in an item of closing of the host choice, wayne hey, al jazeera told longer new zealand. the daughter of the philippines to president rodrigo totality has filed her candidacy for vice president sar. to today's announcement for the 2022 election was immediately endorsed by the party of the presidential front runner, fired at her taste. currently, the mayor of the vow city. ah, no, again, i'm fully battle with the headlines on al jazeera. dan's health ministry says at least 5 people have been killed in mass rallies against the military takeover. security forces have used t a gas and fired live ammunition. hundreds of thousands have gathered across the country. resorts. saddam has more from cartoon. police has not been arranged for the port hours. are blocked by the army and by police, the helicopters, horrible ass, and the blue can see da, da da da da da, all me,

the police and the intelligence doorbells members of course of the church in people policy i was shooting in beer. i'm also trying to your phone debit. the tool does owe on protesters to disperse them over before thursday, so that they will be in the loop. and the 2 sheldon resistance adjusted military rule delegates said the un climate summit still haven't agreed on a final plan to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees celsius. they've been working pastor friday deadline, a draft tax call to increase emission cuts and plant to phases. fossil fuels. schools in india's capital, new delhi were closed from monday as a city deals with a blanket of toxic smog. government employees in new delhi will also have to work from home. a city central pollution bore says the air quality index exceeds hazardous levels. now news, at least 50 inmates have been killed in

a riot in one of ecuador largest prisons. residents living near the prison in the coastal city of y, a kale recorded hearing, hours of gunfire, and explosions. last month, the president declared a state of emergency in all prisons, after a battle between rival gangs killed. more than a 100 protests are being held in democratic republic of congo against the appointment of a new electoral commission. head is being led by the catholic and protestant churches who have concerns about independence of the decision. last month, thousands send out a protest calling for a neutral election body. and rushes president is denying any involvement in the border. sand off between beller, bruce and poland. western nations are accusing belarus of encouraging migrants and refugees to cross the border into pon, poland. and those are the headlines on al jazeera. i'll be back with the news. our after inside story. ah.

the cop 26 summit in glasgow revealed huge global divides on tackling climate change. scientists say the pledges to cut emissions and preserve our planet don't go far enough. so what's been achieved? this is inside story. ah. hello and welcome to the program, my mamma, jim jim. the u. n. cop 26 summit in glasgow was called our last chance to combat the climate crisis. representatives from nearly 200 countries spent the past 2 weeks debating how to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees celsius from pre

industrial levels. negotiations went past fridays deadline, delegates disagreed on the wording of the final agreement. contentious issues include phasing out fossil fuel subsidies and funding for developing nations to adapt to values. foreign minister even delivered and address knee deep and sea water to show how low lying pacific island nations are sinking at sea levels. rise will bring in our guests in a moment. first, here's what the president of comp 26 had to say. this is our collective moment in history. this is all chance to forge a cleaner, healthier, more prosperous will. and this is our time to deliver on the high ambition set by our leaders. at the start of the summit,

we must rise to the occasion and or simmons has this report from glasgow. cop 26 has really been the summit of 2 halves. the 1st week had some really ambitious projects coalitions of the willing came forward with a 100 countries pledging to cut 30 percent of highly toxic methane emissions by 2030. there was an agreement on deforestation. cutting it right back by the same time period. 2030. the deadline, more than 40 countries committed to shifting away from fossil fuel, some very new countries in there. now these were projects outside of car 26 outside of the paris agreement. and they really did serve to give a lot of hope for the proceedings. nevertheless, at the weekend we saw demonstrations, right, the way across the world, tens of thousands amassing in the streets of glasgow on saturday,

making the point that really caught 26 was going nowhere based on what the chief so far in terms of paris agreement in terms of tackling emissions and emissions have been the center point of proceedings in week 2. 1 of the problems had been the wide variation and commitments, conscience were prepared to make to emissions. and the frequency of declaring their goals that had really caused a lot of angst throughout the 2nd week. that coupled with really targeting the issue of fossil fuel and whether or not to push that harder and harder that does appear to have been the case. and so really you have now a situation where political will has been the primary points for the end of the day on where things get decided on and where we go from here. andrew simmons for inside story. here are some of the pledges made during the past 2 weeks. china and the united states have announced they'll work together to keep temperature rises below

1.5 degrees celsius. but the world's 2 biggest polluters have not given further details. more than $100.00 nations agreed to cut methane emissions by 30 percent. but countries with major agricultural industry as such as australia and china didn't sign up. they also failed to join a commitment by 40 countries to phase out coal power. india promised to cut emissions to net 0 by 207020 years later than the summit school a 10500000000 dollar fund was launched to help developing nations transition to renewable energy and 110 leaders pledge to en deforestation by 2030 signatories include brazil, where illegal logging of the amazon rain forest is rising. all right, let's bring our guests in glasgow, michael jacobs and environmental economists and professor at the university of sheffield in the u. k. from molly in the mall leaves ibrahim ahem,

a deputy director general of the environmental protection agency of the mold eaves and a new deli arjun dut program leader at the council on energy environment and water . a warm welcome to you all, and thanks so much for joining us today on in so. sorry, michael, let me start with you today. you're there in glasgow at the summit. after 2 weeks of speeches and negotiations and dire warnings and sounding the alarms, would you consider comp $26.00 to be a success or failure? i think it depends how you measure it. if you judge it by what's happening in the world on climate change, where emissions are still rising women to be on a path to cutting emissions by 45 percent by 2030. if with a hold global temperature rise to one and a half degrees as was agreed in paris, the paris climate agreement in 2015. we're on course currently for to ra, raise emissions by about 16 percent in 2030. if you look at the devastating climate impact that we're seeing all over the world,

but particularly in the poorest countries, they are not going to be changed by what was decided here. so if you look at the real world, i don't think there was any chance of 26 being success because we are not on on, we need to change course and we haven't done that here. but if you've judge got 26 by what could have been achieved, what a international climate change negotiation can achieve, then i think it's been a moderate success. the one big issue that we had to face here was to acknowledge that the emissions cuts which countries have pledged are not good enough. they don't add up to a pathway which will limit the global warming to one and a half degrees. so countries of acknowledged him and they've said we're going to come back next year with stronger commitment. so in a sense, the big decision has been put off by year, but this call was never going to do anything better than that. but it has done that . so in that sense, i think it has been a qualified success, given the limited ambitions that any court could have had. and there is going to be more money for, for the most vulnerable countries,

the poorest countries. so that too is a good arjun. michael says he believes that it's a qualified success. i saw you nodding along to a lot of what he was saying. so i want to give you the chance to jump in because it looks like you want to. and i also want to ask you from your perspective, from your purch there in new delhi, what do you think has been achieved? thank you. well, from my perspective, golf 26, they were building it as make a break from the, from, from the perspective of limiting global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees. if you, if you measure it from bad barometer, it has certainly not succeeded. i mean, there have been certain incremental progress mead in areas such as finalization, are working towards finalizing the implementation guidelines for carbon markets. under 6 have been enhanced b colonization ambitions watched by some developing countries. there's also been greater ambition in terms of commitments towards using our goal. but that has been

progress on a number of very important areas actually has simply not been enough. so michael talked about climate finance. actually, the progress meter and climate finance is not sufficient to allow developing countries to be carbonite fast enough. and advanced or developed developed countries also missed the opportunity to enhance their b carbonite ation. ambitions bought long term, as well as near to aligned to align their project. she's the $125.00 degree board. so i would say that there has been some progress made, but overall it is, i would say it is not michel arjun was just talking about the issue of financing. of course there been a lot of pledges of financial aid. those are all fine and good. they have been praised, but what i'm curious about is money actually getting from richer nations to developing

countries fast enough and you have raised exactly the same point there that many of the developed country delegates have been raising here, particularly the poorest countries. i'm the ones that are suffering the most from climate change. if you look at the money that has been dispersed from richer countries to poor lungs, which present as far as we know up to 2019 only amounts to about $80000000000.00 a year, which is less than the $100000000.00 a year. that was meant to be provided by 2020 most of that has gone into not the poorest countries and it's not going into adaptation. that is coping with the climate change, the country's already experiencing most that has gone into mitigation. that is reducing emissions in areas like renewable energy, and that's good. those are cutting global as a helping to cut global emissions. but a lot of that is the loan. so it's not really a guest. and it is going to countries which have stronger financial assistance of

the road where the richer countries feel more confident that the money will be invested and of course will make them a return if those loans and what the poorest and most vulnerable countries have wanted is grant money, so that simple grants for adaptation, the coping with climate change. and that is always been the poll relation. if you like, upon it finance. only about a quarter of climate finance has gone to the poor countries, the adaptation they wanted to double to haul. at least they would like more than that. and one of the good things about this agreement is that he does commit the develop wells to providing around hall doubling of current rates to go towards adaptation. now that needs to be in the form of grants, and that's not yet been specified. and many of the poorest countries say, you know, we're penalized because many the most vulnerable countries say we're penalized because we're experiencing major effects in climate change. but we're not poor enough to qualify for some candidate to be. so a lot of questions about the delivery of this, of this money and

a lot of questions about exactly where it's going develop are not very good at accounting for it. so a lot of work still to do, but some progress made. i think i'm sure your, your guests from developing countries will have their own views on miss to argue. and let me ask you about that. how big is the gap between what is needed by developing countries and what has been provided by rich countries? right. so in terms of the, the scale of finance that would be needed to let the reporter figure, like mike pointed out around 80000000000 and i'd stretch reported. and i'd get to that in a moment. but in terms of what is needed, the, the scale of finance is more along the lines, a one trillion and really is what would be needed to actually set the world on a big carbon dish and boss. we're towards $1.00 degrees. and i want to stress that the current laws, as my good pointed out, that there are having some criticisms on the actual accounting of these flows. so

developing countries have stated that a, that a large chunk of the reported flow, they're actually just commitments and not actual flaws. some of the reported figure they're saying to say is also do not represent you an additional loss. and michael correctly pointed out the shadow grant capital is actually quite a law. so while we need high a scale of flaws, that will blow into commercially viable investment opportunities where money is already flowing, but, but women are more needed. we need more grant capital to enable money to flow into investment opportunities, but it does not guarantee. so these include nice and acknowledges that may not have an established business, right. business models or technology performance track record, but just renewables such as maybe storage and the wants of the boss, a majority of a database and do a deep clean up in this case does not exist. and as my per clearly also pointed out

that under developed countries, investment rates are high also need grand capital, either in the form of directly direct grants or a more smart way of jumping to this capital is true catalytic be risking up investment opportunities that would then allow far greater quantities of private check with capital law and below the gap between existing laws and both desired or sustainable. automates abraham. what do island nations like them all these need in order to stop the effects of climate change? oh i guess the last and damage i talk is very important for us as well. if we look at mold deeds, we are spending, we have spent over the past 5 years now. more than 100000000 for coastal protection alone. let alone providing safe drinking water v v. i spending a lot of money. and

a lot of this is because we need to adapt to the a increase in impacts of climate change. and also a lot of a small island nation's have huge debts, owe to various dorna organizations as well as donor countries as well. we have huge debts owed to some countries which have been given us ah, loans for various kinds of projects. or many of these projects are also a dictation related because cost of protection as well as some investments for mitigation, such as so alina g, these projects also we have got a financial, a back in the sand, and the form of lawns as dick money, as well so we have to also think about this issue as well. our g d p. if we're 30 or 40 percent of a g,

d p to be paid for lawns and debts, lee will no longer have the estie for adaptation projects as well. so we really need this michael, there's been a lot of focus at cop 26 on the role of fossil fuels. or what do you think about this discussion that's been had over the last 2 weeks? it's been given much more focus than in previous cop summits. correct, well, it's the very 1st time that a coke has actually mentioned, fossil fuels in a final text at all. you might think, rather remarkable, given that fossil fuels all the major cause of climate change. but the fossil fuel factors of the countries in which they are located and always resisted any language about fossil fuel. this text, those one very good thing in, in that sense it says we need to accelerate the phase out of coal. coal is the most polluting in carbon terms and also in local evolution terms of all the field. and

we're not going to deal with this problem. if coal is continue, continues as the the energy source of choice of countries around the world. that's difficult because many countries all dependent on coal, but this text that knowledge is that we have to phase out cold, much more quickly than we're currently doing now. so that's good. but there's no mention of oil and gas as various people pointed out. there were lots of oil and gas sector companies. recall trying to lobby countries here, and they have succeeded in keeping any mention of oil and gas out of the tech. there are countries like saudi arabia that really didn't want them mentioned. and we have a, a really very weasely form of words on fossil fuels subsidies that the tech schools for fossil fuels subsidies to be phased out. but i mean, inefficient fossil fuel subsidies. there are, of course, no efficient fossil fuel subsidies, subsidies the fossil fuels is paying the polluter. and the principle that we all agreed was that the polluters should pay. so none of them are really inefficient.

another really efficient, but strangely, countries cool. we've claimed their fossil fuel subsidies are efficient and they've always use that word as a get out and doing anything. so the language on coal is good and significant because it's the 1st elsewhere the text really hasn't dealt with that issue. but of course, if countries do have to face out, do have to improve their emissions reduction commitments over the next 10 years as they have committed to do that will involve in practice a phasing down on fossil fuels. so it will happen whether or not there's a specific mention of it in this text. abraham, i just want to take a step step back for a moment to look at the effects of climate change because the mall leaves, of course, you know, are you're dealing with the ramifications of climate change. more than most countries in the world. climate change has meant that the maldives is fighting for its very survival, so without a drastic cut in emissions. just how dire could things get there. well, and you know, 1.5 degrees itself. it's also quite dia quite me. tricky because

the malden sees an entirely coral reef based country and corals ah get in damage and bleached continuously over the past 2 decades. we had seen more warming and so the mold is, will be facing huge consequences if the tips will be beyond 1.5 degrees at this moment. also we are facing lot of damage. lot of course tell you ocean about 90 percent, allowing him to an island southeast with coastal erosion and coastal engineering infrastructures to protect the coastal erosion from coastal erosion is quite huge expense which will be in billions of dollars if we are to fortify all the $186.00 or so islands inhibited by people. so we are facing this and

also very important. i expect deeds, they increase in a storm activity in the indian ocean. as the experts had say, the indian ocean is warming more rapidly. then in the past decades and saw the storm sand stone activities in the indian ocean has increased. and the mold is now getting the eggs from these storms, which actually have more devastating effects on indian sri lanka and bangladesh. but we also facing the kinds of this as well. so ah, $1.00 leaves the bare minimum that we need to survive and beyond that will be quite devastating for small island nations like goals. arjun, one of the biggest surprises to come out in the last couple of weeks was this agreement, china and the u. s. the agreed to boost climate cooperation over the next 2 decades . that something that took a lot of people by surprise,

these joint step that were agreed to by the world's 2 biggest carbon emitters, to limit global temperature rise. are they going to be enough to really make a difference? started suddenly encouraging, but you know, as abraham was pointing out that even $1.00 degree beloved in dire consequences. the other thing to be, you know, really mindful in the, in the climate change debate, principle of equity and plan of justice. there are costs certain countries such as the developed countries like the united states, but also china in terms of its historical as well as predicted emissions are expected to carbon, you know, part of the majority of the space leaving very little or developing countries. so while agreements between the us and china are a good start, what is needed is enhanced ambition from major emitters. so essentially for climate justice we need developed countries and regions like the you and the us to

launch their net 0. yes. and also large tomatoes like china, which will, of course, are expected to unpredicted, to honor the maximum carbon space. if you take into account with historical and future projections should then also further along than you yes, give countries like them all these and other developing countries. the room to meet their developmental needs and then also yes or steal their economies towards n 0 in a time frame that has been bad and these priorities. so in summary, we'd like the developed countries to advance. you've met your past country like china jar, of course, also a larger mentors to achieve nephew next and other developing countries to then achieve net, you know, based on their respective circumstance. i'm, i just points to, you know, what michael mentioned one of the job text also interestingly mentioned adjust

transition in addition to phase and so a fortune off the climate finance that we talked about should also be you know, directed towards achieving the just transition even in tandem with abraham, where do we go beyond just political action at this point? what, what needs to be done from a business community, an individual level in order to really limit climate change well and local level in our country as well. you know, democracy, transparency, human rights, these our critical issues. i believe not all developing nations or small island nations have social justice in the community part a at the local level, are very highly integrated into the c planning and strategy. and also the

transparency with regard to the climate finance. these needs to be boosted and when the projects are being limited, the local communities need to be engaged mall. and also with regard to the honest and education. not just did school level, but the community level need to was teach as well. ours, we only have about a minute and a half left. let me just ask you, do you at this point, have a sense of hope that enough goodwill will come out of this summit and that it will actually lead to change while got 26 and glasgow at least give us glimpses of hawk in terms of b acknowledgement on the current deficiencies in, in the, in the, in the, in the delivery of finance. in, in, in the inadequacies of current missions with regard to the carbon emission that is

the 1st step but more needs to be done. and it and why i mean, regardless of who it just needs to be done. and that is the most important thing, michael. the fact that so many youth activists and protesters have been coming out . does that suggest to you that things could change even if political leaders don't do enough going forward? i think that is the source of hope because of the honest we've spent a quarter century not doing enough on climate change. the 1st scientists reports and the i p. c. c. the and governmental panel climate change was in 1990. we've known this issue was, was upon us and we haven't done enough. and it is the young people of today who are angry about that angry my generation for not acting enough and they are all the voters of tomorrow. so i think it's been very, very significant. we've seen so many young people expressing that anger. we've seen new spokespeople emerge, not just the tune berg, but other young people,

particularly from the global cell. and i think politicians will now be under incredible pressure from their young people to, to take the further ambitious i, the r june has talked about. and i think that is one of the most hopeful things to come out of this. all right, well we have run out of time, so we're going to have to leave the conversation there. thanks so much to all of our guests, michael jacobs, abraham mohammed and argue induct. and thank you to for watching. you can see the program again, any time of visiting our website, al jazeera dot com, and for further discussion go our facebook page. that's facebook dot com forward slash ha inside story. you can also join the conversation on twitter. handle is at ha, inside story from him. how much am jerome in the whole team here? bye for now? ah ah.

with on protein because the climate change is reshaping with a hill, food insecurity cools and the pandemic leading to

a rise in violence. inter are the drug rubbish, central valley and california provides vast amounts of food for the us, but for how much longer counting the cost or alger 0. ah, this is al jazeera ah, hello. this is in use our on al jazeera, i'm fully bachelor, live from our headquarters in doha, coming up in the next 60 minutes. i at least 5 people have been killed in sudan as thousands protests against the military takeover maced deadlines and extra negotiations. but there's still no final agreement on climate action from delegates at the comp.