this the new frontier of espionage think about the sophistication of exports the breaking performs. this is as good as a guess. this high and you're on al jazeera. ah, hello, i'm marianne massey and london. a quick look at the main stories this hour. a draft agreement that you and climate conference asked countries to accelerate the emission cutting plans. it says that by 2025 rich countries should double their funding to help poor nations cope with the impact of climate change. a previous draft did not set a target date. the language remains weak. and for the 1st time, fossil fuels are targeted with the draft telling countries to move more quickly on phasing them out. this is our collected moment in history.

this is our chance to forge a cleaner, healthier, more prosperous world. and this is our time to deliver on the high ambition set by our leaders. at the start of the summit, we must rise to the occasion or in our other headlines, at least 15 people have been injured after a bomb was set off in a mosque in afghanistan's nangle har province device was reportedly placed at the sunni mosques pulpit. there's been a similar spite of attacks on mostly she r mosque, many of which have been claimed by iso categories, agree to represent the u. s. in afghanistan, the americans actress states as counter will maintain contacts between the u. s. and the taliban government, which the us does not recognize, but there is still much to be done in afghanistan. and papa remains committed to continue denisha city walk alongside with the united states and partners on the

world. we are dedicated to contributing to the severity of afghanistan and the safety end will being of the afghan people. there's still a huge guy look today would discuss issues of mutual interest and would re affirm our determination to deepen our co operation in various fields, including strengthening our defense and security partnership. and thousands of people remain stuck at the better is born to with poland and crying argument of a migrant in refugees. you're pissing batteries as directing people to the border and retaliation for sanctions and has made moves to stop flow. turkey as bond syrian jamini and iraqi citizens from the catching flight, there is a humanitarian crisis on that board. and now on that story in the news hour, i will see you then the big picture is coming out next day with us. ah,

i think i had the tipping point when we had the 1st death for current iris in this country. we do not have enough p p. we will be using mosques. our ministers had no idea what happening on the shop floor. but i could see the body bags ethnic minority groups were disproportionately affected, white, and pregnant and health care workers. why would they be protected? you can understand the story of modern britain without understanding the story of

immigration from the commonwealth. right? so caribbean south asians or the people that were invited to help rebuild the post war economy and the u. k. they then arrived here and suffered racism, not just, not just from the state but on the streets as well through the 60 seventy's eighty's all the way up until today basically. and that's the thing with race and immigration in britain, the tube, and so closely entwined. and it's when thought you were speaking about, there is a fear in this country. the country is going to be swamped by people of a different culture swamp. you know, we, we know what, that's a different color, that's exactly what it was in, off the back of that. and those appeals to nativism to nationalism. she wins the sentinel in general election, it gets into power. then she brings in the near liberal revolution in the, in the eighty's, which completely transforms a country. and it's when we had the,

you know, privatization of industry. we had deregulation of, of the economy which changed from a welfare state to this market lead stay. it wasn't just politics and economics. it was, you know, society and culture is what were and then, and you have her successor ger manger who comes in after her and just continues and builds on everything that she's done before is that he bring them all privatization . many more quangos, less government agencies, and then you get tony black coming in in 1997 and he professes, i'm going to change everything. things can only get better. and i feel like that's people actually felt because i knew for me growing up in the early ninety's, it was really hard. it was like quite a hostile place. you're walking to school dogs, i've been 70 people, i shout in, racist remarks. are you and then you get through to like the late ninety's and we had our own communities. and so we had a refugee day at the school and everyone would come and bring their own dish is after black with the nice that it was, it was these,

it is funding going to was the different community initiatives and you can you felt and, but all of that couldn't have happened without the fire. and the anti races fights from activists throughout the year is good. but the anti racism struggle that gets us to that point where multiculturalism, it's, it's not so much celebrated, but it's, you know, it's, it's kind of understood as a de facto norm of the country. so that's this moment why kind of black comes in and the question really for him is, what kind of set up is new labor going to look like? is it actually just going to be a continuation of what we've had for 18 years on the conservative will a kind of near liberal agenda, or is it really going to be something new and a new direction for the country? margaret sasha was once asked, what is your greatest legacy? and she said, new labor. oh tony blair was a successor and, and to touch it,

he reconfigured that labor policy quite fundamentally. so lay policies, traditional commitment to public ownership of democratic control over the economy. that is abandoned and the main role for the state is to correct the market failures and try to include more more people into market society. it's kind of neoliberalism with a more human face or what we might call progressive neoliberalism. tony blair pulled the labor party away from its socialist moors and on could it to the free market. what helped pain the new labor government has progressive with social values such as an outward embrace of multiculturalism? no matter what background go back. all that with what is a great life, you run that by 2001 standing up for the country was also being claimed by

a resurgent for right now. reorganized around the british national party, the b and p. b and fees, rights for white slogan hood over, we struck home. we've got to do some tip to sign up for ourselves and they the only paper telpast. ha ha. having formed it spaced in the south of england, the b and p looked to make gains for the north in the places left behind by the near liberal revolution. the far right started to have demonstrations and places of concentrated most of residents. i chose some places in these areas which had never recovered from the economic hits a fact. you were some folks bradford burnley older than which thus longstanding muslim, korean chase, almost all of south asian origin and all. so this ongoing economic come certainty for the band pay the site, asked their tactic to provoke

a response from local muslim communities. is to say, i'm gonna walk past where your sister, your mother, your am to your granny live and i'm going to shout racist abuse. i kicked off a series of miles across the lawson overseas. much of the blame lies with right wing agitators. we've been sparing up trouble in recent wakes. our youth will not generate any form of racism from different people. we are a mom, gave what was interpreted as a nazi salute was asian news began to her riddle, him the run. what happens is the police come on. what they do is they criminalize the muslim communities 1st huge numbers. the rest of young muslim men, david blanket, home secretary under tony blair,

have to make a decision about how those altercations were afraid. know what kind of more like a member that was frame that the racial danger, a racial danger that echoed the 1980s. the natives are getting restless again. he said, of course the maniac who were engaging in this and are whining about the sentences they've been given. he chose to put them under the kind of law which allowed people to have very long custodial sentences. and what happened as many, many of the young men who involved from back, but down for 101215 years we can see this incrementally building up, the more crime you commit, the tougher the sentence that the game changer and, and blanket face and an echo a factor it's about britishness, about their failure of petitions, the way that the government responded to this was not to focus on the fact that

this was, this was, this was the far right. race is causing problems in the stance the focus very much was on. well, i know there's something wrong with wasn't communities. if they do closed off it, they living parallel lives and not like the rest of us couldn't possibly because of economic marginalization where you see, particularly an external bank. they see children and young people, massive higher employment issues, huge problems, it tells of racism and open diet. racism couldn't be any of those issues. it must be because there's, they lived, they lived these parallel lives. they've been taught this terrible religion and they're not integrating this matter right in 2000. and one is really just like is, is textbook from, there's possibly uprising in a one, it really much is the same playbook. decades of racial discrimination in housing and education had kept south asian muslims, segregated from white people. it was a far cry from new labours, wishful celebration of britons multiculturalism.

working was still dealing with the fallout from the northern riots when the september 11th attacks in the u. s. shock the world. the black government offered its full support for america, so called war on terror. follow. however, in 2005 britain to came under attack, belong to transport system was bombed by 4 british muslim men, claiming retaliation against the war on terror. now, all muslims in britain were being asked if that faith was compatible with their being british around the same time, just as one established minority community was being painted as aliens within a new group was being welcomed into the country. tony blair opened britain's doors to migrate my estimates of europe. as a european union grew larger and larger and the needs of capital grew more and more

demanding in 2007 flag reluctantly stepped aside for golden brown. and a year later, the financial deregulation put in place during the liberal revolution of the 1980s helped bring about a credit crisis that almost broke the global economy. gordon brown was forced to bail out sailing. british banks with british taxpayers money grounds, claim, as prime minister in last long. he was voted out in 2010 and replaced by new conservative prime minister david cameron. cameron settled to lead. a country is still reeling in the wake of a financial disaster and a coalition government that has set its lights on one thing above everything else would use the nation's debt. which nearly pre orthodoxy is that you must push your overall levels of that

down a fast to basic neo liberal policy in response to the global financial crisis. and so this is where we go directly from the idea that we must slash public spending in order to pay our debt done. so just 30 at a very dish portion impacts on the pool on as it minorities, because many people, minorities, are also poor. the government's austerity program had increased insecurity for many people whose lives were already financially insecure. and then in 2016 britain went to the polls to decide if it should stay in or leave the european union. let's make sure the june, the 24 does independence day in the paper. more than half of those who voted agreed and britain left the e. u. now that insecurity brought about by austerity was given as the reason

many white working class communities. those left was off by near liberal reforms, had voted for breakfast. the truth, however, was something else. analysis carried out after the referendum revealed that leave, voters were more likely to be middle class financially stable. and living in the least ethnically diverse parts of the country. breaks it, it seem was driven less by economic insecurity and more by cultural fear. immigration really was of the heart of breaking, of course, banking furna of ethnic minorities on his own about race as well. i remember very clearly was i can very horsepower time to be blocked for it to be known. why? basically, there are a lot of studies that show that off to the parks,

it var in 2006 racist abuse against non white british people. completely shot ha, it's attacking those people. they think of foreign to britishness, british culture, american, the all renewable. that is the immigration is a fact of life in britain simply because people invited her from the commonwealth to fill the gap in the labor market. and then everything after the, all the policies were about keeping people out. and immigration was all about making it harder and harder for people, especially those from non white countries, the developing world to come over to brittany. right, right. but then you have this expansion of the you in 2004 and britain realizes it needs a bigger workforce to supply. it's growing an economy and it's more happened. happy to open the doors and let people in particular from eastern europe, businesses like the idea of a cheaper labor force, right, because it was less money than it cost to pay british workers. and at the same time,

people are happy to have cheap labor. no one's going to complain when the house extensions don't cost as much money or their child care or their social care. it's a win win if you've got money in your, in, in that system or but even then resentment against these new immigrants was pastoring. it's not like it just kind of got left to the i saw it. there is a razor. and especially the fact that they were eastern european. and then at the same time, you'd had a lot of syrian refugees coming in from their civil war. that was happening, they're looking for asylum as well as other people were escaping instability in places like afghanistan. do you remember that poster that nigel barrage per out? remember that whole anti immigrant? a breaking point, right. and what he's doing with that whole caravan of actually non european refugees is this idea of you're going to be swamped and he's playing in to exactly the same rhetoric that,

that you've been playing into the eighty's. the idea of nobody coming over is ever going to be quite british enough. and you know, we, we're talking about multiculturalism as though it's not an absolute fact of life and certain parts of this country. it was created by the state by inviting everybody here like this is now what person it ah, the british people have voted to leave and there will must be respected. negotiation with the european union will need to begin under a new prime minister brittany withdrawal from the e. u. so david cameron exit as prime minister in his place came to reason, may from a thing that wrecks, it means breaks it. and we're going to make a success of it. they didn't. how government failed. and she too, fell on her food making way for the conservatives. she breakfasted cheerleader, burst johnson,

with his rallying battle cry. let's read. don johnson would get break that done. but within weeks of leaving the european union, britain would be gripped by a font deadly, a challenge unwelcome, but expected a groan of r is his, the u. k. the outbreak of corona virus is now officially a pandemic. from this evening i must give the british people a very simple instruction. you must stay in march 2020 as covert 19 spread across the world, forest johnson placed britain in an emergency locked down. the government's overriding aim was to keep the corona virus contained to do that, it would need to rely on the state being fit for purpose. the initial response to

the pandemic fundamentally relied on a state structure, an infrastructure that had been already hollowed out. the state becomes increasingly dependent on 2 kinds of private site to companies. one is management consultancies. so they are often brought in to help the state to reorganize services to assist in, in, basically in the privatization process. and secondly, the state becomes relying on outsourcing companies. so companies that step forward in cycle ok will bit to take on this paul of the public services. the state becomes reliant on management consultancies to tell it what to do, to tell it how to govern and also becomes dependent on these private companies to actually broaden off a provide basic social services. but essentially, ministers, we're pulling on leavers in white hole that weren't actually connected to anything

crucial parts of britain state apparatus had been turned over to private business and austerity cost to public health spending meant that in a national emergency, the system failed when it was most needed the state was unable to keep track of coven 19 allowing the virus to spread. meaning that more and more sick people were admitted to hospital, and the number of daily deaths began to sole ah! attention now turned to providing personal protective equipment, p. p to health workers trying to keep the sick from dying. it transpired that the management consultancy de loyce had overseen the privatization of an a chest supply chain,

logistics part of the n h s. that supplies, things like personal protective equipment. and all of these companies that had paid for these contracts and one of them all failed to deliver. so there was a massive general shortage of personal protective equipment. this gp group bought their own extra protective equipment weeks ago, including re usable plastic goggles. they know they're luckier than many of the rest of the country. now the government did maintain a stock pile of pp for panoramic disease. but even if i had been privatized it been, i would source to a private company called moby unto their stock pile. only covered 2 weeks worth of use. there were sera, shortages of things like vices, masks, gowens, ventilators, and almost half of the stock had expired on the shelf. it was past, it's used by date. and this is why we had the terrible situation of health and

social care workers having to improvise with a snore calls or even trash backs, and over a 126 m fatalities. among these workers has been linked to occupational exposure. here are the faces of 10 of those who have lost their lives. the 1st crouch of death of health workers from nearly all black brown people. and it really hit home the extent to which when it comes to who will care for you when you're at risk or dying. fire still. overwhelmingly. racialized is always been this idea, but as a particular job you're supposed to do, i would. you can track back to the sixties and even earlier than that, i think about fruitless service. think about care work and public transport. the boss is on the trains like in the shops, right? he's someone is going to go just as douglas. if monica chose,

ethan minorities, all over represented in those very low paid disrespected roles. the rise of the game economy, which forces people to go and work. otherwise they have no sick pay. no holiday pay, no support. to actually survive. coven 19 was laying bad. the dysfunction and discrimination co thing through the modern british state at heart with a 20th century ideology that had stripped the system of its power. and its postwar purpose. the roots of the failure of the state during the code 19 pandemic go back decades. and fundamentally, it's about the hollowing out of the state, the holling out, the state politically on the hollowing out of the state, institutionally, is to resolve off a whole program off,

revolutionizing all state and society around the market that has left the vast majority of also less secure and more vulnerable, one of the big consequences of neoliberalism has been ramp and inequality levels of inequality not seen since the late 19th century. health is heavily determined by your socio economic status. so societal inequalities manifest themselves in differential rates of disease. if you're poor, you can die up to 10 years earlier than a wealthy person. every else at home is worse for minorities can pretty much every illness. to all the things was tie into what would make you be more lay to die from covered. we were already more likely to have those is this kind of perfect storm where there's not

really any area of social life from education, from health, from criminal justice where we're not disappointedly impacted. how you are twice as likely to be on free school meals. if you have a black army and you are 5 time later black women to die in childbirth, you are more likely to be in of credit housing. if you back at any benedetti, those are the real issues we should be talking about. but as you know, we're not there. we're not talking about them because of being distracted by these culture was an identity. ah, we should not support a demonstration that is in all probability going to end him deliberate and calculated values that johnson government is really expending a lot of electrical energy trying to concoct to cultural around britishness around whiteness. and it's an echo of the fact, right?

concoction the bringing together of racist fears, homophobic phase mash lift. britishness is defined by who is not. and you can see vertically is not the immigrants. is not black people did not the muslims. ah, so the idea why is, why did it is absolutely essential, not just to have you understand a nation, but actually to, to what the nation is. a matter of fact feel fly, come a cost for ice. wall writ large through a public health emergency, a phase of it. so i think going forward, we're gonna have to think about how to we organize a, mobilize ourselves in a way. but when the emergencies come, we can survive. if

you'd look at how many people from ethnic minority, black communities were affected disproportionately by the pandemic, how did that make you feel? i think that the most concerning paul was that if the light bulb switched in my brain to say ok, ethnic minority groups are more gravy affected, less do risk assessments. let's try and protect them even more and then wait. and then we'd be all right now, why didn't it kick with our leaders? we need people to know how to nurse mary, di and why did she die? and why has a family be left to grieve for these families? still haven't moved on. i've probably never will. these found these will never see their normal again. ah,

a guess with

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