one of the organizes is an inventor himself. he knows 1st hand how difficult it is to get investment for new innovations. normally are for as an inventor, it's very hard to start up your company. so what we are doing here are we bring the inventors and we call a lot of research and start up companies to meet them. and we hope it will be sort of a new business for them. it's hope this will become an annual event. the winners will be announced in a weeks time, victoria gate, and be al jazeera doha. ah, hello again. i'm fully bachelor in doha, with the headlines on al jazeera sedans, military leader says he will not be part of any future government. after the transitional period, general abdel fat arbor han has sold al jazeera. he is committed to transferring

power to civilian leadership, while elections are held in 2023, nor allowed them. oh, it is our pledge, a pledge we made to ourselves, the sudanese people and the international community that we are committed to completing the democratic transition, holding elections on time, and committed to not stopping any political activity as long as it is peaceful and within the bounds of the constitutional declaration and the past that have not been suspended. we also ask the international community to look at the issue critically and through the reality and wait to see what we do. we are committed to handing over power to civilian government. a government of national competency and we pledged to preserve the transition from any interference that can hinder it. vote counting is underway in nicaragua, where present daniel, take a is expected to win a 4 consecutive term. the u. s. has denounced the fall as a sham ortega jail 7 challenges and some 40 opposition leaders ahead of the

election. hundreds of thousands of people have run across ethiopia in support of government forces battling a rebel advance. the degree of rebels have captured strategic towns along the highway to the capital and threatened to move on at his registration will open for candidates in libby as the elections in the coming hours. december's vote will be the 1st time libyans have directly elected a president. since the overthrow of more mark adolphe, west africa regional bronco as has imposed sanctions on mondays transitional leaders for delaying election set for february. the restrictions include travel bonds and a freeze on their assets. starting on monday, the us will open its borders to fully vaccinated foreigners for the 1st time in 20 months. under covert 19 restrictions, non essential travel to the u. s. has been largely band. travelers will be required to show a negative covey 19 test. and those are the headlines on al jazeera next year. it's

top, so i'll just hear ah ah

full with climate change, it's a term we've been hearing for decades time and again. initiatives, summits, and speeches have been held to ring the alarm. but recent reports have revealed just how much damage human activity has done to our planet, and how late it is getting to turn things around. planet earth is now one and a half to 2 degrees celsius hotter than it was just before the time. cars replaced horses signed to say the damage is already irreversible, and that a climate catastrophe is only a matter of time. war leaders are now trying to reduce the impact that carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases have on our planet and its ability to sustain

life. leaders of the g 20 recently met in rome. they acknowledged that tackling the climate emergency is urgent and critical. but they fail to commit to a 2050 deadline for achieving net 0 emissions. they then met other world leaders in glasgow in yet another un climate summit club 26. a clock counting down to environmental catastrophe was on display. but can we stop the clock on climate change? talks and initiatives on the environment are usually driven by the world superpowers . but chile, it's now trying to have a loud voice. energy minister, one capital shall bay is widely seen as the countries champion in the fight against climate change. some of you may be asking yourself, what does such a small country how to do with such an enormous problem? let me put it this way. if climate change is goliath,

there is no better place or nurse to find david until he plans to turn chilly into one of the worlds biggest producers of so called green hydrogen by 2030 with the global markets, most competitive price. it world one on hydrogen and clean energy is not a new concept. in the $1800.00 science fiction, author juice, burn, predicted that water would one day become the source of the fuel of the future. and now technology has made it possible. but can't chile succeed, where for many, the world's largest economies appear to be failing? chili's energy minister, one catalog shall bay talks to al jazeera minister, quite a kind of survey. thank you so much for joining us at talk to i just cedar. i'd like to start by asking you why you are so convinced so sure that green hydrogen is

indeed the revolutionary energy source of the world needs right now. well, thank you so much for invitations. great to be here. so i'm convinced the green hydrogen. it's not the solution for the whole problem. we have we pump change but it's what i call. busy the missing link of the energy transition in essence because what the world is doing to reduce its, its carbon footprint, especially the energy sector, which is around 3275 percent of emissions is to use renewables in the power grid to generate cheap and clean electricity and then used that tricity all over the economy and transportation, housing in the industries. but that plan has one floor which is to, there are certain specific sectors of the economy that are very hard to electrify. our sectors in which the direct uses are increasing. they will not work, for example, steel and cement production, heavy duty trucking or shipping industry or plates, right?

my new trucks in those segments. most people agree that instead of using electricity directly, we batteries, we will be using green hydrogen and it's the river this green. i'm only our sink fuel synthetic pills. so and that will be around 20 percent of the global energy demand. so it's going to be an essential piece of a bigger puzzle. but if it is as good as it sounds, why isn't everybody using it already? why isn't it become widespread? why have there been various attempts to try to get hydrogen to replace fossil fuels and it hasn't worked? yes, it's true that the technology has been there for a long time. but he's the use of electricity through a process that it's called electrolysis to split the water molecule into hydrogen and oxygen. right? so that technology has been around for a long time. the thing is that the revolution and renewable energy

has allowed the world to produce electricity from renewables at a very low cost just recently. right? so since electricity around 50 to 80 percent of the cost of producing green hydrogen. and that costs has went down significantly. it's now that we have the possibility of producing green hydrogen at a cost that makes it competitive. we fossil fuels. we're still not there yet, but we are very close. how quickly will could the technology to allow green hydrogen to be competitive with fossil fuel steak? because as we all know, time is running out. yeah, we're running out of time. it's true. most people agree that before the end of the 2nd green hydrogen will be produced will be produced at a cost that can replace fossil fuels. 20252026. it depends. so it's very,

it's very short. we are already producing greenhouse intuitive for mining companies, for example. and i think that industry will develop very, very quickly. well, i'm going to get back to you soon on this whole issue of cost benefit and competition. but, but 1st i'd like to delve into what you just touched on briefly. why chile, i mean, you. chevy is saying that it is going to become the world leader in production, an export taishan of green hydrogen. how. why is it a small country like chile with a medium sized economy? how, how isn't that being over ambitious? i don't think so. i don't think so. so what we are saying is we're going to be able to produce the cheapest, green hydrogen on the planet by 2030. that is one of the goals. busy of our strategy, the probably the most important work. how, why do you think we can do that? because since electricity is the most important cost component of producing green, hydrogen we. and since we have the best natural resources to produce renewable

electricity, we will be able to produce the cheapest screen. let me give you 2 numbers. solar peavey in the data come a desert in the north. we have the best solar radiation on the planet. but that's not something that i say, everybody agrees on that. right? so you can produce cheap electricity in chile, i mean, in better condition than anywhere else, more than saudi arabia or spain. so capacity factors into lane the come with this are are up to 37 percent. so the array be probably 30. so we have a big cost advantage. i think the south and that is the capacity factor for wind farms are over 70 percent. and that compares we 55 percent in the north sea. right? so if we are able to harvest those resources to produce electricity and then bring hydrogen, we will be producing the cheapest,

green hydrogen on the planet. then when i tell the story some counterparts say ok minister, but you run those numbers. the japanese i would be traveling to japan soon. they said ok minister, we're very interested. we would be important greenhouse jen green, pneumonia fuels. but let us. 6 run our own numbers and they said ok, let's do that. and they hired the institute for energy comics of japan. they run their own numbers, and the conclusion is the same. the cheapest green pneumonia which is what they want to import. all the world. not only production, but we've shipping included, put in japan. we come from, even though chile is sort of at the end of the world. it depends on your point of view. but anyway, well, there is an advantage that it is very skinny countries were very far away from most developed economies. but if you take into account the costs of production and the cost of shipping ammonia to japan,

sheila still the most competitive place on earth to produce green. why do mentioned ammonia and not green hydrogen? yes, so looked into the chemistry for a little bit. so you just bit the, the molecule to get the hydrogen oxygen, the hydrogen still very expensive to, to move it around because you need to compress it. to cool down is very expensive. but if you combine hydrogen with nitrogen, which is in the air, basically you have a green ammonia that can be used as a fuel. pneumonia is the most important feedstock to produce fertilizers. so it's key for food and for explosives that are key for mining, right? the japanese want to burn ammonia to produce electricity, right? so we will be exporting ammonia 1st and eventually hydrogen, because ammonia, it's very easy to move around. the logistics of ammonia are already salt, but doesn't it also emit a lot of nothing? gas no,

doesn't know it 0 as emissions. i mean carbon neutral. it depends on the ship you're using to ship it around. right. but the, the shipping industry, it's moving quickly to reduce its own emissions. and they will be probably using ammonia to fuel themselves. one of the key problems that some of the critics point out is that it is so expensive right now to make green hydrogen that it would be better you that, that this renewable energy, wind and solar energy would be better used for other purposes like cards for example, batteries. yeah, but that's a good point that could be valid in certain countries where they don't have the abundance of natural resources that we have to produce clean electricity. so let me give you another number. we have identified renewable capacity that is 80 times bigger than the size of the grid. so that means that we will never be able to take

advantage of those resources. we want to use that electricity locally. so we need to find ways to export those resources to the world and producing green hydrogen ammonia and so on. is the best alternative to do to do that? well, julie is curiously, also the world's largest dealer right now is the world's largest producer of copper and exposure. but copper and mining in general are very, very dirty industries. but i understand that you have a plan to make green copper to little bit about that. that's the plan so. so the 1st thing about mineral said it's important. maybe we can come back to these later, but without minerals, we will not be able to stop climate change. i can come back to that later. but coming back to, to the carbon footprint of mining. so mining in chile is the biggest user of energy . it consumes 30 percent of our electricity and a big chunk of our fuels, right?

so they have 2 challenges in terms of emissions 1st to replace your power purchase agreements. so they're contracts to supply electricity moving out of cold into renewables. they're moving very quickly. we are pushing the industry to have more than 2 thirds of the supply reading tricity to be renewable by 2025. we're moving very quickly. the other challenge is diesel. so mining trucks burn a lot. busy of diesel. in chile they burned 2000000 cubic meters of diesel per year . that's a lot of these to replace that diesel. the best alternative. it's green hard. and most of the mining operations are located in places where we have very good solar irradiance. so we can produce the green hydrogen right there. we disorder radius, and then use our green hydrogen to replace the truck that would allow us to,

to make our. busy mining more competitive when costs go down and also to reduce the carbon footprint, which is very important, i think international markets will be increasingly aware and sensitive to the carbon footprint of the part of they would be consuming. so it's a great opportunity because the mining industry will take advantage of green hydrogen. but since it will become a very important source of local demand for green hydrogen, it will help us accelerate the development of the hydrogen industry. the global financial markets are still driven and dependent on oil and gas. opec calls the sources of energy, the engine of the world economy. clearly transitioning into a green economy, especially at a fast pace, requires a lot more than political will. and it certainly won't come at a cheap price. so how can the financial aspects of an environmentally friendly

market be covered? well, let me be the devil's advocate, a lot of people point out that you know, this sounds great on paper and in theory. but the truth is that governments around the world, including the chilean government, are not moving fast enough energetically enough. for example, according to experts and former ministers and environmental ministers of chile. the only way to really do this is to either increase substantially the price of pollution, abusing diesel, for example, attacks or heavy heavy subsidies on the part of the state in order to make green hydrogen competitive. and for electrolyzer and all these very expensive machines to actually get off the ground, but neither one is being done. both are being done. so 1st on subsidies, we're going to what i mean. important subsidies. ok. it depends, right? so we are, we would be awarding the 1st $50000000.00 of subsidies for private companies to

scale up production of gain hydrogen in cheating. right. and we think that us technology volts, saudi, this will not be required, but we are giving away $50000000.00 in a month or so. ok, and we're setting up a new facility, which is stage stage 2 with the world bank to land. very attractive, very attractive terms around a $100000000.00 for private projects of green hydrogen as what a new carbon tax we just set up a commission of economist that will propose a trajectory to increase ah, the carbon tax, which we think is very important to make clean alternatives, competitive with, with forces, because right now the chilling government practically subsidizes the diesel for the mining industry and public transport. so, you know, it's, it okay, just raise it a little that might work, but don't you agree that it has to be there has to be an incentive or very,

very strong incentive for the world to switch to green hydrogen when it's so much more comfortable to use a fossil fuels? yes. so i fully agree that we need to increase the the, the carbon dioxide. right. the price on carbon. by the way, i'm for a co chair of the carbon pricing leadership coalition that is pushing not only in chile, but internationally proven an agenda to increase the price of carbon. i think that is very important. in chile, we don't have subsidies for the use of d. so what we do have is some exceptions ah, 2 specific segments of the economy including mining, which i think we need to replace, eliminate, to make clean alternatives. luxury and hydrogen more competitive. if this is going to happen as quickly as you say, ah, it's going to take a lot more money than those $10000000.00 or even $100000000.00. i said 50 than.

busy a 100, okay. ah, yeah, it's, it that's, i'm sorry to say it this way, but it seems like peanuts for such a big change in the it's interesting because my billions, not millions. yeah. but some people say trillions. but, but the truth is that if you look at the renewable venture segment, continue, is developed very, very quickly without subsidies, without subsidy based on current, you know, natural resources, competitive business environment, and sound policy. that sense the rightsignature for the long run. i think in green hydrogen, the biggest hurdle is technology. how do we scale up production of hydrogen to reduce costs? well, that's going to take lots of money again. so who is going to pay for that chilly alone? can't do it. i don't. so i think it's going to be a combination because most of the green hydrogen and it's relative,

we'd be producing, will be consumed abroad, where we'd be exporting that. so, of takers, at some point we'll start paying price, compensates, the cost of producing green hunch. and germany, for example, launched a couple of months ago, an initiative that is called h to global. it's $900000000.00 euros, will be invested precisely to bridge the gap between the cost of producing green hydrogen on the $1.00 side, and the willingness to pay for hydrogen on the other side. right. so it's going to be a combination of natural resources from some countries of take it from other countries, subsidies and financial support from all countries in the world. it's going to be a combination. it's all going to happen overnight. but i'm convinced is going to happen very quickly. how did you get still interested in this? how did you become such a convert? you are, for example, a labor minister before, but now you're one of the biggest spokesman. yeah. proponents of green hydrogen.

yeah, it's true. so so that there's 2 parts to that to that question. so one is the, is the, the climate change it and i started reading on climate change a couple of years ago, more actively of the board read. the more convinced that is the biggest challenge we have. i have 3 daughters and i think of their future. and that is my main fuel. if we could do some work for the climate change engine, i think it's our biggest responsibility with the future generations. so for me, climate change has a human face. it's just the environment, it's future generations and but, but for me is very important. bring hydrogen. i remember when i came here 1st time 2 and a half years ago, to the ministry to the ministry yet i, i came across this number 80 times, the capacity would be ever be able to use local. i mean the renewable energy and i

was struggling. how are we going to be able to take advantage of that and share that with the world? and that's when i came across the green hydrogen agenda. and i realized is the best way to move renewable energy around the world from countries that have an excess of renewable energy capacity like $2.00 to $2.00 developed economies like japan, germany and other countries that will be buying those resources. what about the cost going back again of changing motors, the whole system of electricity that the world runs on in order to accommodate green hydrogen isn't going to slow this down significantly. we need to, according to the, to chili's plans and most, most government say that their commitment is to completely be carbon neutral by the year 2050. but would that mean scrubbing airplane strange cars, everything we know?

yeah, but it's going to be a transition. that's why we talk about the energy transition, right? it's not going to be an immediate. i mean reset. so think about cars for example. so electric vehicles are green hydrogen vehicles when they become competitive. more expensive when you acquire them, then the cost of using them per kilometer is much lower, right? so you make an initial investment that's higher, but then you more than recover that initial investment because you have savings along the life of those vehicles, right? so, so clean investments at some point people thought, i mean we were going to be making clean investments because it's good for the environment where we heard our returns because it's good for the environment, but that's not true. and the longer, right show us technology volts. the investments that will be require to change our

economy will be profitable. so we will have a win win for the environment and for the economy as well. is how much time is there to make this transition? we don't have a lot of time. i think one of the important discussions that had accelerated in the last 6 months or a year is that we, we, a couple years ago, we're thinking about 2050. we're saying we need to be carbon neutral by 2050, which is where the purchase agreement, which is true. but increasingly, countries are looking into 2030. we're saying if we're not able to reduce emissions by half by 2030, it's going to be impossible to. i mean, be carbon neutral by 2050. so i think this decade is essential. these tickets before 2031 to reduce our emissions. bye. what do you say to those leaders who don't even believe that climate change is caused by man and the who are dragging their feet and they're could continuing to use coal and all kinds of fossil fuels

quite freely in the name of development. think of all your kids, you've got your grandchildren and read about climate change. i mean, if you just take time to read 3 or 4 books, it would be convinced if you have an open mind and you have an honest approach to it. um, i think the, the things we do or we don't do on this agenda is the bar by which future generations will judge us. so i agree, i understand that sometimes the political agenda or the economic agenda, i mean, gets in the way of the climate agenda. but i think if we are responsible to your future generations, we need to push this agenda, foreign minister on capitol hill. it. thank you so much for talking to al jazeera. i think that the surgeon

november on al jazeera, 5 years after the his story. he steel between fog rebels and the colombian government algebra examined white tensions and violence of rising. once again. emily award winning for flies investigates the untold stories across the us millions in calgary don boat in parliamentary elections under a new constitution. and more than a year after the last old figured political crisis. the mercy of personal short documentary africa direct showcases african stories from african filmmakers, china marks 100 days until it host the winter olympics. but how will the pandemic and course for a boycott, impact the sporting event november on al jazeera, new from the shoals of the red sea storage. a clean more sac is

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