotta one of the fastest growing nations in the world. wow. the cause of needed to oakland and development school direct international shipping company to become

a p middle east and trade and want a skillful enough 3 key areas of develop who filling up from it. so connecting the world connecting the future while in the cost cutters gateway to whoa trade. in the vietnam war, the u. s. army used to heidi talks to cover side with catastrophic consequences. agent orange was the most destructive instance of chemical warfare a decade later, the same happened in the us state of oregon. these helicopters flying over the ridge brain something they didn't even see the foot 2 women are still fighting for justice against some of the most powerful forces in the world. the people versus agent orange on al jazeera. when the news breaks, when people need to be hunt country was founded on bloodshed with exclusive

interviews and in depth reports. if the families that are teaching each other, how to search, not really the authority, al jazeera, has teens on the ground, liquid rock, big shot up into the air as well as chemicals. being released to bring you more award winning documentaries and lied nice. lou gee, 20 late is agreed to take stronger action to tackle climate change, but fail to set the specific targets. and so the stage is now set for cop $26.00 way governments. a warning, this is their last chance to avoid climate catastrophe. ah, hello, i'm come on santa maria hearing.