killed for his past crimes and for his country. statements that few here are in a position to challenge. nicholas hark, al jazeera monrovia satellite imagery appears to show china has built mockups of a u. s. navy aircraft, carrier and destroyer in its northwest and deserts their believe to be part of new target practice measures as tensions rise between washington and beijing. over taiwan and the south china sea, china's government hasn't commented about the images. ah, exactly, 1130 g m t. these are your top story so far today. the un security council says the conflict in ethiopia to gray region risks becoming a nation wide civil war. the african union envoy is meeting local leaders on tuesday to push for de escalation. it's after a recent escalation of the conflict, which could see rebels marching on the capital, addis ababa. a court in sudan has ordered internet services should be restored more

than 2 weeks after most of them were blocked, the national consumer protection council suit, telecommunications companies over the shot down the directors of those companies face arrest. possibly, if the court's decision isn't implemented, it, but morgan now from cotton. when we spoke the officials repeatedly over this internet shut down, they said it was to protect the stability of the country and the security. they say many people online on social media, we're using it for on 5 minutes. let's not forget that when the internet had done began, it began in the early hours of october 25th. that's when the army took over the cabinet. a took over the government, arrested several government officials and shut down the empire at now. many people have been relying on it especially active as to mobilize during the transition period. they used the use the internet to call for process, but also to raise awareness about the latest issue. the comp 26 talks in glasgow, we're focusing on the disproportionate effect. climate change has on vulnerable

people that includes women who are more likely to live in poverty and be less able to move freely rules for carbon markets and payments to disadvantage countries are also due to be discussed. countries of so far, pledge to say forests and cut methane emissions. whole is police have share the video, showing a group of migrants camped on the border with belarus overnight. poland closed entry points as a crisis escalates of refugees and migrants. belarus is accused of encouraging the migrants to try to cross the border in retaliation for sanctions, the migrant say that trapped in an increasingly desperate situation. the fire as a school denisia 2nd biggest city has killed at least 26 children aged between 3 and 8. it happened in marauding close to the southern border with nigeria. 3 classrooms made of wood on straw, were destroyed. those are headlines. the news continues here on al jazeera, after inside story, last one use of course, whenever you want on the website out as you're dot com,

hollis here from 12. i'll see it's more from 7 g until then. but ah, the taliban used to be suspicious of polio vaccinations. now it's allowed a mass immunization campaign in afghanistan to go ahead. so why has the group changed its position and can the disease finally be eradicated? this is inside story. ah

hello and welcome to the program. i'm how much am john? much of the world is free of polio, a disease that can paralyze and disfigure children. but in afghanistan the taliban made it difficult for health workers to eradicate the virus. its fighters limited un organisations from carrying out door to door, vaccinations in areas that controlled and health workers were attacked. more than 3000000 children missed out on being inoculated. but the tele bonds been under pressure to cooperate with international agencies and received humanitarian aid. and now in control of the country, it's launched a 4 day immunization campaign, along with the un, they hope to vaccinate 10000000 children under 5 years old. the groups promised to protect vaccination teams and female health workers. back in october, the world health organization said the campaigns a huge opportunity to eradicate polio once and for all right, now, we are seeing a unprecedented opportunity with very little polio bought in of that,

a son in pakistan. and for any of these countries to succeed, they would succeed together. and over the last 3 and a half years, approximately 3300000 children who were living in areas under valid and control. the vaccination campaigns could not reach them because the volleyball at that time had restricted house to house vaccination in those areas, merely for security reasons. afghanistan and neighboring pakistan are the only 2 countries in the world where polio remains in demik. afghanistan reported $56.00 new infections last year and has had only one case of the wild polio virus. since october 2020 conflict has disrupted the vaccination campaign since 2018 health workers have been attacked and at least 8 vaccinated, including 3 women were killed between march and june. the taliban had band

vaccination teams and areas controlled before it took cobble in august. some of its members accused health workers of spying for the west. ah. all right, let's bring in our guess in cobble, doctor nick, while he shot woman coordinator of afghanistan's national emergency operation center, for the eradication of polio in for shower. dr. nadeem john a public health doctor recognized for his work on pakistan's polio eradication program and also in cobble with full la looks political analyst and researcher a warm welcome to you all. and thanks for joining us today on inside story dr. mom and let me start with you today. how difficult will it be to carry out this inoculation campaign and how will the taliban ensure the safety of the health workers? so i think there is no problem in front of this. combine. we hill started these campaigns by permission about elder. i'm wrong. i wow. now let me get it up. i

would understand. so deals in which it is, you know, before there are a lot of children. a lot of hurdles it was, was it was an intern go did it was not fees did was oh, a lot of problem. but know what trinity there is no problem for us. but for le, let me ask you, afghanistan and pakistan are the only 2 countries in the world where polio remains in demick. how much of a threat is that to the population of both countries. thank you so much for having b or will it is a didn't perceived that internationally again, can become the if you center or will you disease if more tackled and address professionally and urgently. because if you see that the risk is that if we

would not put the right to get your crime, one is done in pakistan. in the next 20 years, every year, 200000 case it would be, it would pretty much. it would also turn into a global issue. we must not specify, you call you to understand like it's not just for i think it is the that the moral imperative in responsibility offer health organizations. under agencies, a countries will in tears, and the headboard goes to schedule it until the a disease is eradicated and every single time you know, understanding the parking studies demonized. dr. john, this inoculation campaign that started how important, how significant a milestone is it hold moment. honestly, the whole word has zoomed is focused on this of understand come ban. and i wouldn't

be wrong in saying that this is the only con band that has attracted the ward or tension into 3 tickets. history of all your medications, for obvious reasons. so on hold are on of understand government and understand stakeholders and apprenticed on workers how they get your districts nation campaign . since for the last 3 years of honest on hasn't been successful with a total dual rural nation come ban and it was the 1st time they had a total local abuse. mission compound will be carried out in east milken cotton, little finest on visiting $3300000.00 children. so all hopes we are very much optimistic though there is some caveat as was a plan earlier that the security threats would begin, but there can be manage if there is a total planning and integration of the whole nation approach towards this mission combined. so we look forward to a quality based mission come ban subsequently asked me to somebody to come, ben did sank on this with the pakistan campaign so that they do

a demick country. there's buckets on it of honest on if they jointly work together, i think this menace can be as easily educated as possible and, and hopefully july in the next year. if this in zealand enthusiasm and the coordination, continue, the on assign buck is done before you free. dr. moment we were just talking about the fact that the polio is only an endemic in afghanistan and pakistan. there's been only 2 countries in the world right now where it remains from your vantage point. how big of a threat is polio to the population in afghanistan? yes, of course, you are right to the 3rd part of the nation. not only will benny some, but for that i stop the word starting a new explanation of new military way to measure the substance of polio outbreak of the country and ensure that there is more international spit from nissan for other

countries. so this is a very hard time that we have control on a, in all of the country. and we have access to unity, brian unity district. and we have a bond of it and we are willing to be assist. you create a ticket, the crippling disease from atlantic not only but like a small, much to be an advocate to look for this really does mark a significant about face from the taller bonds position during their years of fighting against the western back government. right. i mean, the fact that this campaign is being allowed to happen, that is, you know, a very big change, correct? of course, this is a very big change in, at the same time. this is a very big opportunity for the taliban to india. he engage with the international community. we did toilet agencies with health organizations, number one premier,

can the already fragile his system, which is her heart by the will be 19 and other problems, the lack of funding, the and deficits in a lot of critical areas. but this give us clear a significant change in the behavior of the taliban. good quality with regard to pull you last week with the units. if in with the w to get a made a commitment that the, the pull you up initially resume house to whole house for house, you know, run is done, which is a good thing. and also one of my colleagues or friend raise the issue of security id security was a sore, fundamental issue and problem for, for 40 compile of pull you up finishing that iran is done now that it is secreted or at least for now. so it would be a lot easier for the taliban in for the help organizations to care your dis

complain across a plan is done and last week also the the taliban. they have come committed, that they will be assuring the safety and security off the front line headquarters in a vice done, which is a good thing. and i think which is, is an essential requisite for the successful implementation of will you come by. and of course, i'm glad it's done. dr. john, i myself have reported numerous times over the years from the sites of inoculation campaigns in different parts of the world. i know that it's one thing to announce that there will be a campaign, but then there are also the logistics of mounting, such an operation and they can sometimes be quite challenging. so i want to ask you from your vantage point, what are some of the biggest challenges for the front line workers in this particular effort? yes, moment one, we discussed their security and, and the government and district order need to develop

a meticulous security plan. and then need to integrate the whole security practice and the communities into it so that no mishap is encountered. the 2nd challenge is of course the logistics one. there is a standard and it is hard, martinez. and so the, the way the harshness has started. so they need to be taken care of and just as can be pretty poor before the compound into those areas which are hard to reach. so there's another one then that will all these logistics and security is the motivation of the work that need to be augmented meant then, and an incentivized because we're working in an honest on, in this kind of situation. it's not a small cost. i think it requires a empty threat of the security. so there is their motivation has to be maintained and they should be duty supported

by the government, by the security apparatus and also by the communities. in addition to that, i said that what we did in pakistan we embark upon a perception management strategy so that we can take on board the whole spectrum of the society along with scenarios. but even in good hearts and minds and convincing and removing the all the prevention. so i think the same approach can be implemented before launching the company in the, in the communities and for the risk mapping can be conducted by the way the programs are where it is heidi's been started, you should be caught and you tell a message. so that the existence can be one, what if there is any in the lower risk and noticed areas. similarly from the, from the security point of view, the sam, this mapping and notice management 30 should be implemented. that's, that's part and parcel of any mass ignition. come ban and there is ample learning

for the word or in the pakistan will you program. we encountered similar problems in the next part are areas where there was a band on between nation or when we go to 3 years in the 3000000 children were deprived of the nation. but and finally, thanks to the civil military leadership of pakistan. we join hands together and it designed a strategy and in the explanation was get it in art and and you can connor focused on including the, the part area by doing what was the 1st to start a new way to succeed mission back in 20161718. so then it says success story and i think that that is already called coordination forum. good. understand. so this, this cross border ordination forum can work together in the learning and we are shared with each other. so we are optimistic pulling it up on these challenges will be encountered amicably. dr. walkman, the international community has frozen

a lot of afghanistan's assets. do you believe that you are going to be able to get the kind of technical support and resources you need in order to carry out more of these campaigns? and also it's estimated that the target population for this campaign is around 10000000 children. is that achievable right now? yes. a to in future it will be a lot like a challenge, but no up to $20.00 to $22.00. we are able to carry out this, come by a par on you to some food in a clue. will face problem in future, but we hope that that i want it to be impartial and non political. so then there will be no problem. definitely we need financial

technical support. ready and international doing like w to a unit gpa. ready chain, so now there is no problem going to to, to impose tension on the health system, then there will be a problem. if this 4 day campaign goes smoothly, do you think these types of programs will be expanded? i mean, do you see this as a hopeful find that there will be more of this going forward? yes, we are who pulled us 2 more of this. have to come when it's time to take a different and difficult problems and some particularly the health problems. but i work here at one point that there was a lot of capacity built over the years in the ministry of public health. so i think what they do in order to do is combines to be successful. what did anybody needs to

do is to recall the, the human capital and to people who are like, could you all up get expertise in the public health sphere? a lot of them are now like live off and just to net it is the better for you to live on to, to call them back to your duties and other for them to support them for in a professional, technical way. in order for reduce problems to be solved in full dues combines to be successful across and one is from dr. john, we were talking before about some of the difficulties, the challenges in mounting this kind of an operation, whether they are security concerned or whether they are logistical. i want to ask you specifically about vaccine hesitancy. and the reason i'm asking about this is because of course, the cia had used a fake vaccination campaign in their efforts to find osama bin laden in pakistan in 2011. how much vaccine hesitancy is there in pakistan as a result of that?

does that still remain? is there still any kind of lingering fear that vaccinate or is our spies? first of all, i would like to dispel the impression that the, which $14.00 will be it was not related to this and it was affected by practice. so there's one, and then of course there created a great deal. is it in see in the mind, especially in those areas where there is on monday to see very high and derek, it is running around and the government rate and the government credibility was, was not there strong. so it created a dizzy but couple by, by a little bit of l. off end t rex or come fans. you might be a bit excited in use and you get in the gym everywhere. there was an empty

back against vaccination, especially the reasons because they do use countries of when you're free, but they should get resistance to which the nation by, by resisting the children who connect against midland and similarly and other entities. because the nation, we witnessed resistance from many countries and that has been documented. so there is a little bit of skepticism i don't with the nation. but zooming in on focused on context focused on made a significant progress by launching this community based between it and data. so there are from those areas just killed in which you nation, but they're also trained in communication and addressing any pensions and talking to the communities and the parents reaching out to them. so they got a degree of trust and confidence in those communities and apprehensions as gradually success subsided, but still yes. in the previous campaign,

still there was refusal for, for other reasons like the repeated competent phenomena in the completion fatigue. and of course, the dog most like nation, creates a steady which has been a disparate greater degree, but still it exists in pockets. but there is a commitment. and it is a strategy for there is called perception management strategy that has been implemented and it has worked out to a greater degree. dr. mom, in, in the past, there have been members of the taliban who spoke out against vaccines. they were suspicious of polio vaccines specifically and some suggested they were part of a western plot. is that something right now that's going to make it more difficult to ensure that people get vaccinated?

will people be more skeptical because the taliban has essentially changed its minds now about polio vaccines. here soon, there to her right now. there is no one on that we come across, but they are skeptical. are they are against the pool, you oxidation in from the top to bottom new i when he's on his language amenities now blue oxy. so we have started this campaign to be miles from us way, the permission, our elders, and the via who are going to reach this will pull you up into the child in unit or not of the country. and i know i haven't met someone there to he is against this. when you combine other works, look fuller how. how big is an obstacle from your point of view? how big of an obstacle is misinformation when it comes to vaccinations being carried out in afghanistan?

well, of my son is peculiar society, electricity it is running across the country. the dig, well, well you can find was not communicated in the right. we're to, to the people in a one of them. yeah, well do you show up? we have this and of course the usual middle information is a significant challenge right now for, for just a significant challenge in to say that the, in the, for example, one of the combines off of all you what phoenician that one is done. this is adding into the problem and complexity of implementing, implementing the, the pool you what solution combine that was done. but what we need to do right now is that everybody need to right now is to, to aggressive usual to coming to get it in the right way. but example,

the religious class can, can play people who compared to other other qualities. other nickel can really, you really can reach the people who are, for example, most the school teachers in the kitchen so they can get your approval if you could be a strategy as my friend from your mission mission, for example, the perception management strategy was you could build a perception was the, the benefit of you was nation obligation and then we need to manage the perception. so that way i think we, we can be successful and work on this challenge. you know, what is dr. john when it comes to the international community? how much of a test is this campaign going to be? one me, it's a paradigm shift in the of understand your history. because if you go back to

history one airbag, it was the eddie us under the influence of these taliban, which existed louis mission company. and now this is gene, which is a taliban regime is for the explanation company. so already the ship has taken place already. we are now winning street. so no, we need to bend on that and there's how the communities can be one or if the leadership is there. and if it is unanimous of course, like we did in pakistan, the all religious sex issues fred was in fair enough to leave the nation. and they're considered a law that are kind of some are really big asian rickson if you had children. so aunts really just left out well unanimous on a loving that because it has to be send their children in any areas. the same can be updated and honest on it and, and they,

i think they can. now we know what if there is a centralized government, isn't there a mandate and they can deep needed the communities and international community, of course is looking ready ready optimistically towards this and then the fingers are crossed. we look forward to can be a super stop that deb discontent a goes successful the end of the children that originated and we don't see any untoward incident been and there is no resistance could've been wrong. if one time just companions successful did did, would be a bit on lunch in bed for such as comments. all right, well we have run out of time, so we're going to have to leave the conversation there. thank you so much. all our guest doctor make while he shaw woman with full a look and dr. nadeem john, and thank you to for watching, you can see the program again any time by visiting our website al jazeera dot com, and for further discussion, go to our facebook page. that's facebook dot com, forward slash ha inside story. you can also join the conversation on twitter. our

handle is at a jay inside story for me and how much i'm drilling a whole team here. bye for now. ah ah. a with

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