friends, we'll just do it the way we did. oh, and it's up to the audience to see whether they like it or not. and of course it doesn't sound like drake, but it sounds like up more and everything right here al jazeera dot com ah, quite look at the main stories now. and an ethiopian anti government alliance is saying it plans to dismantle the government either by negotiations or through the use of force. 9 factions which form the group sent out a warning to prime minister abbey. i'm at claiming they are within

a day's drive of the capitol. representatives of the groups made their announcement at an event in washington d. c. it includes the to grind people's liberation front. the group that's been on the offensive after a year long battle with federal forces, it had already joined forces with another rebel group, the aroma liberation front. as a response to the merits of crisis facing the various nations of the country and to reverse the harmful effects of our autocratic rule to our peoples and beyond, we have coordinated the object need to collaborate and join our force, drives a safe transition in the country hence, harvey stablish of the united front of the federalist and confederate forces. more than a 100 people have been injured in protest against election results and iraq scarcely forces fight in the u. k. gas to try to disperse. the crowds gathered in baghdad. demonstrate to say there's been vote rigging and reject the outcome of the election

groups aligned with iran. last 1000. alimentary seats. drug company pfizer says a new pill. it's developing cuts the risk of hospital admissions or death from corona virus, by almost 90 percent. a trial of the experimental drug has been stopped early following positive results company now times to ask regulators to authorize its use as soon as possible. us presidents as, as countries already secured millions of doses of the drug. and when i was young time that change activists, not sure this culture, city of glasgow on they 6 of the cop 26 climate summit, large numbers of school children took their banners along. so what thought to be the biggest demonstration, how during the conference so far, it talks, i'm just find me, find ways to limit global warming to one and a half degrees celsius. was the headlines this hour. i have one nice view and about 25 minutes time. i'll see you later from now is coming up next.

ah, a climate change is fast approaching a point of no return from extreme heat waves. wildfires and drought in the western part of the united states to deadly floods in nigeria, climate disasters are forcing people to flee from their homelands in search of safety. estimates predict, hundreds of millions would be forced to migrate by 2050. with that 26 the you and climate change conference underway in scotland. how are countries and international institutions when a tackle the issue of protecting climate refugees? joining us to discuss this is united nations high commissioner for refugees, filippo grande, with 1st 2 years after a revolution in the decades of dictatorship,

in sudan. all eyes are on the country once again after yet another military taken awe. on october 25th, just weeks before sedans, military was supposed to hand over control of the transitional government to civilian leadership. general abdel for to albert han sees control in a military coup and declared a state of emergency. the military dissolved the joint civilian military government and arrested prime minister. hm. duke, protestors have taken to the streets to denounce the qu, but security forces have responded forcefully killing at least 15 people and injuring hundreds at the time of recording. joining me now to discuss this is sedans, ambassador to the united states noted dean santi. thank you so much for joining me, sir. now, thank you very much for having. so on october 28th, 3 days after general, behind dissolved the government, you look on state run salenti v, and there's an announcement that you have been fired from your position. ah,

are you still ambassador to united states? very firmly. so, because i have been fired by an illegal illegitimate government. actually, the decision of you know, failing me, came from the commander in chief of the unfortunate and who does not have the right to fail me to fire any ambassador diplomat is for this reason that they do not recognize that action gentlemen hand claims he ousted the government to avoid quote, a civil war. he says, he says the dangers we witnessed last week could have led the country into civil war. ah, is there any truth to that? ah, i do not think so frankly. they should have told us victory in hor, an horn, or we don't not know exactly oh, out of those the parties of the civil law. and frankly, i think on the contrary,

this sir, this act might lead to a civil law if it continued for too long between whom mitchell in the people and the others were killing the arm. so i want all in force or a military, orland sudan. the reason i ask that is because there have been multiple forces at play for a while now. it was a bit surprising when you said, are you expected everything but this when the co happened. but there been several caught him since 2119. are including one just in september. oh, what's prompting all of these different takeovers? it attempts to take over the government. well lun learning more city cent one or the last one was fronted her by the fear of, you know, handing over control of the government to the civilians for a couple of reasons. or the 1st one is accountability. and we'll, you know, that there have been some crime that have been committed in the past and are there

are investigations that are ongoing, and these are crimes. and i think are some of the military she had that this might turn. i've been with them. the other one on the investigations is going on, or issues of, i would see the assets of the state and how they are governed and how they are managed and, and some issues related to that. so there was the fear also this my 10 again, them also. what role does a prime minister ham duck play in this me? it's pretty, pretty unpopular policies are. 1 for example, adapting i m f forms. i like slashing fuel subsidies. the country has been suffering from medicine, wheat shortages, and inflation has tapped 400 per cent. to what extent have these moves fuel the popular discontent? well, larry has no popular discontent. they say, i mean, they've been anti government protest going on at least

a week before the cool. so clearly there was some ask and, well, of course, but it turned out that the sim military, who pretend now to read the rest of the course of, of things have been, is holding, you know, many of these things. do you know that the prices of, of fuel and android and all that have fallen dramatically in the last week and the supplies are, have been coming from all directions despite the blockade on board. so then that me, that had been some hoarding intentionally being done in order to put the government in difficulty with can 2 things be true at the same time? can, can the military have been holding things back for the purpose of fueling piper discontent, but also the prime minister had policies that were clearly unpopular that prompted protest. well, i have to see that the civilian government could have done better. there is no doubt about that, but i should not forget that it turned out that some key members of the government

are side in with that with the court, including the minister of finance. and now he is handing a half of the assets of the central bank to the armed forces and issue the matter, you know, or very ill consent. yes, there was she, shirley's, of the civilian government. there is no doubt about that. and this was to be expected. anyway, we knew that the situation was not going to be the this a lot of actually 3 years ago are saying that the situation will not be this it within the next 5 years. because we knew or to inherit the legacy from the passage was, was holistic. and i knew to take a long time in order to address that. you mentioned the armed forces, a sudanese armed forces, shut down the internet and other telecommunication since shortly after the coup. this happened in 2019 as well as when that happened. the state security forces open

fire in killed scores of protesters and injured many others. are in her doom. do you worry that something like this will repeat itself? of course, unfortunately, and regrettably, and they don't seem to have changed their ways this in my dealing sort of formatting him over. she had that hasn't been totalled by a popular, you know, uprising of coming back again. and this is really to be regretted. we saw that we have left all that behind us. one of the challenges though, is the relationship between those loyalist from the machine days who still remain as part of a transitional government. now, during the previous co attempt, your government blamed elements loyal to our membership. our and the question is, how are some of those allies who were accused of grave human rights abuses by multiple organizations, multiple facets even allowed to be part of this transitional government? well, that's a good question. no nights or certain moments in history. when you want to move

forwards, you have to compromise and it was not easy to compromise. i was part of this dialogue in the beginning, should we allow those elements to be part of the physician institutions? or should we not do that? but at the end of the day, for the stability as security of the country, the decision was to allow them to be a part of the situation. if i sent situations, because we knew very well that the balance of power at that time was not in the favor, the civilians. and that we need to be addressed to gradually, as we move towards a more normalized situation. if you could reconsider that decision, now, would you still include far, but sheer allies in a transition? i would still do that, but i would drum, we know immediately or take measures that would allow us to continue working

together like what the issue of our own or dealing with civil military relations and the issue of accountability and transition and justice. i think those are key some processors have not trusted military involvement in the transitional government. they've caught for full civilian rule. or is there any possibility in your estimation of a government of full civilian rule. this possibility for why did that we find a way of associating the military or by being a part of the state institutions, but realizing that they are not going to be the ones for me. calling the shots that they would be there to protect the transmission. not to control it and, and then the difference between those is that possible, given the history given that backed up, given who's in, who comprises this military? is it possible to negotiate something like, i think we should,

we should be able to negotiate that and go back or? well, the 1st thing to do is to get out of the situation and find a deal which with near casa, saturday, a dialogue on issues and see how to handle them. and then gradually move into this 2nd phase, which is seeing how they can accept to be part of the deal without controlling it, given the large number of mobilizations and protests is the cool a done deal? is it over? ah, the goose is over. i am not seeing those little quiz sustainable. it cannot continue with the only that it will though mobilization that we have seen and that we are going to see in the next days and weeks if she continues. i do not think it's sustainable, they can not go under control, they can not harvest stability, they will never, dest, you know, and the people who have continual m, o m, or below down putting pressure on them. online, of course,

in coordination with the international community. in your estimation, i know diplomats don't love predictions, but a month from now we're also namby. so then our mouth and, and from now we'll be back more or less in the where it was under the 25th of october. and those going very tough negotiations in order to see how we can continue working together with the military that had been predict, noted in thank you so much for joining me on up for a thank you, mark. absolutely haven't. we're up to shift coming up next. i speak to you and hcr, chief filippo grad ah phillip. alrighty, thank you so much for joining us on up front. i'd like to start by asking you what's the relationship between the climate change that we see and migration? it's simple, in a way to define the clyde climate change,

the climate emergency forces people to move. so there's an element of displacement or force displacement that is linked in many, sometimes complex ways to the big climate change process that we are witnessing a thin cover. it big flood, or, or a big drought even are those phenomena which are increasing with climate change. they've always existed, but they're increasing. they're becoming more serious, more impactful with climate change. they force people to move sometimes suddenly, but it's really the combination of factors that makes this phenomenon complex and of great relevance to my organization. look in many places. climate change is depleting. resources is taking resources away from very poor communities and communities with less resources start fighting. this generates conflicts which

generate displacement of a, of the type that is very, very germane to the work of my organization. these are fundamentally refugees, that flee also because of climate change. but not only because of that. one of the challenges is that there are no legal protections currently in place for people who are forced to leave their countries for climate change. that's because they don't fall under the definition of a refugee based on the u. n's. 1951 conventional refugees. ah. yet estimate state. there could be between 25000000 to 1000000000 environmental refugees by the year 20 . 50. 0, what is you and hcr doing to ensure that these people get rights and protections or well, you know, the, the issue of definitions is very complicated and we have to be careful in this world in which i am very offend. refugees are stigmatized. so i as

the, the head of an organization that is the custodian of the basic refugee protection principle. have to be careful. we wouldn't see, you know, we don't use this definition that is sometimes used these days, climate refugees. but this is not to say that people that are moving because of climatic reasons do not have what we would call protection needs. very similar to refugees and sometimes actually they are refugees. as i said, because mixed with the causes of displacement is conflict. this discrimination is persecution and so forth. would they, nat, experience greater protection, know if they were considered to be climate refugees. could you explain sort of why they're not, and why they don't satisfy the conditions for being refugees simply based on being pushed out via the climate and look it's, it's also good when we talk about this to do a bit of a reality check. most people displaced for claim matic reasons are displaced

actually within their countries. they are what we would call internally displaced people. and now like i said, also most of the people that 3 across borders. this other reasons that get in the mix. for example, war conflict into communal clashes, so we can consider them breaking jeez in those cases and all the protection applying to refugees apply in that sense. of course, if we pulled the fluff why, why not this update the convention know? well, because, you know, like i said, we have to be careful about definition. expanding the definition, for example, to people who flee purely because of the natural disaster would jeopardize the definition. in other cases where we need to maintain it, if you see what they mean. so we need to be careful about that, but let, let me stress again, there's not only refugee protection that applies to people under move,

this humanitarian considerations. there's many other formulas that we have tested in many situations that can apply for people fleeing purely flock. climatic reasons, and they think that this would be the case in some of these are examples that are there that we're talking about here. so i wouldn't worry too much about the definitions. in fact, i would worry or i would be focusing on the fact that states need to provide protection to people that are on the move in 2019. are you in special repertoire? philip austin said that we are risking a what he called a climate apartheid scenario. where the wealthy can pay to escape overheating, hunger conflict, where the rest of the world is left to suffer. but do you agree with the statement and how will climate migration differ for those who have in those who don't have access to resources? look, this sir injustice. this lack of equity is so obvious to day who we see

in every field, right. look at the vaccinations for coffee, vaccinations, this huge imbalance. look at my field. refugees, in a lot of countries say we will pay poor countries to keep refugees there, nor burden sharing nor responsibility sharing. so the supplies of course, also to climate. all these global challenges, including responding to the climate emergency have to be founded on a principle that we in our field called responsibility sharing, right? in which we all try to take part of that burden. and it cannot only be done by pink . it has to be done directly, it has to be done in the 1st person. and i think that this applies to talk to every type of migration as well. europe in the u. s. are both investing heavily in water, militarization to stop the flow of climate migrants and frankly,

big business as well are particular for the defense industry. christian parente compares militarize responses to what he called in armed life. both where rich nations adapt to the climate crisis through exclusion and violence. he says, oh, what would you say to that? ah, this is one of the issues that they think is most worrying the response to the global migration phenomena. whatever the causes ripe, including climate on the part of the rich countries has been essentially to shut down to separate, to push back. and we see the, especially in rich countries, we see in europe, we seat in north america. we have seen it for many years in australia and there this is bad in so many and wrong in so many different ways. because 1st of all,

it doesn't allow the burden sharing that they have spoken about. he doesn't allow people in need of protection to access the territory of countries where they have the right to seek that protection and fun. and frankly, it sense if very, very bad message. 2 countries that are hosting the thigh, receiving the vast majority of people on the move, who will start saying, well, if rich countries cross borders, why should they not close my borders as well? and we already see it here and there in the global south. and in or in a world that is going unfortunately towards more displacement, not less displacement, including because of climate. this is a very, very worrying and anger and a disturbing trend. i wanna switch gears a bit in talk bit about some of the other crises going on around the world. are you

recently in afghanistan? so, so let's start there. last year, international aid to afghanistan accounted for almost 43 percent of the countries g, d, p. then the taliban took power, large known as like the world bank in the i. m f. have cut funds to have ghana, stan, and the economy is now collapsing. the u. n. has just warn them more than half of the population is facing. acute hunger. ah, and the head of the world food program stated that millions will be forced to choose between migration and starvation. what needs to be done to protect afghans during this crisis? i think 2 things. one is straightforward and the other one is more complex. the straightforward thing is that before winter, and we only have a few weeks left, we need to step up dramatically humanitarian assistance in the country. it's a matter of getting more resources in, but then that is the other issue. and this is what you alluded to. the states doesn't function because it's not only the world back and the i m f. in fact,

all development assistance has been frozen because of the arrival and the taking power by the taliban saw i have said many times during my visit there. and afterwards, everybody has to meet a step in each other's direction. you know the taliban of course, have to get their act together. have to give assurance is that fundamental issues are addressed. the rights of minorities, women able to work girls in schools are. these are important demands by the international community, and i think that there are demands by the african people and international community needs to realize that there's no plan b here. there's not going to be another war, dislodging the taliban in which they need to work with these defacto authorities. and they need to help them make the state function. because otherwise, if salaries are not paid in the have sector, for example, if her,

if the public system doesn't work, then this country will implored. this is more than a humanitarian crisis. and it is likely to provoke massive movement of people in search of better conditions abroad. you have said recently in fact that you've seen encouraging signals with regard to dealing directly with the taliban. what. what are the encouraging signals? well i think that also compared with the their 1st m. m. time in power in the ninety's. i remember i visited there during that time. there is much more openness to discuss the issues that i have mentioned, which are the complex issues, the issues of rights, basically of rights of women, rights of minorities and so forth. that he's more openness we haven't seen yet. are sweeping positive decisions. but we've, we've seen, you know, here and there openings and certainly the discussion continues no day are ready for

engagement. and i think the international community has to be ready for engagement as well. because i think it's in everybody's interest the taliban, the international community. but above all, the african themselves that this country is, is, is kept on the right path because it's collapse, it's inclusion would be extremely worried in so many ways you've seen the rise of terror is already anti taliban terrorism at this point. and this is a little be a preview of things to come if things are not handled properly in talking about the international community. but amnesty international says, since assuming control of of ghana stone, we have already seen a wave of violations from reprisal attacks and restrictions on women to crackdowns on protests, the media and civil society. with that idea in mind with those realities in mind, do you have any misgivings, any hesitations about ah,

directly engaging the taliban? of course i am not suggesting for a moment did. this is easy and i do not think that what i and many others into un are suggesting engagement should be year at simply one sided, meaning the donor community, funding the taliban. i'm not suggesting that i'm suggesting a joint work in or, or, or, or coming together in the middle or between the demands that the international community is asking. the taliban is putting to the taliban. and what the taliban decide to do? of course, it is unthinkable that dorner will font, for example, did you cation system, if girls cannot go to school and i think it should be like that. so i think that it's important to talk to be pragmatic, but it is also important to uphold some fundamental principle for the sake of the afghans themselves. united nations high commissioner for refugees. philipo randy,

thank you so much for joining us on a friday. thank you. that's our show up front. we'll be back next week. ah ah. in the country with an abundance of resources already won indonesia, his friends for me, we moved full to grow and frock. we balance for green economy, blue economy, and the digital economy with the new job creation law, indonesia is progressively ensuring the policy reform to create quality jobs.

invest, let be part when the this is rose and progress. invest indonesia now november on al jazeera by years after the his story. he feel between fog rebels and the colombian government algebra examined white tensions and violence of rising once again. emmy award winning poor flies investigates the untold stories across the us . millions encompassed on boat in parliamentary elections under a new constitution. and more than a year after the last old figured political crisis in mercy and personal short documentary africa, direct show cases, african stories from african filmmakers. china marks $100.00 days until it host the winter olympics. but how will the pandemic and cool for a boycott impact the sporting event november on al jazeera, the climate american see is upon us. but why have government left it so late to act?

we've allowed climate change to get out of control. people empower investigates why? so little has been done. a systemic fact requires systemic change and asks what either inaction could meet a crisis. what crisis on al jazeera ah, allowing marianna, missouri in london a quick look at the main stories. now, 9 ethiopian factions have formed an alliance declaring that planned to dismantle aba governments, either by negotiations or through the use of force. groups made their announcement as an event in washington, d. c, but it was swiftly dismissed as a publicity stunt by the government. the alliance includes the tag people's liberation front which has been.