cobble, the 4 year old girl has been reunited with her parents almost 3 weeks after she went missing in the australian outback. cleo smith was found by the police in a locked house, almost 100 kilometers from where she disappeared. she was asleep with her parents in a tense, in remote western australia. when a mom and dad woke up, cleo was missing, sparking a nationwide search. a man has now been arrested. ah exactly half past the hour. these are your top stories so far the u. n. has found evidence that all sides and ethiopia to gray conflict of violated international human rights, and some man to war crimes and crimes against humanity is reports as the year long conflict has been marked by extreme brutality. surveillance integrity had been subjected to brutal silence and suffering, the joint investigation team and cover numerous violations and abuses including

awful killings and ecc, shall execution, torture, sexual and gender race bayless violations again. so if you tease and force displacement of civilians, the u. s. has added the is ready, spyware, company, and our so group are russian software company and 2 other foreign businesses to its entity list for threatening cyber activities. the move restricts their ability to access american products. more than 100 countries adjoining the u. s. and the e u to cut methane emissions by 30 percent by the end of this decade. it's the 2nd big commitment from the u. n. climate summit in glasgow after pack 2 and deforestation. also by 2030 algeria says 3 of its nationals have been killed and a strike that is blaming on morocco algerian state media. today's seeing the attack happened on the border between western sahara and mauritania. video posted to twitter does appear to show to bombed out trucks in the sahara. morocco hasn't made any comment as yet. israel has got electricity in

a number of areas in the occupied west bank. the israeli electricity company says is taking action against the palestinian authorities, failure to clear a $100000000.00 debt. the blackouts affect areas near jerusalem ramallah and bethlehem hospitals and other essential facilities will continue to receive power. the diplomatic follow continues between australia and france. aft refilled multi $1000000000.00 submarine deal. the french ambassador to australia has accused camber of quotes, intentional deceit when it canceled the agreement, australia signed up to a security packed with the u. s. and the u. k. instead, under that deal, australia will get its 1st nuclear powered submarines. prime minister scott morrison has denied lying about his intentions. the stream is next. how a has and he is. are from 15 g. we're all back with another news are from 10 g tomorrow. we'll see that, but if america held up a mirror to itself, what would it see in a sense, race is the story of america what's working and what's not. a lot of people were

only talking about that. it wasn't at the top of the agenda. if america can't handle multiple challenges on multiple fronts, we need to go back to school. the bottom line on al jazeera i, us, i, me okay to day on the stream lea unpack the controversial practice of carbon offsetting is while a company or a country tries to counteract the greenhouse gases that they were meeting by funding the reduction of emissions elsewhere. it sounds pretty simple, right, but he's a little bit more complicated than that. so many issues to talk about. let's stop at the stuck home environment in situate. so the 1st thing to keep in mind about carbon offsetting is that the world cannot offset its way out of climate change. companies, organizations and countries need to focus 1st on reducing their own emissions.

second, a lot of the challenges with carbon offsetting arise because so many buyers are focused on achieving carbon neutrality or net 0. we missions for themselves and i think we need to move away from this idea. think less about achieving your own net 0 and more about where you can contribute to global net 0. last, what derek has to say, let's see what i guess have to say hello ma'am. hello, yes. hello, she, she, they get to happy. mary, please introduce yourself to i international audience. my name is mary, are fun. i am a science reporter of box and i focus on climate change. yet to hattie yet say hello to international audience. tell them who you are and what you do. hello everyone. my name is sierra. i am currently in the executive director of greenpeace in south asia. and i like almost a recovering climate negotiator. i was a chief negotiator for the philippines for many years. thank you. yeah,

i had this conversation, isn't he triggering for you? and i that c t nice to have him. please introduce yourself to ass stream audience. anyone and i'm see to eddie and i am the chief of staff of the office of fossil energy and carbon management at the united states department of energy. right, gas, i'm gonna put you to work straight away. there are certain phrases that already popped up into this conversation. we have them all the time when we, when we use the climate crisis as a, as a point of discussion, i'm going to get you to unpack them in 2 sentences or less. let me start with next 0 mat you take nexium, right? sure. net 0 is the idea that you can achieve greenhouse gas emissions that are zeroed out so that when you produce something, you compensate for it in another place or in another way. hobbin neutrality, c t short as so carbon neutrality is that state of being at 0. and so as in mary said, when you try and compensate for something, when you reach that state, it's called hybrid vitro. thank you so much and carbon of sense. yep. you say that

one? yes, carmen outstanding is about, you know, paying for someone else to reduce or remove the carbon that you produced while you continue. in fact, i'm putting it in the atmosphere and i like, i like it to some one going to church on sunday so that i can go being sinful from monday to saturday. i say yes as go our conversation truly study. there is the debate. if you're new to bright, now the comment section is open for you. we are asking about carbon offsetting the you and climate conference is happening right now. how can you, how can carbon of setting, how can it help our global climate emergency? can it help our global climate emergency your thoughts right here, and hopefully i'll be out to put them on to the show. all right, so i'm trying to think of how carpet offsetting might work. and for that, i went to a company called cool effect. they've got different areas that you can look at.

we've got air travel, driving accommodations cruising, and they tell you how much carbon you're using up. so let's take a flight. let's take a flight that's going to take us 7 to 9 hours. we're using $1.00 tons of carbon, and that if i wanted to pay for that, that is $15.50. i have offset the carbon or have i a mer it really depends on the quality of the offset that you're using. and that's the main contention here, not all offsets are created equal and it really depends on the level of accounting and the level of accountability that you have for that offset. and so generally i tend to be very skeptical when someone promises that degree of precision. so the saying $1.00 tons can be compensated by spending $15.30 or something like that. so there are mechanisms that are a little bit more controversial, things like ecosystem restoration. things like restoring forest to the idea is if

you re plant an area of degraded forest as it grows over time, it takes in carbon dioxide and stores it such that your total balance is 0. and that's really controversial for a number of reasons, not the least of which is that it's really hard to keep track of. and many of the offsets that we've used so far have failed to produce results, what they're actually measure. so i'm looking at the co business of common offsetting right now, and i could pay money. i could pay money right here on the show to somebody to offset my the way that i'm moving around the world and maybe using up carbon open jason carbon i should really say, is that an ethical issue with that? so you can use that. sure. i think it really depends again on the quality and location of where these offsets are happening. i think, you know, we really need to pay attention to the global south and understanding kind of where some of these projects lie. i think when we, when we think about our project happening somewhere in the global south

understanding that we're transferring the liability of those emissions elsewhere is, is deeply problematic. and so we really need to evaluate, you know, what we're taking into account and how these projects are being managed and how they're affecting communities, where they're located. i want to play to wrap jody manning. she's the vice president and director of partnerships cool effect. i was just on her website just a moment ago. would you have a listen to jealousy and then respond to her premise? his yes, we do believe the reducing emissions is absolutely the most important piece of d harmonization. however, every business and individual, regardless of how much they reduce, we'll still have emissions that are unavailable. and that's where high quality carbon offsets can come in as a useful tool to help people reduce their emissions and compensate in a way that is actually benefiting those. and local communities,

a high quality carbon asset and presented with price transparency and is fully monitored and scientifically verified. can be transformative to a local community. yes, i think i heard a lot of things i wanted to hear in terms of how i'm going off since my network and i think the quality of those all since it includes of course the verifiability of those offsets. but i still think that the, it's a, it's a, it's a tricky business because what, what, what we're dealing with here is the climate emergency. and there's just basically no time last time, not enough time for us to indulge in offsets. when, when the real things that needs to be done is it's absolute, the emissions reductions offsetting in this particular case. even if they're high quality, all sense. it's a big distraction from what needs to be done and where the would be escalating

impacts of climate change. there's just simply no time for that. america ahead. well to pick up on that point. i mean the, to the definition we gave earlier about net 0. you know, absolute reductions or the contrast in point to that. so net 0 is where you emit and then compensate for it. whereas the absolute reduction is where you stop emitting in the 1st place. and as you have said, that you know, that is the most beneficial thing to do. it has a lot of co benefits. so if you prevent c o 2 from going into the or you also reduce local pollution. but also because climate change is a problem, not just in space, but in time, that means that you know, the actions that we take now will resonate for decades for centuries. and so that's why you need to have upfront emissions reductions. and that's the problem with offset is that it can delay those upfront emissions reductions. i'm sure i'm just wondering, does the science actually, what is a science? they're always still debating the science. i think we're having trouble to really understanding the accounting and so you know,

from the perspective of the us government and from department of energy, you know, we think that anything that can be carbonized now should be any non fossil option should be chosen where that's feasible i mean, the tricky part here is when we think about these hardest city carbon dissect ation, shipping. and how we really think about what that 0 means in the context of those sectors that might not be able to hit 0 emissions at that time. and i think that's when carbon dioxide removal comes into play to really address those hardest pieces . but i really agree with the point that for everything we can to carbonized now we should and i don't think that means for a specific business. i think that means economy wide and we have to be really careful about not looking at individual companies and allowing them to, you know, not to carbonate what they can because offsets are available gas help me on sun, what we could de carbon eyes. now if we had the will to do it, she, she, you stop, what can we do now? immediately?

i mean of, if you look at a natural gas power plant, you know, we can put carbon capture in storage on that plant. that power plant should not be buying offsets elsewhere too, you know, quote unquote counter balance those emissions. now when you, but i think you're the contrast there is if you look at something like ation. now you can think about sustainable aviation fuels, but those might not be, you know, deployable by 2050, you know, throughout the whole sector. and that's something that we will need to offset to, to get in your 2050. what can we do carbonized now? absolutely. now today, this small, this year, yeah, l them, the biggest sector that needs the carbon is ation is the electricity production sector. and that happens to be the biggest culprit for climate change. so we need a massive rapid transition. and the carbonite seeing all, all electricity, our plans and the transport sector definitely comes in 2nd. so the transition is

happening. it's exciting. and we need to embrace it better. whether it's new technology that allows us to move people in good in the more environment friendly way in a climate been to a or, or my transport systems are making this more livable and lovable. we have to do that. that is an imperative way that we find that crisis making for putting so much on on this issue. i'm just looking here at a headline from the guardian newsheel and plan to have greenhouse gas emissions criticized as an accounting trick. i, i'm still sort of on the fence whether carbon of setting is a scam or not. like paying someone else to do your how work. so you have it done. yeah. what have you. right, and that is the contention, especially when we're talking about climate change as a global issue. we know that for instance, some countries have contributed more to the problem than others. but the countries that stand to suffer the most from rising average temperatures are the ones that contributed kids to the problems to countries like of that are islands or on

coastal areas that are vulnerable to sea level rise. they didn't really cause this problem, but they stand to suffer from it and seen wealthier countries like new zealand like the united states, effectively by their way out of the problem, you know, fundamentally propagates that injustice. and so that's why a lot of as advocates and activists are very critical of this, that these wealthy countries have the resources and should be targeting absolute reductions 1st before they start doing these offsets. and that's really where they need to prioritize. and that's where they should be scrutinized 1st. i'm just looking at some of that the conversation on each of i'm going to share it with you yet. i start with you. a sammy says this is an elitist scheme. the pool will pick up the burden and the wealthy corporations and countries will get away with anything yet thoughts. oh, absolutely. this is not justify on this issue. it's, it's way beyond anesha accounting and technical feasibility. if he's at its core a justice issue, why as a mirror correctly pointed out, the climate problem is

a problem that is here because of the emissions mainly from the industrialized nations. and now they're asking for nations to host all of these offset being projects. and these injustices are, in fact magnified and deepened by a central flaw, also allows the biggest polio 30 on earth for the late and distract from reducing their own emissions. and while we celebrate, you know, the most significant feature of the various agreement when countries agreed that we would want to keep both temperature eyes below 1.5 degrees collecting shared mission. but what they're, what we're seeing now is thousands of companies announced all of these net 0 nan, 0 plans, but their failing to grass the enormity of the transformation that the strict barn . and this is not just about the emissions per se, but the climate crisis is offering us an opportunity to transform the economic

order. and we're failing to see that a camera thought see she chain from, from new chief over one says of that scam, all the scabs around right now. i mean there are and i think, you know, there are frameworks that don't have verifiable, removals, and we don't have a framework in which there's public oversight. and i think when it comes to defining what a high quality offset is and what we really want that to look like, that's the role of the government. we are meant it regulations and oversight over what we think will actually provide benefit. because that's our purpose. it's to provide benefit and to address the climate crisis. and so when we think about creating a system, you know that, that takes a really robust federal government approach to create, you know, accountability to create, bought a train, reporting and verification to verify permanence. and you really can't do that without robust government infrastructure. amar, emma,

it seems to me like this is actually just quite chaotic. is an idea that technically works theoretically works, but doesn't in practice, no regulation, no oversight is fallen tree can do what you like. don't know, you have to call your emissions impacting the level south. there's a whole list of things, a reasons why people should not trust carbon offsetting wayne well on all those things are true, but at the same time, in some respects they may be a necessary evil. now we can, i officer, come up with a scenario where, okay, say we have a country that does make every absolute reduction that they possibly can upfront, but say they still need to travel, they still need to have a vh and as a sector, then as a last resort, a high quality carbon offset might make sense, in which case you could use that. you know, the question is, what is the alternative? i think it would be better to take money for somebody that's willing to spend it and use it to do something that's beneficial to the climate rather than them

sitting all that money and doing nothing. but that only makes sense in that specific circumstance when you've exhausted all other options. so possibly as a last resort that may make sense. now we have seen, you know, that as a, so she was mentioning, you know, we need a lot of accountability and oversight. and it's really been the wild west out here as far as offset, you know, the world has tried to use offsets before in previous climate agreements, namely under the kyoto protocol. and, you know, the credits that were created under that mechanism were really deeply flawed. and there are still countries that are still trying to use and trade those credits now . and that's also been something of a, of a disruption that's been a distraction in these climate negotiations. and so yeah, we really do need a lot of international coordination, not just government coordination at the federal level, but across borders to make sure everybody is playing by the same rules. nobody's trying to hide their hand or any trying any kind of accounting gimmicks. and that, of course is really hard to do. i, yes, this is lucas us. i think it's also how we define offset. and so when,

when you look at the type of project, we want to make sure that risk is taken into account here. and so, you know, as i mentioned, forestry is a really big part of how often are currently in the market. but if we look at different types of carbon removal that you know isn't available today, but will be in the future. those are lower risk projects that lead to permanent removal. how can we make sure that, you know, assets are done in a way that is just and is accountable? i think. but how can i, how can we? and i think that i think that's where the risk question comes into play and i think that's a government come into play. how are we dawning? and we define it through projects that have high risk and you know, verify ability for permanence or we tuning projects that we know will lead to permanence, that the government is helping deploy. and so we know we're getting an adjusted sustainable way. and that's the, i'm going to china my in a know it because i'm wondering how much is a carbon credit was a man it really depends on the market that you're in, you know, there's

a voluntary carbon market, you know, there where people can choose to buy carbon credits and offsets for their activities, but they're also mandatory, or there are compliance markets as well. so basically, there are parts of the world like the european union that actually have a cap and trade scheme in place where basically countries are on balance limited in their greenhouse gas emissions. but then they can trade with other countries if they can't hit their own cap. and in those places, then you see carbon credits fluctuating with market price. it's almost like a stock. and so they can drop really low, become very cheap, or they can get really expensive. and the idea is in those kinds of situations, carbon credits will get expensive over time and forced people to make absolute reductions in emissions that eventually there will be an upper limit to how much you can afford to simply offset your emissions. in the ideal scenario, in practice, carbon credits, even in these kinds of compliance markets have been so cheap that they've really been in, excuse to continue polluting and not delivered the reductions that we've been

hoping for. anything in a new voice to our conversation. this is tiara gooey, who's the environment and human rights policy advisor, amnesty international. this is what you told us. a few hours area me, my st. she and 0 me since not net 0. the house is on fire and we cannot rely on carbon offsetting to continue burning fossil fuels pulse. if fuels are incompatible with you much heights, as they continued burning, we leads to leave us stating in cuts of climate change from people that are towards in glasgow states since adopt clear plans to face out for c fuels enrolls that allow forbes entering the research reductions and guarantee you have shades too often capable of setting projects had resulted in human rights violations, for example, indigenous peoples being dispossessed of their lands or even kids in the process of peaceful opposing such projects,

we must not allow this to continue. so kiara is in glasgow at the un climate conference right now. and remember to share with you a tweet from yet, if you are caught 26, be where the carbon offsetting lies being paddled. there got 26 basics. why refused to collude with the polluters in the carbon offsetting lie? what are the lies yet? oh, there's tons of flies and one of the, one of the most important things is that it is, it is being heralded as a magic one. it is not a magic wand, it is definitely not gonna solve the climate. and if it is over it being oversold as a solution to climate change by, by saying that, you know, we need market forces to solve the find the price it well it's, it's the market for assistance has brought us into the spices in the space. and also being angry with care and i'm happy that she mentioned the entire of the

horror of this problem is how human rights are being violated. and one of those life is that the global child is going to benefit from all of these all setting projects. well, all setting us long and well documented history of problems, not just in terms of how they deliver gen when benefit for the climate, but a long history of negative impacts or land drives, social justice for marginalized communities, and also for biodiversity in many countries. and what, what, what the, what the least not understood well here is that the fees are all sense. they're going to happen mostly in the global south as she was, she are actually pointed out earlier. we were really concerned that many of the historic problems that, that happened with all of the offset the projects in the, you know, the broader risk of undermining the climate goals is it will be exacerbated by the growing corporate and political enthusiasm or all of his margaret initiative

and that the snappy said distraction from what needs to be done as we keep saying and, and the heart of beer. so scared out emphasizing the fossil fuel industry and, and i'm, i'm a gosh with the notion that the fossil fuel industry wants to offset a mission. if i even set aside my, the, my, this belief about offsets and let's say it kenworth, technically i think for us projects, meaning all of this all simpler we, we have to plant trees to offset the emissions from the fossil fuel industry. it's just an acceptable for me. i would say that we should focus, for example, on, on solar power on renewable energy. and those things are easier to sound. and therefore, we can avoid those, like we have how is this different from climate financing? why isn't carbon affecting climate financing?

climate financing is some broader terms that may include some financing that goes into carbon trading and also therefore a car. but i'll send thing. well, climate financing, by if strict definition under the un climate convention, is, is financial resources money that should be provided by a reach, increase, or walk us list and us onyx to countries of the climate convention through developing countries poorer countries or at the receiving end of the climate impacts so that they can also leave into a cleaner kind of development and also adapt to the impacts of climate change that is an obligation under the u. n. climate convention and the fires agreement. that's also made it very clear that developed countries need to mobilize as much as, while at least $100000000000.00 per year. by plenty, plenty up to 2025. we're talking about money here that needs to be used to

generate that kind of translation and that kind of transformation towards cleaner development and also allow on chris to call while we the impacts of climate change is climate finance. ben, it's all says, this is not pre owned by me finance because what we're, what we're talking about here is this is basically money being thrown at the problem is not money being, being used to solve the problem record. talk more about this, but we are almost at the end of today's show, i want to cite and yet, and she she and also you for your very incisive questions and thoughts about compet affecting and is it genuinely a way to tackle our climate crisis? i think the answer is it depends on if it's done well, you can follow, i guess on twitter, have a look here on my laptop. this is a man. is these yet the recovering highway negotiator and this is

stacy. thanks for watching everybody. i see you next time take care. ah, compelling, the journalism we keeping our distance because it's actually quite dangerous. ambulances continue to abide about the explosion. inspire program making. i still don't feel like i actually know enough about what living under fascism was like. how much money did you make for your bro? in deliverance? i made that al jazeera english proud recipient of the new york festivals broadcaster of the year award for the 5th year running with

pro democracy activists risking their lives fighting autocracy. i know that i might go to prison, so i will join the run. a new episode of democracy maybe explores the struggle of those who believe democracy is worth dying for. we never know when an opening is

going to come. when a fruit vendor is going to emulate themselves and say enough is enough my life for democracy on al jazeera. ah, this is al jazeera ah, hello from doha. i'm alamo. here, dean with the al jazeera news are coming up for you in the next 60 minutes. every day, more people are suffering and dying. the un human rights chief for this is a report on ethiopia is more documentary, what she describes as extreme brutality. the u. s. government imposes restrictions against israel's pegasus, spyware. come.