since s w s, w, detect came into their transitional government and that was what was important for the south african concession at the time. not to alienate various parts of the south african population. he was the deputy president along with w. becky, members of the former national party also form part of their cabinet. so they had to be that physical transition. even administratively, there was a relationship that allowed for symbolically south africans to adapt to the new south africa. and so it was important that that relationship between the 2 of them and that cooperation was seen by all south africans across color lines. and simply just to adapt and to avoid any potential chaos from it. or thank you so much, rita miller, they're talking to was life from johannesburg. ah, that's our top story. ok. now here today on al jazeera,

the former south african president, f. w to clerk has died. he was the country's last a party at iraq president. he shed the 1993 nobel peace prize with nelson mandela. they work on reconciliation in south africa. he was 85 the u. k prime and a subarus. johnson has welcomed the us and china deal. both countries have declared that they will work together on climate action. the countries issued a joint statement separately. on wednesday, their invoice said they would cooperate to accelerate emissions cups and the temperature goals as they don't. and the 2015 paris agreement to renew is in bridging this is really important for the aging because it's helping to demonstrate that it, it is serious about tackling climate change and that's off to i guess, weeks of skepticism and disappointment. firstly, president, she didn't thing is not attending cop 26. he did not even give a video speech. he just submitted a written statement. and also before cop 26,

china did not submit any new targets or deliverables. so it basically just elaborated on it's already given goals of achieving carbon picking by 2030 and the european union will place more sanctions on the bella, russian governments early next week. the e u commission president us, you live on the line, made that announcement as a migrant and refugee crisis on poland border with bella. ruth escalates with no end in sight. thousands of people are stuck in freezing and dangerous conditions. pakistan is hosting senior diplomats from the united states, china, russia, and afghanistan to discuss the situation since the taliban takeover. the worsting humanitarian crisis and the refugee crisis are the focus of the talks. those are your headlines inside story is next. halla will have more for you from 12 g, for me to adobe for the moment, but, ah,

he feels he has slides closer to civil war, made warnings of an even greater humanitarian crisis. can diplomats diffuse the situation? what would the failure of international diplomacy mean? this is inside story. ah hello and welcome to the show. i'm sammy's a them. now, if you, if you're has more than 90 ethnic groups than it's fed, the conflict in the northern region of to gray is stirring divisions. the u. n. is warning the nation is descending into an all out civil war. and the facts could

riffle throughout the horn of africa. to grind rebels threatened to advance on the capital, addis ababa prime minister abbey after it is called only theo pins to take up arms and defend their neighborhoods. diplomatic efforts are underway to try and end the fighting us and african envoys of held meetings with the prime minister and to grand leaders. both jeffrey feltman and all the sagen obasanjo se, there's a small window of opportunity to deescalate tensions. all these me does. yeah. and i just above, i'm not agree individually, train them political, political solution, through dialogue for constitutes a window of opportunity. give out what don't

mention the window of opportunity is very little and that the time is short. for any indifferent. tens of thousands of people have taken to the streets in ethiopia, in support of prime minister abbey met and the armed forces. the rallies were held off to the government, declare the state of emergency. abby says he wants to protect civilians from the rebels. the t p life and its allies have made major gains on the ground in recent days. regional finances have taken control of cities along the main road leading to the capitol, and the u. n. as accused all sides in the conflict of committing atrocities. at least 16 un local employees and 72 drivers for the world. food program were detained and added sabbath on tuesday. the un, as called for the immediate release,

the detentions came off of the top un humanitarian relief. official completed a visit with you. ok, including take raise capital mckelly. the un says the fighting is disrupting the flow of aid into the region and the humanitarian situation is worsening. more than 400000 people, they take ry are estimated to be living and famine like conditions. we'll get to our guests shortly, but 1st hand out our reports from addis ababa from 6 to 4 months ago for going on to try and bring the 2 sites. and if you up your complex negotiated settlement, there's a sense of identity within the international community about the pricing, mid to stop and identity. so because it has every possibility of turning into a civil war, if the fighting continues as it has been and it's been intensifying and recent weeks, chevron of assigned your former president of nigeria always also dominic and unions, special envoy to the horn of africa is leading efforts by the african union to

bring that 2 sides to negotiate. the settlement of us and your husband is speaking on say that he's a window of opportunity which is closing very fast and that he will have a plum for dialogue between the government on a flight. before the end of the week, he has been to the capital of the leadership of the t p. and he has also visits up the armada on the upper region where the conflict of build over to this and we're not complex out intensified of course, the united states is also going on with parallel initiative to try and bring about dialogue between the 2 sides in the conflict feltman us special envoy to the hold of africa, kim buckley this up on tuesday, just days after leaving for labor. and he's also meeting government officials and also opposition leaders. now all these going on,

what is really putting the whole dialogue thing up, risk is not hard. the government has given so the flight of the government, the onset of this war last the foot. that's a great fight. so it's a list of organizations and we're going to talk happening between the government and that's a good fight. that's what the government is ready to lift. that tug is still unknown, but probably going to be late on tuesday to set you up on government. was ready to walk with its friends to make sure that if you get through what you call the temper or the challenges it's been facing mohammed i do for i'll just it's, i'm sorry i just have a base. yup. yeah. ah. well, let's bring in our guest into the shower, have joining us from addis ababa. samuel get a joe. he's a journalist in nairobi,

william deveson, he's the senior c o. p analyst in the international crisis group. and in lagos, emmanuel quincy, an ng, the director of research at the cofi and international peacekeeping training center . welcome to all, if i could start with quincy, then. so 1st of all, is this still time quite the full, the us the, the a you to broker that sees fire when i think every, every dish, you know, that's terrible to both, both patches who cease to broker some in the shower agreement that will bring the tax use around that table is very useful, but even more critically, the role of the, of the african union. i know, and i do recognize that it's in a buried i corner printer. ok had his host to

be just i guess. then people look at the o p and it needs to be very tight through to bring the apaches together. i know efforts have been rejected and they also species around the president initiative. but i think the african union must, by all means one of the critical that it trying to bring the multiplicity of warring factions together. because in the long run, can they still do it this time, or has that window closed? well, there isn't much time the, the, the opposing forces are released down the clamps and there's very little time the for came to coming to this thing that we

have them will mention the size that rhetoric from this shows increasing desperation. and i think there will be a lot of hardcore forces with being that and or me out process would want to create an entry into at this said right, it would be best. right. i'm outside ronnie. time is running out before we go into the situation on the ground, let me bring william into the chat and ask this question william. right now, there's quite a number of diplomatic efforts going on. how aligned all the interests of international powers in e. c o, you're right now i don't think that's a major part of the problem head. whether it's you enjoy us. i'm boy, president kenyatta and canyon government. and then also we see the cheese. martin griffith as well. i think that will push it broadly in the same direction here.

they want to see the humanitarian situation address that needs to come through a see foreign negotiations. the problem is any external actor really you're getting any traction with the job in protecting it to the, to take great leadership. now, things that are in a commanding military position that for adopting and increasingly hotline position even suggesting that there's no real room for negotiation with prime minister beyond that now. and of course, you know, prime minister beyond any government have been resistance. the idea of negotiations from the outset, they said that that great leadership is no commit to treason essentially, and launched an insurrection. and may they classify them as a terrorist organization. and as we've seen these increasing military victor, victor, is that a put that take great leadership and polish mood, or we've seen from the south by that doubling down cause for without mobilization and estates of emergency at the moment, no sign of

a recourse negotiation. but that really does threatened to be particularly stabilizing, and partly because the war could come to the top of that could have knock on incredibly serious effects. but if it's great and citizen is not these forms of increasing state repression and perhaps more violence. therefore, it international crisis group, we think more than ever there was a need for the federal government to take action to really facilitate aid to take, right. rather than ciocca, we've just seen the rest of 70 world through program contractors in some mera key point on that age where we also need to see the federal government unblocked services. people are running out of cash and to grow, run out of cash because there is no banking services, no telecommunications, no electricity. if the federal government takes these measures that might convince or pick right leadership to stop the advance. otherwise they look depressed on 1st

by trying to take control of the boots, the car door, and choking at its alpha. then if they do not get the confessions they want and things continue to go that way. militarily, they will press on towards that is how with alliance would be remote liberation, army and again that, you know, threatened to create a huge amount for the stabilisation in this oliver and potentially beyond. all right, so it does look like momentum is against piece effort. so now let's get the perspective from addis ababa and samuel, as william noted that the rebels feel like things are on their side. what is the perspective from inside of a? do people have any genuine hope that may be peace and the sci fi can be achieved, or they resigned to some kind of stand off military stand off and out of a? now, over all ethiopians are really endorsing the idea of peace. if your parents are peace loving people, it's, it's a founding nation that founded african union. and i,

i believe, with your parents over all do support the idea of peace. but they also want, if you appear to be recognized as an independent nation, that can decide on its own with an advice from its friendly nations. but overall, i discover has been really since the beginning of last week been concerned and worried about what's about to happen. the local government said, you know, they told bern residence to register their arms and also defend their neighborhoods . that's very vague and that scarce a lot of us. but overall, i think us, we've seen, you know, it's, again, this conflict is a wage issue among ethiopians. you either like it or hate it and you can only see the kind of a conversation that's been happening. let us toxic us a gets on social media. but if yoga is an important nation, it has

a population of more than 110000000 people. it said diplomatic capital of africa and i mean, i don't see, i don't think anyone would want anything but piece for this country. and the african n invoice has said there's a small window of opportunity. i think that should be pursued and peace needs to come to this region. and what happens in ethiopia will affect other neighboring nations as well. crazy what strings do international powers have left now to pull on the different parties that war? we've already seen the u. n. has been pleading for access, humanitarian access, the u. s. is removed, it's favored trading status for ethiopia. still the parties seem like they want to go at it. this is a family war. from leaps, i see yourself identity issues or the issues of how i gave the issues of mr to invoke, you know,

so i think well from the perspective of both sides dry we decide 3. is that and i think the, the temporary cult basically in, in this conflict is that we're still ramp up or down to get more people. ready to sign up to the war itself. my apologies. obviously we're having a bit of difficulty with the connection that to kweisi. let's continue with our other guess so. and i guess when i got to ask the question of, what would it take at this point to convince the opposition not to go for the capitol? because it does feel like they are very confident and eager to have a go at addis ababa? well, as i suggested earlier, i think given the military situation,

as we understand it does seem like something needs to be put on the you know, something concrete needs to put on the table to, to stop the continued pressure. i think that pressure initially would come and i mean this current efforts by the to great commanders to try and take control of the . ready booty, trade route, therefore, but comic pressure on, on others. i think, you know, unless there are those sorts of measures rudy's trying to sit at a to pick right where there's hundreds of thousands of people in the family condition, whether you know, kind of a threshold what all those measures that the international community could take, right? now to convince the opposition who are not far from either side of the who feel they have meant him on the side to pull back. that's. that's what i'm talking about . there isn't, there isn't any leverage that they know if it exists the leverage, if it exists,

need to be applied on the federal government to encourage them to take action, to relieve what spectrum want to take, right? leadership considered to be a speech of the region which is threatening to kill hundreds and thousands of people in the region now and less stuff sort of action is taken, then it is likely that that's a great leadership. well, press on an amount of that i'm describing. the alternative is that the federal government and its allies tries to win the war, but in the last few months, they seem to have been losing the war. so the issue is that there isn't really that much pressure being applied by the international community. they don't have that much pressure. also, if you look at the statement coming out of, for example, the united nations security council the other day. now, all these suggestions and urging and for the 2 great leadership to return back to, to the right and stop fighting. but the take right leadership is fighting its own mind according to its own just cation to try and overcome this age to try and

reclaim territory. that they lost to am horror region at the outset of the war and to remove what they see is ex, suspension, security threat to take right now, it's understandable that people want them to stop fighting, but they made the decision to go on the offensive in july after removing the federal military frantic right ameritrade military in june. and that is the reality of the situation. we happen. it will not let me count the question though. if, according to that scenario, if the siege is lifted by the central government forces on t grey and that are on the less pressure would that encourage? would that really encourage the t p less than its allies to pull back? if they're on the less pressure than they're in a stronger position, would that encourage them to go further and say, well, why not finish the job? and i think it would be, it would make, create a very strong case for the international community. just as that placing pressure

on the federal leadership, to make those sorts of meaningful concessions to try and save under the thousands of lives and take, right. i think they would also be in a very strong position to put pressure on the take right leadership to stop that advance stop trying to achieve regime change, which could be incredibly stabilizing in terms of the war coming to it. it could also catalyze your further state repression and most violence against the grand civilians. i think at this stage you know it, it certainly is the source of course of action that should be achieved. and i also acknowledge away your question is coming from. we have seen a particularly bullish. busy positioning from the to great leadership, talking about no negotiations with abby ahmed and his allies. but i think, you know, given how critical now dangerous situation is, what needs to be done is to place that pressure on the fed to leadership, to take some, to make those concessions in terms that you might, it's area and that's and restoring this. right. and then put the pressure on the take right leadership to show some restraint. ok,

interesting point. let's take it to samuel. then if we could, samuel, do you think the central government, once that sort of negotiated resolution or cease fire at least, does it want the sort of pre conditions, perhaps even power sharing arrangement that might have to prevail if they lift their siege of to gray and they give some space to the t p l f. i do not think so. they took on side as already said, the t peer left as a terrorist organization to her us. you know, they've declared them as such. and the teacher left her said the top and side is creating some form of genocide. i don't see them sitting down in negotiating. but you know, the african indian has been for the most part in the continent, has been irrelevant in the past. but either the window of opportunity that this president, the president of the former president of nigeria, the african an invoice said, is really a historic moment, not just for ethiopia,

but also for the african union to really get in and make a difference. you know, at the beginning of his appointment, a t p, a left was against his appointment because they said he is so much in line with ethiopian side. but he went to, to great, spoke to the leadership of a t p, a left he came to at the suburb i'd spoke to the prime minister. he went to, i'm her region a far region where much of the conflict has been happening in the recent weeks. you know, as you know, the to gray conflict is no more within the region. it's also and i'm her and afar. and when you have that kind of personality that's willing to be engaged and vice versa, from the main actors, i think there's a window of opportunity that shouldn't be missed. i don't think, i think all actors recognize the fact too many people are diag neath yoga. millions of people are being dispos. let me jump in any samuel knows that window watches hardening about this comp. listening to won't really idea that sexual if i feel,

if i shouldn't as defy, could jump in, samuel, if you can hear me. if that window opportunity hinges according to the analysis by william at least strong pressure being brought on the philippine government to lift the siege to try and improve conditions in the to gray region. that window is based really on what the central government decides to do. and if i see you said you don't think the central government wants to go down that road, is there really a window that's open here? well, there is an opening, it's been seen by the african in an invoice. but let me just address the united states for a moment. it's a great day should ethiopia and the united states have had a strong relationship for many, many years. it, but the reality is when they call on this a unlocking of a to think, ray and a restoration of service to try and achieve the piece it keeps talking about. do you think that a should be facilitated?

not sure. okay, to gray banking services should resume electricity, telecommunications, to try and stop the tick ray leadership pushing forward at this hour. it's a really simple question. all right, let's give samuel a chance to answer that then go ahead. okay, thank you william lynn. okay, let me just, there's an assumption from the united states whenever they're sanction. and such countries like ethiopia, when they cancel a trade agreement that really benefits the poorest among us. mostly young women. it doesn't pressure the children government to come to a table and negotiate the united states has to play a role in ethiopia. i understand. i get that. i mean, the u. s. is a powerful nation. it's our food, my own father. question the education and i want to know when he was a young my have but of the reality years rather than william. it really regarding rate whether you think this central authorities should be willing to ease the

situation in te gray. would that help? of course, of course, but there's also an argument from the fuel pen side that the t p l f is playing a role. just look at the report that came out from the international today accusing t p. troops of sexual exploitation. so this kind of accusation, as reflected by the united nations and the t up at human rights commission phase, all actors are involved. they all have to play the role, so we can have peace. so the idea to focus on one side and play one side only is just a minute left seconds to each gas very quickly. first william in 30 seconds, what would a bigger civil war in ethiopia mean for the rest of the region in 30 seconds? william? well, i mean, i think the answer is obviously the vital country and the horn of africa, we already see raging civil war. forget, you know,

the last of tax breaks for exports is to us. we already have a devastated country, a devastated economy. we have no idea how many thousands of people have died or could die, particularly as a result of this stage, we see allocations of rape and other charges against the 2. great. and brian, we've also seen those against the. so if this continues, then of course it could be in the horn of ok and let me give a quick, 30 seconds on the same question to samuel, what will it mean for the rest of the region for somalia, for a trailer and, and so on. it means war refugees will be heading to neighboring countries. there will be famine. there will be a break up of relationship from countries that can really have benefits. it's been over the benefits. the relationship between ethiopia has always seen us helping ethiopia all the time. but the benefits has to be 2 way forward, and there has to be a way to understand the side of ethiopia at the side of the t p left and really

bring this to partners to peaceful negotiation. will be a bit beneficial not only to ethiopia to neighboring nations, but to the european nations that will be soon getting much of the migrations that will be heading their way. all right, let's fan con, guess for joining us on this show. william samuel and of course crazy. earlier on. thank you to for watching, you can see the show again any time by visiting our website al jazeera dot com for further discussion head over to our facebook page. that's facebook dot com, forward slash a j in science story and also join the conversation on twitter handle. there is a j inside story. from me, sam is a dan and the whole team here for now, goodbye. ah

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a boundary part of the center of mass always under lockdown. we are the ones traveling the extra mile. where are the media go go, we go there and we give them a chance to tell their story. ah. ready i'm had them i had seen in doha, with the headlines on al jazeera, the former south african president, f. w to clerk has died. he was the country's last apartheid era presidents. he shared the 1993 nobel peace prize with nelson mandela for. there were a comb reconciliation in south africa. he was 85. jonah ho, looks back at his life. this was the moment when south africa's last white leader signaled the end of a par tate. i wish to put it plainly that the government i stake on a farm decision.