and even if you saw the medicine based on having contract, it is you could we liked and which symptoms you have. now if i presume you spotted football, john barcelona has appointed club legend javi hernandez as head coach, the 41 year old have been manager at the could tarry club outside since 2015. he helped barcelona when 25 titles. as a player job, he's replacing ronald comin, who was fired last week following a string of defeats. ah, this is out there. these you top stories. the u. s. house of representatives has voted to pass a one trillion dollar infrastructure bill and had repeatedly stalled off to differences within the democratic party. another vote on the social welfare will be held later in the month, hottie, j. castro. how small. this is the finale to

a month long game of brings membership that we've seen displayed within factions of the democratic party. and it certainly has been an uncomfortable time for president biden. and for house speaker nancy pelosi this morning, president biden said to the nation. he wanted this bill deliver to his desk by evenings and it looks like that is going to happen. the hold up here was because liberals within the democratic caucus in the house of representatives, had, had been withholding their support for this infrastructure. bill is open. factions have formed an alliance against the government of joint forces with rebels from the northern to gray region who are threatening to advance from the capital. the un security council is calling for restraint. one of brazil's most populous angus has been killed in a plane crash. maria mendoza died alongside her manager, an aide,

a 26 year old, one the latin grammy for her album in 20. 19. iraq's prime minister has ordered investigation off to security forces injured more than a 100 protesters grounds rallied in the capsule bagdad angry. the results of last month's harlem entry election at least 11 soldiers have been killed by gunman during a raid on a military outpost in the year. it happened in the south west near the border with molly a fuel tank explosion in syria ins. capital was reported to have left as many as 100 people dead. many others was severely burnt. nicaragua has a restricted campaigning for sundays elections. citing pandemic restrictions, dozens of opposition, figures were arrested in the run up to the fact. those are your headlines, talked out is there as next. we pull a much more goes to the communities they live in. no matter how much it needs to

present tissue as much as anyone else's. going to like the main, it's one of the most hideous the police that's part of the night, the delta. and now it's people say they want a clean up all that is floyd, embodiment with the media, lance, the coverage or covers you just when you suffer calamities. i don't think that's right above is what i want to change. i wanted to go further to cover story stuff, impact the lives of people to truthfully, tell the story that i was really passionate about. stories with fucks, but governments would rather keep him in story stuff, drop the fixed narrative, and only depend on the reality on the ground. but is why i became a journalist. i'm mm hm. and i book with

climate change. it's a term we've been hearing for decades time and again, initiatives, summits, and speeches have been held to ring the alarm. but recent reports have revealed just how much damage human activity has done to our planet and how late it's getting to turn things around. plan to do it is now one and a half to 2 degrees celsius hotter than it was just before the time cars replaced horses signed to say the damage is already irreversible. and that a climate catastrophe is only a matter of time. war leaders are now trying to reduce the impact that carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases have on our plan and its ability to sustain life . leaders of the g 20 recently met in rome. they acknowledged that tackling the

climate emergency is urgent and critical. but they fail to commit to a 2050 deadline for achieving net 0 emissions. they then met other world leaders in glasgow in yet another un climate summit comp 26. a clock counting down to environmental catastrophe was on display. but can we stop the clock on climate change? talks and initiatives on the environment are usually driven by the world superpowers . but chile, it's now trying to have a loud voice. energy minister, one capital shelby is widely seen as the countries champion in the fight against climate change. some of you may be asking yourself, what does such a small country how to do with such an enormous problem? let me put it this way. if climate changes go live, there is no better place on earth to find david, don't you? he plans to turn chilly into one of the world's biggest producers of so called

green hydrogen by 2030, with the global markets, most competitive price. a world one on hydrogen and clean energy is not a new concept. in the $1800.00 science fiction author, jewel spurn predicted that water would one day become the source of the fuel of the future. and now technology has made it possible. but can't chile succeed? where for many the world's largest economies appear to be failing. chili's energy minister juan carlo shelby talks to al jazeera minister quantica the survey. thank you so much for joining us at talk to. i just see that i'd like to start by asking you why you are so convinced, so sure that green. hi, jan isn't the the revolutionary energy source of the world needs right now. well, thank you so much for invitations. great to be here. so i'm convinced the green

hydrogen, it's not the solution for the whole problem. we have, we climate change, but it's what i call the missing link of the energy transition in essence because what the world is doing to reduce its, its carbon footprint, especially in the energy sector, which is around 3275 percent of emissions is to use renewables in the power grid to generate cheap and clean electricity, and then used other electricity all over the economy and transportation and housing in the industries. but that plan has one floor which is to there are certain specific sectors of the economy that are very hard to electrify. our sectors in which the direct use of our tricity will not work. for example, stealing cement, production, heavy duty trucking or shipping industry or plates, right? mining trucks in those segments, most people agree that instead of using electricity directly with batteries,

we will be using green hydrogen and it's the river this green. i'm only our sink, synthetic pills. so, and that will be around 20 percent of the global energy demand. so it's going to be an essential piece of a bigger possible. but if it is as good as it sounds, why isn't everybody using it already? why isn't it become widespread? why have there been various attempts to try to get hydrogen to replace fossil fuels and it hasn't worked? yes, it's true that the technology has been there for a long time, but he's the use of electricity through a process that is called electrolysis to split the water molecule into hydrogen and oxygen, right? that technology has been around for a long time. the thing is that the revolution in renewable energy pass allowed the world to produce electricity from renewables at

a very low cost just recently. right? so since electricity is around 50 to 80 percent of the cost of producing green hydrogen. and that cost has went down significantly. it's now that we have the possibility of producing green hydrogen at a cost that makes it competitive with fossil fuels. we're still not there yet, but we are very close. how quickly will or could the technology to allow green hydrogen to be competitive with fossil fuel steak, because as we all know, time is running out. yeah, we're running out of time. it's true. most people agree that before the end of this decade, green hydrogen will be produce will be produced at a cost that can replace fossil fuel. 20252026. it depends. so sir, it is very soon. we are already producing hydrogen in cheerful mining companies. for example, and i think that industry will develop very, very quickly. well,

i'm going to get back to you very soon on this whole issue of, of cost benefit and competition. but, but 1st i'd like to delve into what you, you just touched on briefly why chile, i mean you chilly is saying that it is going to become the we're leader in production and exploitation of green hydrogen. how. why such a small country like chile with a medium sized economy? how, how good isn't that been over ambitious? i don't think so. i don't think so. so what we're saying is we're going to be able to produce the cheapest green hydrogen on the planet by 2030. that is one of the golds. busy worth strategy, the probably the most important one. how, why do you think we can do that? no, because since electricity is the most important cost component of producing green, hydrogen we. and since we have the best natural resources to produce renewable electricity, we will be able to produce the cheapest screen. let me give you 2 numbers. solar p,

v. in the attic, i'm a desert in the north. we have the best solar radiation on the planet. but that's not something that i say, everybody agrees on that. right? so you can produce cheap electricity in chile, i mean, in better condition than anywhere else, more than saudi arabia or spain. so capacity factors in 2 lane, the come with this hurt are up to 37 percent. so the array be probably 30. so we have a big cost advantage. i think the 1000 by that is the capacity factor for wind farms are over 70 percent. and that compares we 55 percent in the north sea. right? so if we are able to harvest those resources to produce electricity and then bring hydrogen, we will be producing the cheapest, green hydrogen on the planet. then when i tell the story some counterparts say ok minister, but you run those numbers. the japanese i would be traveling to japan soon. they

said ok minister, we're very interested. we would be important greenhouse jen green ammonia fuels. but let us run our own numbers and they said ok, let's do that. and they hired the institute for energy comics of japan. they run their own numbers, and the conclusion is the same. the cheapest green pneumonia which is what they want to import. all of the world, not only production, but we've shipping included, put in japan. we come from, even though chile is sort of at the end of the world. it depends on your point of view. but anyway, well, there is an advantage that it is very skinny countries were very far away from most developed economies. but if you take into account the cost of production and the cost of shipping ammonia to japan, sheila is still the most competitive place on earth to produce green. why do mention ammonia and not green hydrogen? yes, so look, didn't to the chemistry for a little bit. so you just get the molecule to get the hydrogen and oxygen. the

hydrogen. still very expensive to, to move it around because you need to compress it to cool it down is very expensive . but if you combine hydrogen with nitrogen, which is in the air, basically you have a green ammonia that can be used as a fuel. pneumonia is the most important feedstock to produce fertilizers. so it's key for food and for explosives that are key for mining, right? the japanese want to burn ammonia to produce electricity, right? so we will be exporting ammonia 1st and eventually hydrogen, because ammonia, it's very easy to move around. the logistics of ammonia are already salt, but doesn't it also emit a lot of methane gas? no, doesn't know it 0 as emissions. i mean, carbon neutral depends on the ship you're using to ship it around. right. but the

shipping industry is moving quickly to reduce its own emissions. and they will probably using ammonia to fuel themselves. one of the key problems that some of the critics point out is that it is so expensive right now to make green hydrogen that it would be better you that, that this renewable energy, wind and solar energy would be better used for other purposes like cars for example, batteries. yeah, but that's a good point that could be valid in certain countries where they don't have the abundance of natural resources that we have to produce clean electricity. so let me give your other number. we have identified renewable capacity. that is 80 times bigger than the size of the greet. so that means that we will never be able to take advantage of those resources. we want to use that electricity locally. so we need

to find ways to export those resources to the world. i'm producing green hydrogen ammonia and so on. is the best alternative to do to do that? well, julie is curiously, also the world's largest. we're right now is the world's largest producer of copper and exposure. but copper and mining in general are very, very dirty industries. but i understand that you have a plan to make green copper to little bit about that. that's the plan. so. so the 1st thing about mineral said it's important. maybe we can come back to these later, but without minerals we will not be able to stop climate change. i can come back to that later, but coming back to, to the carbon footprint of mining. so mining in chile is the biggest user of energy . it consumes 30 percent of our electricity and a big chunk of our fuels, right? so they have 2 challenges in terms of emissions 1st to replace your

power purchase agreement. so they're contracts to supply electricity. moving out of cold into renewables, they're moving very quickly. we are pushing the industry to have more than 2 thirds of the supply reading tricity to be renewable by 2025. we're moving very quickly. gather challenge is diesel. so mining trucks burn a lot of diesel. in chile, they burned 2000000 cubic meters of diesel per year. that's a lot of these to replace that diesel. the best alternative is green hard. and most of the mining operations are located in places where we have very good solar irradiance. so we can produce the green hydrogen right there. we disorder radius and then use our green hydrogen to replace it in the truck that would allow us to, to make our mining more competitive. when costs go down and also to reduce the carbon footprint, which is very important, i think in traditional markets will be increasingly aware and sensitive to the

carbon footprint of the part of they would be consuming. so it's a great opportunity because the mining industry will take advantage of green hydrogen. but since it will become a very important source of local demand for green hydrogen, it will help us accelerate the development of the hydrogen industry. the global financial markets are still driven and dependent on oil and gas. opec calls these sources of energy, the engine of the world economy. clearly transitioning into a green economy, especially at a fast pace, requires a lot more than political will. and it certainly won't come at a cheap price. so how can the financial aspects of an environmentally friendly market be covered? well, let me be the devil's advocate, a lot of people point out that you know, this sounds great on paper and in theory. but the truth is that governments around

the world, including the chilean government, are not moving fast enough energetically enough. for example, according to experts and former ministers and environmental ministers of chile. the only way to really do this is to either increase substantially the price of pollution, abusing diesel, for example, attacks or heavy heavy subsidies on the part of the state in order to make green hydrogen competitive. and for electrolyzer and all these very expensive machines to actually get off the ground, but neither one is being done. both are being done. so 1st on subsidies. we're going to award, i mean, important subsidies. ok. it depends, right? so we are, we would be awarding the 1st $50000000.00 in subsidies for private companies to scale up production of gain hydrogen in cheating. right. and we think that us technology volts, saudi, this will not be required,

but we are giving away $50000000.00 in a month or so. ok. and we're setting up a new facility, which is stage. stage 2 with the world bank to land. very attractive, very attractive terms around a $100000000.00 for private projects are green 100 us what? i don't carbon tax. we just set up a commission of economist that will propose a trajectory to increase. ah, the carbon tax, which we think is very important to make clean or alternatives competitive with, with forces. because right now the chilling government practically subsidizes the diesel for the mining industry and public transport. so, you know, it's not okay, just raise it a little that might work, but don't you agree that it has to be there has to be an incentive or very, very strong incentive for our, the world to switch to green hydrogen when it's so much more comfortable to use

fossil fuels? yes. so i fully agree that we need to increase that that the carbon tax. right. the price on carbon. by the way, i'm for co chair of the carbon pricing leadership coalition that is pushing not only in chile, but internationally. an agenda to increase the price of carbon. i think that is very important. we don't have subsidies for the use of the so what we do have some exemptions to specific segment of the economy including mining, which i think we need to replace, eliminate to make clean alternatives, luxury hydrogen, more competitive. if this is going to happen as quickly as you say, it's going to take a lot more money than those $10000000.00 or even the $100000000.00. i said. busy ok, yeah it's that's, i'm sorry to say it this way, but it seems like peanuts for such

a big change in the it's interesting what does about billions, not millions. yeah. some people say trillions but, but the truth is that if you look at the renewable, their interest segment continue, is developed very, very quickly without subsidies, without subsidies based occurred in natural resources, competitive business environment, and sound policy. that sense the rightsignature for the long run. i think in green hydrogen, the biggest hurdle is technology. how do we scale up production of hydrogen to reduce costs? well, that's going to take lots of money again. so who is going to pay for that chilly alone? can't do it. i don't. so i think it's going to be a combination because most of the green hydrogen and it's is riveted when will be producing, will be consumed abroad, where will be exporting that. so of takers at some point, will start a price that compensates the cost of producing green hutchings. germany,

for example, launched a couple of months ago, an initiative that is called h to global. it's 900000000 euros. that will be invested precisely to bridge the gap between the costs of producing green hydrogen on the one side, and the willingness to pay for hydrogen on the other side. right? so it's going to be a combination of natural resources from some countries of take it from other countries, subsidies and financial support from all countries in the world. it's going to be a combination is, are going to happen overnight. but i'm convinced is going to happen very quickly. how did you get so interested in this? how did you become such a convert? you were, for example, a labor minister before but now you are one of the biggest spokesmen. yeah, i proponents, green hydrogen. yeah, it's true so so that there's 2 parts to that to that question. so one is

the, is the climate change it and i started reading on climate change a couple of years ago. more actively of the board read. the more convinced that is the biggest challenge we have. i have 3 daughters and i think of their future. and that is my main fuel. if we could do some work for the climate change engine, i think it's our biggest responsibility with the future generations. so for me, climate change has a human face. it's not just the environment, it's future generations and but, but for me is very important. bring hydrogen. i remember when i came here 1st time 2 and a half years ago, into the ministry to the ministry. yeah. i, i came across this number 80 times, the capacity would be ever be able to use local. i mean, the renewable energy and i was struggling. how are we going to be able to take advantage of that and share that with the world?

and that's when i came across the green hydrogen agenda, and i realized is the best way to move renewable energy around the world from countries that have an excess of renewable energy capacity like $2.00 to $2.00 developed economies like japan, germany and other countries that will be buying those resources. what about the cost going back again of changing motors, the whole system of electricity that the world runs on in order to accommodate when hydrogen isn't going to slow this down significantly. we need to, according to the, to chili's plans and most of most government say that, that their commitment is to completely be carbon neutral by the year 2050. but what that means, scrubbing airplane, strange cars, everything we know. yeah. but it's going to be a transition. that's why we talk about the energy transition, right?

it's not going to be an immediate. i mean reset. so, think about cars for example. so electric vehicles are green hydrogen vehicles when they become competitive, more expensive when you acquire them. but then the cost of using them per kilometer is much lower, right? so you make an initial investment that's higher, but then you more than recover that initial investment because you have savings along the life of those vehicles. right, so, so clean investments. at some point, people thought, i mean we were going to be making clean investments because it's good for the environment where we heard our returns because it's good for the environment. but that's not true. and the longer right show us technology volts. the investments that will be require to change our economy will be profitable. so we will have a win win for the environment and for the economy as well. is how much time is there to make this transition?

we don't have a lot of time. i think one of the important discussions that had accelerated in the last 6 months or a year is that we, we, a couple years ago, we're thinking about 2050. we're saying we need to be carbon neutral by 2050, which is where the purchase agreement, which is true. but increasingly, countries are looking into 2030. we're saying if we're not able to reduce emissions by half by 2030, it's going to be impossible to. i mean, be carbon neutral by 2050. so i think this decade this essential the 2nd before 2031 to reduce our emissions by half. what do you say to those leaders who don't even believe that climate change is caused by man and who are dragging their feet and they are continuing to use coal and all kinds of fossil fuels quite freely in the name of development. think of all your kids there, got your grandchildren and read about climate change. i mean if you just take time

to read 3 or 4 books, it would be convinced if you have an open mind and you have an honest approach to it. um, i think the, the things we do or we don't do on this agenda is the bar by which future generations with judges. so i agree, i understand that sometimes the political agenda or the economic agenda i mean, gets in the way of the climate agenda. but i think if we are responsible for your future generations, we need to push this agenda. foreign minister. oh, got it. hello, thank you so much for talking to al jazeera. i think the decision on

counting the coast who all the western bank is enabling big oil to exploit the r as a had thiessen's, its reliance on coal is buying and shopping down poll. how ball the baton with counting the call on out november on al jazeera by years after the his story. he field between fog rebels in the colombian government algebra examines white tensions and violence of rising. once again. emmy award winning for flies investigates the untold stories across the us, millions encompassed on boat in parliamentary elections under a new constitution. and more than a year after the lat pole triggered a political crisis. in mercy of personal short documentary africa direct showcases african stories from african filmmakers china mugs, 100 days until it holds the winter olympics. but how will the pandemic and course for a boycott, impact the sporting event november on al jazeera?

the climate emergency is upon us. but why have government left it so late to act? we've allowed climate change to get out of control. people empower, investigates why so little has been done. a systemic threat. requires systemic change and asks what further in action could me think about 20? none of them have a crisis. what crisis own al jazeera o? tens of thousands of children born into old lives under the iceland regime in iraq and syria. now many are in camps either orphans all with the widowed mothers, rejected by their own communities. chicken length of people are going to welcome them after that. of course, mom and you documentary his, that chilling and traumatic stories for the children throw stones at me. iraq's

last generation on al jazeera, unprompted undone, interrupted discussions from our london broadcast center on out to sierra. ah, the yeas are 228, and the mays are 206. a long delayed wind for president joe biden as the us house of representatives passes his trillion dollar infrastructure though. ah, i money site, this is al jazeera life from dough. so coming up, owning an alliance against the government, ethiopia is opposition. vows to bring down the prime minister by force if needed, clashing with security forces.