into public employee's permission as if in a couple months we are hoping that the orchestra gets proper funding and it's not like now on the playing for special occasions. every musician dreams of playing solo. if there is no orchestra, how will this dream come true? with few opportunities available, it's a dream. many musicians are now pursuing abroad. the talk you can in elgin 0 man jordan. ah, exactly 713 gmc, you're watching l 20. i'm pete adobe, your top stories. the un security council says the conflict in ethiopia is to grow region risks becoming a nation wide civil war. the african union envoy is meeting local leaders on tuesday to push for the escalation in a country over a 110000000 people over 90 different ethnic groups and 80 languages. no

one can predict what continue fighting and insecurity will bring. but let me be clear, what is certain is that the risk of ethiopia descending into a widening civil war is only to real. that would bring about a humanitarian catastrophe and consume the future of such an important country. poland has close part of its border crossing to bella roofs, after large groups of migrants tried to force their way through poland and e. you accuse fellers of encouraging the migration flow in retaliation for sanctions? the u. s. and the european union, a leading call to reject the outcome of elections in nicaragua, president daniel ortega, one around 76 percent of the vote on sunday. most opposition figures were arrested or barred from running. serious military says israel had carried out air strikes and central and western provinces, wounding 2 soldiers. state tv showed exclusion,

as it said were steering defense systems shooting down is really missiles, serious as we're playing, spite missiles while flying over 11 on a fire to school. in the 2nd largest city is killed. please 26 children age between 3 and 8. it happened in marauding close the southern border with nigeria. 3 classrooms made of store wood were destroyed. many schools in rural nisha use those materials making them a dangerous fire risk. the u. s. is fully reopened to vaccinated international travelers and in panoramic restrictions imposed 20 months ago. visitors for more than 30 countries have been banned since early last year. they can now enter with proof of vaccination and a negative cobit 19 test land borders with mexico and canada. have also completely reopened. those are your headlines. the news continues off the inside story. more news in 30. i'll see you that in the vietnam war, the u. s. army used to heidi toxic had the side with catastrophic consequences.

agent orange was the most destructive instance with chemical warfare. a decade later, the same happened in the us state of oregon. these helicopters flying over the ridge brang something they didn't even see the caird foot 2 women are still fighting for justice against some of the most powerful forces in the world. the people versus agent orange. on al jazeera, the taliban used to be suspicious of polio vaccinations. now it's allowed a mass immunization campaign in afghanistan to go ahead. so, why has the group changed its position and can the disease finally be eradicated? this is inside story. ah

hello and welcome to the program. i'm how much m job. much of the world is free of polio, a disease that can paralyze and disfigure children. but in afghanistan, the taliban made it difficult for health workers to eradicate the virus. its fighters limited you and organizations from carrying out door to door, vaccinations in areas that controlled and health workers were attacked. more than 3000000 children missed out on being inoculated. but the tele bond's been under pressure to cooperate with international agencies and received humanitarian aid. and now in control of the country, it's launched a 4 day immunization campaign, along with the un, they hope to vaccinate 10000000 children under 5 years old. the groups promised to protect vaccination teams and female health workers. back in october, the world health organization said the campaigns a huge opportunity to eradicate polio once and for all right, now we are seeing a unprecedented opportunity with very little polio board. 10 of that is son and

budget stuff. and for any of these countries to succeed, they succeed together. and over the last 3 and a half years, approximately 3300000 children who were living in areas under our control. the vaccination campaigns could not reach them because the sullivan at that time had restricted house to house vaccination in those areas, merely for security reasons. afghanistan and neighboring pakistan are the only 2 countries in the world where polio remains in demik. afghanistan reported $56.00 new infections last year and has had only one case of the wild polio virus. since october 2020 conflict has disrupted the vaccination campaign since 2018 health workers have been attacked and at least 8 vaccinated, including 3 women were killed between march and june. the taliban had band

vaccination teams in areas control before it took cobble in august. some of its members accused health workers of spying for the west. ah. all right, let's bring in our guess in kabul, dr. nick, while he sharp mormon coordinator of afghanistan's national emergency operations center for the eradication of polio in for shower. dr. nadeem john a public health doctor recognized for his work on pakistan's polio eradication program and also in cobble, looked full of political analyst and researcher a warm welcome to you all. and thanks for joining us today on inside story dr. mom and let me start with you today. how difficult will it be to carry out this inoculation campaign and how will the taliban ensure the safety of the health workers? so i think there is no problem in front of this. combine. we hill started these campaigns and by permission about elder i will,

i will let me get it up. i would understand so daily and legit and you know before the a lot of children's a lot of hurdles it was was it was an inch and grew did was not feast. there was an, a lot of harm them, but know what trinity they, there's no problem for us. but for le, let me ask you, africana stan and pakistan are the only 2 countries in the world where polio remains in demick. how much of a threat is that to the population of both countries? thank you so much for having a great fit for what i'm going to study. pakistan. didn't perceived that internationally and he started good again can become the if you center will you disease if more tackled and address professionally and urgently. because if you see that the risk is that if we would not put the

right to get you from one is done in pakistan in the next 20 years, every year, 200000 case it would be, it would pretty much. it would also turn it into a global issue. we must not specify, you call, you don't want to study my son yet, for i think it is the that the moral imperative in responsibility offer help organizations that agencies a countries will in tears and the headboard goes to schedule it, and cody or disease is eradicated and every single child, you know, understanding studies demonized. dr. john this inoculation campaign that started how important, how significant a milestone is it? oh, and moment honestly, the whole word has zoomed is focused on this of understand combat. and i wouldn't

be wrong in saying that this is the only con bender has attracted the ward or tension into 3 tickets history, a whole new application for obvious reasons. so on homes are on of understand government and understand stakeholders and apprenticed on workers how they get your districts nation campaign. since for the last 3 years of honest on hasn't been successful with a total dual little explanation come band. and it would be the 1st time they had a total local bill of nation compound will be carried out in east new can con, little plan is done this year to $3300000.00 children. so all hopes we are very much optimistic though there is some kevin as was a plan earlier that the security for debts would begin, but there can be manage if that is a powerful planning and integration of the whole nation approach towards this mission combined. so we look forward to a quality based mission come ban subsequently, us from december bill to come, ben and it's, and candice with the pakistan campaign so that they do

a demick country. there's marcus on it of on is done if they jointly work together . i think this man is, can be as easily educated as possible and, and hopefully july in the next year. if this in zealand enthusiasm and the coordination continue, the hottest time buck is done before you free. dr. moment we were just talking about the fact that the polio is only an endemic in afghanistan and pakistan. there's the only 2 countries in the world right now where it remains from your vantage point. how big of a threat is polio to the population in afghanistan? yes, of course you are right to the 3rd term part of the. ready nation, not only but i will, but part of that is stop toward starting a new explanation of the way to major the substance of polio outbreak of the country and ensure that there is more international spit from other countries. so

this is a very hard time that we have control and in all of the country. and we have access to unity bias district. and we have fond of it and we are willing to be assist. you create a ticket these, the crippling disease from not only but from all of the like. ready a small, much to be an advocate to look for this really does mark a significant about face from the taller bonds position during their years of fighting against the western back government. right. i mean, the fact that this campaign is being allowed to happen, that is, you know, a very big change, correct? of course, this is a very big change in, at the same time. this is a very big opportunity for the taliban to india. he engage with the international community, redid toilet agencies with health organizations. number one premier,

can the already fragile his system, which is her heart by the will be 19 and other problems, the lack of funding, the, and deficits in a lot of critical areas. but this give us clear a significant change in the behavior of the taliban. could you quality with regard to pull you last week with the units? if in with the w to get a made a commitment that the, the pull you up initial resume, house to whole house for house, you know, run is done, which is a good thing. and also one of my colleagues or friend raise the issue of security security was a sore, fundamental issue and problem for, for 40 combine of pull you explanation that a running start now that it is secreted, at least for now. so it would be a lot easier for the taliban in for the help organizations to care your dis

complain across a plan is done and last week also the the taliban. they have come committed, that they will be assuring the safety and security off the front line headquarters in alliance done, which is a good thing. and i think it is an essential requisite for the successful implementation of will you come by and of course online it's done. dr. john, i myself have reported numerous times over the years from the sites of inoculation campaigns in different parts of the world. i know that it's one thing to announce that there will be a campaign, but then there are also the logistics of mounting, such an operation and they can sometimes be quite challenging. so i want to ask you from your vantage point, what are some of the biggest challenges for the front line workers in this particular effort? yes, moment one, we discussed their security and, and the government and district order need to develop

a meticulous security plan. and then you to integrate the whole security practice and the communities into it so that no mishap is encountered. the 2nd challenge is of course, the logistics one there is a standard and is har martinez. and so the way the harshness has started, so they need to be taken care of and just as can be pretty poor before the compound into those areas which are hard to reach. so there's another one then that will all these logistics and security is the motivation of the work that need to be augmented meant then, and incentivized because working in understand in this kind of situation, it's not a small cost. i think it requires a empty threat of the security. so there is their motivation has to be maintained and they should be duty supported

by the government, by the security apparatus and also by the communities. in addition to that, i said that what we did in pakistan, we embark upon a perception management strategy so that we can take on board the whole spectrum of the society along with scenarios by been in viet hurts and mines and convincing and removing the all the prevention, so i think the same approach can be implemented before launching the company in the, in the communities and for their to risk mapping can be conducted by the us by the programs. where did is heidi's in started. you should be caught, you tele, medicine assistance can be one. what if there is any up in the lower risk and notice areas. similarly from the past, from the security point of view, the sam, this mapping and notice management study should be implemented that's, that's part and parcel of any mass nation come ban. and there is ample learning for

the word or in the pakistan. will you program we encountered similar problems in the x part are areas where there was a band on between nation or when we go to 3 years in the 3000000 children were deprived of the nation. but and finally, thanks to the civil military leadership of pakistan, we join hands together. they designed a strategy and in the explanation was get it in art and and you can connor focused on including the, the florida area by doing what was the 1st to start a new way to succeed mission back in 2000, 1617 and 18. so then just text me and i think that that is already called coordination forum. good. understand? so this, this cross border coordination form can work together in the learning and we are shared with each other. so we are optimistic pulling it up on these challenges will be encountered amicably. dr. walkman, the international community has frozen

a lot of afghanistan's assets. do you believe that you are going to be able to get the kind of technical support and resources you need in order to carry out more of these campaigns? and also it's estimated that the target population for this campaign is around 10000000 children. is that achievable right now? yes. a to in future it would be a lot like a challenge, but no up to $20.00 to $22.00. we are able to carry out this, combine a par on you to some food in a clue. will face problem in future, but we hope that help that i want it to be impartial and non political. so then better be no problem. definitely we need financial

technical support. ready and international doing like w 2 units, gpa or. ready the other so now there is no problem if they are willing to, to, to impose tension on the health system, then there will be a problem. if this 4 day campaign goes smoothly, do you think these types of programs will be expanded? i mean, do you see this as a hopeful find that there will be more of this going forward? yes, we are hopeful that's 2 more of this. have to come when it's time to take a different and difficult problems in a lot of sun, particularly the health problems. but i work here at one point that it was a lot of capacity built over the years in the ministry up to code. so i think what they did in order to do is combines to be successful. what they tell you about

needs to do is to recall the of the human capital and to people who are like, what you all up get expertise in the public health sphere. a lot of them are now like live off and just to nick is the better for you to, to, to call them back to give you peace and other kind of them for support for in a professional, technical way. in order for those problems to be solved in full dues, compliance to be successful across a line is from dr. john, we were talking before about some of the difficulties, the challenges in mounting this kind of an operation, whether they are security concerned or whether they are logistical. i want to ask you specifically about vaccine hesitancy. and the reason i'm asking about this is because of course, the cia had used a fake vaccination campaign in their efforts to find osama bin laden in pakistan in 2011. how much vaccine hesitancy is there in pakistan as a result of that?

does that still remain? is there still any kind of lingering fear that vaccinate or is our spies? first of all, i would like to dispel the impression that for the which one for will be it was not related to this and it was affected by practice. and so there's one, and then of course there created a good deal because it didn't see in the mind, especially in those areas where that is, i'm ready to see very high and did it. it is running around and the government rate and the government credibility was, was not there strong. so it created a dizzy, but couple bye bye, a little bit of l. a n t rex or come fans. you might be a bit and you is and you get in belgium, everywhere. there was an empty base against the nation,

especially the reasons because that do use countries or when you're free. but there should be resistance to with the nation by, by resisting the children who connect against midland and similarly, and other engines. because the nation, we witnessed resistance from many countries and that has been documented. so there is a little bit of skepticism. i don't see nation, but zooming in on pakistan, context focused on made a significant progress by launching this community based fixing it as in delta g. so there they are from those areas just killed in which you nation. but they're also trained in communication and addressing any pensions and talking to the communities and the parents reaching out to them. so they got a degree of trust and confidence in those communities and apprehensions as gradually success subsided, but still yes, in the previous campaigns there,

there was refusal for, for other reasons like the repeated comment phenomena in the completion fatigue. and of course, the dog must be condition, creates a steady, which has been a disparate greater degree, but still it exists in pockets. but there is a commitment. and it is a strategy for it is called perception management strategy that has been implemented and it has worked out to a greater degree. dr. mom, in, in the past, there have been members of the taliban who spoke out against vaccines. they were suspicious of polio vaccines specifically and some suggested they were part of a western plot. is that something right now that's going to make it more difficult to ensure that people get vaccinated?

will people be more skeptical because the taliban has essentially changed its minds now about polio vaccines. here soon, there to her right now. there is no one. 0, but we come across. they are skeptical. are they are against the pool, you oxidation in from the top to bottom new i i when he's on his language amenities now blue oxy. so we have started this campaign to be miles from us way the bottom is on our elders and new year. oh, going to reach this little pull you up into the child in unit are not out the country right now. i haven't met someone there to he is against this. when you combine other works, look fuller how. how big is an obstacle for it? from your point of view, how big of an obstacle is misinformation when it comes to vaccinations being carried out in afghanistan? well advanced on, is it clear society?

does the electricity see just payrolling or across the country? the, the, the, the, well will you combined was not going to get it in the right rear to, to the people in a honey them. there was the usual for weakness. and of course the usual missed in for a mission is a significant challenge. right now for, for just a significant challenge in to say that the, in the past for example, body bon, oppose the combines off, i'll call you what solution that one is done. this is adding into the problem and complexity off and implementing, implementing the the pull you sedation, combine that of my son. but what we need to do right now is the only one we need to do right now is to 2 addressed as usual to communicate in the right way. example,

the religious class can play a bigger group compared to other other parties. other words, they can, can really easily convince the people and who are, for example, going to mosque the school teachers at the, in the education sector, they're going to be at your group. and if you could be a strategy as my friend from pakistan as mission, mission level, the perception management strategy was around when you to build a perception was the at the, the, the benefits of what do you, what solution and you're still articulation. and then when you combine the perception, so that way i think we, we can be successful in what kind of challenge in atlanta, dr. john, when it comes to the international community, how much of a test is this campaign going to be? for me, it's a paradigm shift in the understand what your history because out if you go back

to history, when you had a bag, it was the eddie us under the influence of these taliban, which existed louis mission company. and now this is gene, which is a taliban regime is for the next you nation company. so already the ship has taken place already. we are now winning street. so no, we need to bend on that and there's how the communities can be one or if the leadership is there. and if it is unanimous of course, like we did in pakistan, the all religious sex issues fred was in fair enough to the 2 nations and they considered a law that are kind of some are really big asian vixen if you had children. so aunts really just left out well unanimous on a loving that makes knitters tuition their children in any areas the same can be updated and honest on is when did they i think they can. now we know what if there

is a centralized government, isn't there a mandate and they can deep needed the communities and international community, of course is looking ready ready optimistically towards this and then the fingers are crossed. we look forward to can be a super stop that the discontent, a goes successful, the end of the children that makes united and we don't see any untoward incident. then there is no resistance build on. if one time this company's successful, then there would be a build on it used in the launching band for such as comments. all right, well we have run out of time, so we're going to have to leave the conversation there. thank you so much. all our guests doctor make while the shop woman will full a little, and dr. nadeem john and thank you to for watching. you can see the program again any time by visiting our website, al jazeera dot com, and for further discussion, go to our facebook page. that's facebook dot com, forward slash

e j inside story. you can also join the conversation on twitter. our handle is at a j inside story for me and how much i'm drilling a whole team here. bye for enough. ah november, we'll see vulgarians votes in a 3rd parliamentary election this year. public outcry the widespread corruption brought down former prime minister boy cape or itself. but finding a replacement has proved problematic. will it be 3rd time lucky in the bulgarian election, special coverage on counties era stories that need to be told find a way of getting a window into another life. these are my babies, my students where i go, where i see them. it's just like we are in secondary, from personal endeavors in epic struggle to colossal sacrifices in individual jenny

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a happy al jazeera english proud recipient of the new york festivals broadcaster of the year reward for the 5th year running. ah, the risk, the feel be a descending into a widening civil war is only to real un security council. he is a dire assessments about ethiopia is conflicts under warning. there's only a small window of opportunity to act. ah, welcome on peach adobe. you're watching all.