lucky in the ball, gary and elections, special coverage ontology. sarah, did you know, you can watch out to say we're english streaming live on like youtube channel, plus thousands of all programs. award winning documentaries. and in depth news reports subscribe to youtube dot com forward slash al jazeera english. ah. hello, i'm marianne marcy and london al made story this hour. the cop 26 summit is acreedo deal to get countries to strengthen their emissions cutting targets for 2030. by the end of next year, but there has been a lot of disappointment after a last minute change to the text language of the agreement on coal deal. agree take salary efforts towards phasing down unabated coal and phasing out inefficient

fossil fuel subsidies. g i g does not want to risk that relief blast go without an outcome. therefore, we did not oppose this additional last minute change weakening the outcome of glasgow. but we are disappointed both about the process and about this last minute change. this will not bring us closer to 1.5, but make it more difficult to reach it. this commitment on hole had been a bright spot in this package. it was one of the things we were hoping to carry out of here and back home with pride. and it hurts deeply to see that bright spot dim. we accept this change with the greatest reluctance we do so only and i really wanna stress only because there are critical elements of this package that people in my

country need as a lifeline for their future. nick clark joins us live now from glasgow and nick. it feels as though it's quite a pessimistic conclusion, or at least the mood, the mood, it seems to be quite down beat with really division in that room. a regarding the language with in the agreement and the way the process unfolded. yeah, pretty much everybody had accepted what the final tax would be and we are expecting to speak deviled through biology sharma, the u. k. president of cult and then suddenly there was a sense of ambush these last minute interventions from south africa from china. and also from india, and as you say, it phasing down unabated coal, as opposed to phasing out, which is quite a critical difference. and that came from the bo put together the indian climate chief and then followed a whole load of expressions of disappointment from the low lying states. in

particular, we are very angry about this because for them it is a matter of life and death, but they're all elements within it. within the text that a good news, especially the concept of coal and fossil fuels subsidies. despite front, they'd be watered down, being in the text tool because that is a for us and also this sense of ambition, the nation's me to come back every year and our ambition to reduce emissions. let's big now to gen, surgeon to who's a climate change. laura, an advocate, jesus would make of what you've seen. hesitated court story. yeah, it is that story, mary. and also extremely disappointing. at the same time, one of the issues that you brought on fossil fuels is actually one of the issues that at the heart of our work. so we've been fighting for years upon years to basically take what everybody else in the world knows the fossil fuels is the driver of the climate emergency and get it into the tax and bring it to the global climate negotiations. so on the one hand, we were extremely surprised that this year we finally got into the tax. but what's

in the text is extremely weak. it actually doesn't mean much at all eyes, so it just ends up perpetuating a fossil fuel system that has not been adequately addressed in the negotiations that these things are a process aren't. they said it gets into the text this year. it gets strengthened next year. overall, we haven't got much time, but overall, what's your sense of how successful this call has been or not? this camp is not been successful. we are in a ticking time bomb situation right now. we only have 8 years left and on a trajectory to over 3 degrees. so we're actually at the moment of absolute crisis where everybody needs to get into gear to solve the climate emergency. and the number one thing that all countries can do, especially the united states and europe, is to halt fossil fuel expansion and they aren't doing that. they failed to do it. desert fantastic, thanks very much. indeed for giving us your opinion about the very latest here from blogger bark tumor. great, thanks very much. al jazeera world is coming up next. we'll have more on this later

. ah ah ah, in mid 2020, a mobile phone belonging to al jazeera arabic was hacked over the next few months, working with an organization called citizen lab. the team from al jazeera,

unpicked, an extraordinary story of some of the most advanced spyware in the world. and how it's used, not least on al jazeera, as journalists with the click of a button. you can bring down nations to their news very rapidly if you so desire. and if you're willing to take the route, because every system can be israel, manufacturers, pegasus, some of the most advanced spyware in the world. it 1st came to attention in 2016. since then, various governments have bought the spyware for their own use. questions today? ah, how does pegasus work? who is using it? and who are it's victims? well, there's very little in the actual detail behind pegasus spyware. the code,

the malicious code that was used, that's very, very difficult to find out more about how thought was all at the fair. les leslie in live in a kennel model food because sort of had you felt with it, let me go live at one. and them i can use, i'm had a multiple canal, doesn't song of old. what have i only in know you're about for men? a lot of them could the solidify you for be 30 here. this are the men i've had these hollow with autism. arabic investigative reporter, time out, i'll miss ha, followed a complicated technical process to track this infamous spyware. over many months, he had one of his own phones monitored constantly with the help of citizen lab and an international research laboratory based in canada that specializes in data surveillance. ah, citizen la, who's the 1st to expose the existence of israel's pegasus spyware. in 2016,

they disclose details of what they called an exploit infrastructure. connected to a phone belonging to an activist from the united arab emirates. the infiltration, the hack led to the rest of our med monsoon remains imprison to this day. the new hacking technique was called a 0 day exploits. and pegasus was, the spyware used to infiltrate monsoons formed bill ma sac from citizen lap, has worked for several years to expose pegasus. so what happened in 2016 started with this man. i madman sort of the activist in the u. e. and he noticed some suspicious messages on his phone and that he was getting the asam as he thought they were weird because they came from unknown numbers and they were promising information about human rights. so he forwarded them to me. it said as a lab, we had known each other for a while. i got a burner phone, not obviously my,

my real phone, a burner phone and clicked on the links. and while i was doing this, i was recording the internet traffic and recording the activity on the phone and what was installed. when i clicked the link was a very sophisticated, spyware payload. and the interesting question was, but who could be behind this? who might have programmed the spyware who might have sold it, who might be using it, and the process to figure that out is called attribution. so what we did in the report is we noticed that when you clicked on the link a 2nd time, it wouldn't cause the infection. it was only limited to the 1st click and the 2nd click would send you to a decoy website to try and make it look innocuous or benign. so we clicked on the 2nd time we got redirected to google, but it wasn't just any redirect to google. it was a very specific piece of code that someone had sat down and written on their computer. so we figured, well,

maybe this is part of this spyware somehow. and if we can scan the internet, we can find other servers that had the same weird redirect to google. so this is exactly what we did. we used the popular open source v map program. we scan the internet and found 149 other servers, and this is where it gets interesting because this 2nd redirect to google was also returned by 3 servers. and s o q a dot com q a n q a dot com, and mail one dot and s o group dot com and the name here and i so group we found in a brochure and these really government's website. they had a brochure for this company, and so group, which is based in israel, and sells a product called pegasus, which is spyware, for mobile phones. in the case of pegasus citizen lab did very good work and was very, very conclusively able to say that pegasus had been written by and so groups. but

it's actually stream li, rare that were able to get that sort of concrete attribution and say this malware was written by this company. the n s o group is a technology company based in hatch layer in israel founded in 2010. it employs over 500 cybersecurity experts, pegasus spyware, is viewed as its most important product use. israel is one of the most sophisticated cyber actors in the world. and i think that a lot of this is because the israeli army is training people to do this sort of offensive, packing for you know, in their military service. more of them allow me and if he, how he should get home, how do you men wish that someone left within the huff a way the way is,

is that what alaska element will be the custom well hold on her account remark about little kaba was all at the thought was a little slightly r n a say, which is called unit a 200. it's pretty made. we allow them to create companies. and we, and order for the companies to develop. they need to make what they need to make money. they need to make money. tom or miss house spoke to william benny, who for over 30 years, worked with the u. s. national security agency, a former cryptography, and later whistleblower. com and benny was the n s. a technical leader of intelligence. benny has a high level understanding of the agencies data collection systems. what that means is, any i phone or any phone in the world 1st connecting to the network,

when you want to use it, you're immediately known worldwide. i mean, all the switches have you and they capture your i, p 's and all and your phone and app, mac numbers and all that. that's how they bill you. so that also is the known by the network in the implants, computer network exploitation implants, they have around the world over this was in 2004 under 2010, somewhere in that range. they had over 50000 implants and all these switches, servers and networked worldwide. i mean that means they own the entire network. so that if you, your phone comes on the air, then they can, they can know who you are and where you are. when citizen lab exposed and a so, and it's pegasus spyware. in 2016, it attracted world wide controversy and s o claims its mission is to develop technology for government agencies to quote, detect and prevent terrorism and crime. however, the nature of its targets,

the individuals whose phones have been hacked, raises questions about these claims. when pegasus was released a few years ago, it was mainly targeted on human rights activists, journalists, and politicians, and targeted people maybe of people with high wealth. but it's never really going to be used on the, on show public if you would, to target everyone in math net. i don't think that would be as important to the people behind it. they didn't want to see my day to day. that was your day to day going off to specific people. the danger of such spyware is its ability to infiltrate every piece of private information and hack the targeted device through the most used applications. oh. in 2019 whatsapp owned by facebook accused and eso of hacking the popular

communications tool. and this waste fear, amongst the huge numbers of global users of hort sub, especially at a time when some targeted victims appeared to meet with dreadful consequences. it. i thought himself gala softly davin visit phone miss they and been must they live on lane or the blue bell over so did him. well, how soon do you share a quote, how of a swirl of me dog the la dark monk will serve mo, good to have my will mail. let myself go must who i love them. he does i am. he saw no. was there via sealants on mexico? i up on me issue michelle, at mexico build on the horn. a mexican, he, there's a lot at all nozzles to holland, nearly a clue away. eat till night. she had do, i would be called to a la miss stella vellum. in shallow video, because do when they'll um, so if you do think that you are someone who's an important target, you're likely to face scrutiny by some government in the middle east or elsewhere.

and you are a journalist, an activist or a member of civil society. i'd recommend that yes, please do get in touch with with citizen lab or other researchers who work in this space in the art and yeah, any elijah model and we saw wanted to know how difficult it was to monitor a phone, suspected of being hacked. and here how many a santa basically it involves installing an app on the phone, which allows us to inspect the internet traffic. and, and we do this for some period of time, depending on what the at a user would like. we can do it for a short time. we can do it for a long time and try and identify suspicious patterns or evidence that, that the phone might be hacked. while working as an investigative journalist almost howled with c sweats and other suspicious messages through different apps, the threats increased over the months ramping up. as he worked on more sensitive

regional subjects, he decided to install a tracking up in his work phone, developed by citizen black to trace possible hacking the conventional way to hack a smartphone is to send a suspicious message to the targeted form that includes a short text and a link when the user clicks on the link, software takes control of the phone and thus makes the device accept any commands sent through the link. the device is then automatically connected to a server used by the hackers, and that is how the spyware gets installed on the phone. the user doesn't see the spyware on their phone, which is already been hacked. the hackers can then controlled the device and all its functions. the main challenge for spyware is to find

a vulnerability in the targeted phone, particularly as modern smartphone security protection techniques have developed significantly. pegasus managed to advance this capability considerably to be able to penetrate various kinds of smartphone. once the infection happened, the malware itself did the same stuff that we see a lot of malware do, which is spying, phone calls spy on text messages and whatsapp messages and any other encrypted messages you're sending and turn on your microphone and turn on your camera. um, what made it especially sophisticated was that they were willing to use brand new exploits for i phones to in fact their victims. and some of these exploits could cost upwards of a $1000000.00 each supply of pegasus spyware, to its clients, costs millions of dollars. and it can only used for a limited period of time. that means targeting a large number of smartphones from long periods of time,

costs hundreds of millions of dollars. this extremely expensive cost raises questions. who can afford this spyware? who are an esl groups, main clients. on its website and a so group says its spyware is, quote, used exclusively by government intelligence, as efficiently requested by the governments themselves. does this mean that pegasus cannot be purchased by other parties? when people leave the israeli military? or if they have all this very specialized, very highly sought after well paid knowledge. and so they take it to private companies such as an esl group, right. and then they, they sell it to a countries that are known to violate human rights. because you know, even though they are perhaps very intelligent by computer security, they clearly haven't thought so much about the human rights implications of what

they're doing or maybe they don't care. vega saws in a vault body to motel it eat, doing that, you more limited. there like legal singlish name. come on, mr. holt. sil, to be the haunted me. denote it of in a haunted is again on the go go me modeling on the off on lawyer. they are the will highlight is a lot on them so that they alive. hinesville, mexico in mac law. got mission movie, love a so deep, emotionally hold amiable. the old and the mahalo ardelane lay the columbia of bell mann middle admitting old bo lome. by working on this investigation, tom, at almost how so many signs of hacking attempts on his phone, the one he had fitted out to track any infiltration. after 7 months, the 19th of july 2020, he received a phone call from citizen lab informing him that the phone had been hacked.

the hacking happened a few days after he had entered an investigative documentary about an indian tie. truth, which disclosed controversial leaked documents about the tie tunes linked to the us eat and his flight from the country are miss hall had used the same form to communicate with officials and individuals in the us in order to give them the right to reply to the allegations and the film so the 1st thing that we saw on your phone was on july 19th between about 103311288. m g m cheap. there were a very high number of connections to apple servers. now usually your phone will just communicate with one apple server for icloud, for your backups, for your contact syncing the information. but in this case, in less than an hour, we saw your phone communicate with 18 different apple servers and this was very

unusual. you don't usually see this on phones, so that was the 1st clue that something suspicious was going on. and immediately after this communication stopped, we saw your phone reach out to this website regular hours dot net. in other words, your phone connected to this website, and this website stands out, because we know from our research, a citizen lab that regular ours dot net, this website is linked to an s. so group pegasus spyware. so we saw your phone reaching out to this, and if so, packets a spyware server, which let us to suspect, and then later conclude that your phone was infected. so what we can see from the recording of your internet traffic. so let's go to this point in time here, 1129, where the phone communicates with the packets a server and we can look beforehand to see what was going on mediately before that . and the only thing that we see is this communication with i cloud with apple

servers. we don't see any evidence that you pressed on a link or clicked on anything or went to any website. so what we think happened is that these communications with the apple servers delivered the initial exploit to have your phone. in other words, you didn't click on anything. your phone was automatically hacked, a so called 0 click, like we said 0 click exploits delivered through apple servers. this is a very expensive export. yes, this is if you think about the sophistication of exports to break into phones. this is as good as it gets. 0 click means hacking, without clicking on any links. pages does not require any action by the user or a click on any suspicious links. the user receives a call from an unknown caller through the internet, and the phone gets hacked, even without answering the phone call. after that pegasus spyware is installed on

the targeted phone. taking full control of the device was definitely the most sophisticated attack i've seen in the last few years. a fact it was able to be installed on a target device without the target, even clicking on anything. so 0 click attack. this is incredibly impressive. mike is a very rarely thing to better do that. it so sophisticated. but as it is rare, it's difficult for us to, to really know much more about it. and something of this magnitude was able to be conducted to steal such data is the bit of a worry. see how that if the rock as you'll click tomato miss hall, wanted to know if the 0 click process enabled, complete access to all the applications and content on his full death in milan and jazz. as far as we know, they can access everything on the phone. we saw from looking at the log files on

your phone that they were able to access the media framework. so they were able to turn on the microphone turn on the camera if they wanted to, and listen into meetings or conversations going on around your device. or they were also able to tap into the key chain on the phone. this is where your passwords for email accounts, social media may be stored. in the fact, the citizen lab was trucking thomas phone helped him take precautionary measures to prevent sensitive information being accessed. the most important thing was for him to discover the moment the hack into place and who else was affected. vote we found working together without the zeros i t team is that your case was not the only one . there were at least $36.00 other cases inside al, jazeera of phones that were communicating with servers that we linked to and s o groups pegasus spyware. in other words, there were many different people at al jazeera who were hacked and targeted. not

just you. i'll miss holland, the team from citizen lad. i'm allies the data connected to the hacking technology which targeted these devices. the hack appeared to be part of an organized campaign targeting symbol tenuously. the mobile phones of dozens of al jazeera journalists in order to spy on them. according to citizen labs technical report, israel's pegasus spyware, was used to infiltrate these phones by looking at the links and the accounts, the hacking of the phones was carried out, mainly in the u. e. and saudi arabia. the 2 countries that most used this advanced israeli technology in the region for what we saw with the infections inside al jazeera is that about half of them were from this operator that we call monarchy. it's

a code name that we give these operators when we refer to them inside citizen lab. and this operator is spying mostly in saudi arabia and cutter, but not very many other countries. so this tells us, well, if they're spying mostly in saudi arabia, maybe it is, in fact the saudi arabian government and the other half were from this other operator that we call sneaky castro inside citizen lab. and this operator seems to be mostly targeting inside the united arab emirates and cutter. so this tells us that the government, in this case may be the united arab emirates government, in other words, to different governments. it, like we're behind this campaign, ah, deals to purchase pegasus spyware on no longer a secret. many reports claim that saudi arabia and the u. e. have spent hundreds of

millions of us dollars to buy pegasus from israel. such deals seemed to be reinforced. after the recent you asked brokers so called normalization deal between the u h. e and israel. ah ah ah ah, can you hear it? anticipation these rising excitement is growing. as cattle always brings your favorite thing to cut off for the fever arab comp 2021. greatness is in the air. let sorres' walner and rich new heights join as in cattle from november, the 30th to december. the 18th booked your package now at canada. i always dont tom

shawna is pursuing prosperity that influence on the globe. and stage one at one aisd investigates what we've made for one of its closest neighbors i want on al jazeera. ah, life is never scripted. never foretold. it's never known. no matter what happiness never stole open you read between the lines. listen, always listen, never stop asking, never stop questioning. wanting to discover the among the human story. be impartial. be courageous. fun in b untold story. celebrate excellence. keep alive,

the pioneering spirit. never stole. we haven't for 25 years, we've never stopped on our journey. never stops with our commitment to you. al jazeera, 25 years, a unique path. lu i, marianna massey and london, our main story. this, our government's at the you and climate summits in glasgow have reached a deal after making a compromise on the issue of coal. the last minute change to the text on cold. you drew complaints and criticism from vulnerable nations wanted a stronger statement on ending fossil fuels. last minute change proposed by india's

will, the wedding soften from phasing out to phasing down to the well climate conference present. alec sharma struggle to contain his emotions after he.