source of water for drinking and domestic use. up building terraced ponds to collect and carefully pipe the water to both crops and holmes has saved villagers from uprooting their entire lives. yap annie nag will weigh hamlet and there was no water here or we have to go very far. a look for other water sources much for the ave run, but we are happy the water started to come here again. the water is collecting slowly and gradually reviving, kill an ally, letting scientists, and farmers in the policy the world around them is changing faster than it has to. but roads can't be on built, and there is no taking back the weather, altering greenhouse gases in the air. so all they can do now is their best to adapt to their altered ecosystem. is in basra, v o 0, but couldn't the bessie nipple? ah,

this is al jazeera, these are the top stories that thousands of opposition. supporters have been protesting and chin nicea against the president from the accused of a power grub, a say, and sacked his prime minister and froze parliament in july. he says he did it to save his country and fight corruption. so she is really out night. i've only been for the way we have been under one man, ruled since july 25th. an individual who violated the law violated the constitution, shut down the state, closed parliament with tanks, shut down, government and state institutions suspended the constitution and to day closed the streets. the soil of the republic to day the country is closed. only in the sun of libya's former leader mamma gadhafi is running for president next month. so fall islam says he wants to restore unity after a decade of conflict. since his father was deposed both canteens underway in argentine. as mid term elections results could take away the ruling pot. ernest part is 40 year reign as a majority in the senate, the governments facing rise and discontent. so with a say to the economy,

i newly founded anti corruption party appears to be leading in bulgaria is parliamentary elections according to exit polls. the we continued the change party is up against the center, right party headed by a former prime minister. boycott boys self is the 3rd parliamentary vote this year after the elections held in april and july failed to form a government hollins, prime ministers, calling on nato to take concrete steps to resolve the migrant crisis on its border with bellows. that's where thousands of people are seeking access into the european union. the bell, russian governments accused of encouraging them to illegally cross into poland as retaliation to sanctions from the e. u. a block said to impose more restrictions on monday. austria is imposing a nation wide lockdown for unvaccinated people. anyone over 12 years old who hasn't had a cold with 19 jap, will only be allowed to leave their home for essential shopping or to get vaccinated. those are the headlines coming up next and al jazeera up front. good

bye frank assessments. what's the point of the un if multilateralism isn't part of its dna? we need some, or we're sorry, steve's can exchange views informed opinions. his book is likely to change making behavioral it's not going to change their behavior. they're going to continue to do what they do and it's going to be more in trade and less in terms of trying to match this more games mentality. in depth analysis of the days, global headlines, insight story on out jazeera in less than a year, haiti has been rocked by a presidential assassination, rotating leaders and prime ministers, a devastating earthquake in hurricane, and now fuel shortages and daily kidnapping. $13000000000.00 in foreign aid has gone to the country over the past decade. what have remained the poorest country in the western hemisphere? our agency is really helping haitian people have made things worse. we'll take a closer look with 1st ramp and gang violence. government corruption and

institutional decay are leading some to argue for more aggressive foreign intervention. is that really the right move in light of a violent colonial pass? why did haiti's current leader arial honoree? fire the chief prosecutor will believe he had something to do with president? well, we've assassination. earlier this year. i'll ask this weeks headliner, patient foreign minister, close joseph. the closures up. thank you so much for joining me on upfront. thank you, mike, it's an honor to be here with you. after haitian president of an invoice was assassinated in july of this past year, you served as acting president from july 7 till about july 20th. the you and special representative for haiti, helen, the leim, said that you would remain president until an election would be held later that year. then the core group, investors to have you from canada, germany, brazil,

spain, the us, france, and the you caught for arial on read to form a government. what happened? exactly. the tragic assassination of the president, the country needed someone. so remind them that we have to go through this tragedy to get and i was that prison. no one else was risking the life. so work with the people to give them orientation. so i did headed to do so because i was the prime minister. i was the, the acting, i should say, prime minister, but i should also say that dr. henry was a designated minister. so i decided to step down and see. and the government as minister for enough is elena liam on basset to un. and haiti said

i would remain as minister on to the elections. but afterwards because of the vacuum in haiti, we all decided and i, i decided to step down. so there was no pressure. no, i was not forced. i was, i know that dr. or yellow. he was the last wish of ways that more years before a he was assassinated. we know how to come together sometimes and just, you know, put aside our own interest in upward haiti for us in september. your country's been prosecutor requested, the current prime minister on re to testify regarding his connection to the killers, the suspected killers of former president movies. but then on re fired him along with the justice administer who supported him. this appears to many, to be the case of obstruction of justice,

isn't firing the chief prosecutor and the justice minister an example of obstruction. let me say this clear. no one is above the law in haiti. it's certain that the justice system as it's the witness, but no one is above the law. what i can tell you is just just so i'm clear, the chief prosecutor and the justice minister were fired. we. that's an established fact. right? yes. by almost any legal standard that would be considered obstruction of justice. how do you see that act? is that it, it depends on where someone stands are. there are other people that actually see that there was an administrative fault. i mean, do you believe it or when what i do believe is that no one is above the law. i believe that if i am invaded by the judge, i should go, no one is above the law. so i,

i truly firmly believe in the justice system in my country optimistic in the capacity. why not? why are you optimistic? i mean, there's an n g o transparency international which gave haiti a score of, i believe, 18 out of 100 in terms of corruption. only 9 other countries in the world scored worse. what gives you optimism that the investigation will be transparent? that justice will be served given this, this context thus far. we have a report from the national police, but a particular unit that is responsible for that and that investigation was conducted according to the principles. so that's exactly why i say the confident, but again, yes, i'm confident it. remember that i was the one as a minister for enough or is that actually we ques,

a special commission in a special tribunal of from the u. n. to help the hate is just the system to actually investigate that. this crime 28 people who got to haiti and kill a president for and mercenaries 26 among them from columbia into our patient americans. so we need also international corporation to actually adjust this for them and find who actually were behind the client. recently unary publicly addressed the gang violence and kidnapping that has been taking place in haiti. but this is only days after a strike shut down schools, businesses and public transportation and put a prince. he threatened actions against gangs up to imprisonment and even death.

how seriously do you think that threat was, was taken? so he's who's because gangs should be not the one who's making the low in a country. so it's very serious threat. it's not a threat, it's something that will be conquered guys pretty soon. he would say that gangs don't run the country. and as a technical matter, of course, of course, that's true, but i'll give you an example. a permanent gang leader, jimmy barbecue. sure is a. he said that he would allow fuel to move safely into the country. if oreo on re rid of resides. doesn't sound like he's too worried about the threats coming from the government and from many perspectives. it also looks like he have a level of control over the country that the government may not want to acknowledge, but is absolutely the case. listen,

the situation in haiti is complicated. we all know that, and this is why when i was 5 minutes, i decided to sit down because i think we need to put a diverse and i'm asking not the gangs. we not, we not going to negotiate with gangs what i'm asking all political hopes or groups for the see the society to but then self together to work for hate. because what, what does that mean is that there are medications and political ramifications in what you are witnessing in terms of gangs. so that would you agree, those are the gangs don't seem particularly concerned with the government threats. they are, i think they are concerned. they should be concerned if they are not, they should be concerned that there's a, there's a way that because the public announcement about the gangs only happens after the

strike after public demonstration, there's a sense among many, including every day ordinary haitian citizens that the government isn't particular concerned about this that this is something that is only getting a response because people have stood up and protested, now we, we are very concerned. that's why you see the move when days of chicago in the haitian national police. so we, we have a new police director now and no leadership of france al bay front of it. yes, of course, a shake of could be a good move with that would be determined by a who the choices about france. albert has been accused of being involved in police repression and human rights abuses for decades, as well as having connections to gang leaders. ah elway as godfather to the son of a powerful gang leader in haiti. according to the miami herald, ah, and his security forces have a long history of, of human rights abuses. if the argument is, we care about gangs,

and we care about the violence and we care about corruption. and then you hire a new police head of the national police force. and it's such a controversial figure such a sketchy path. doesn't that only reinforce the fears that people have in the skepticism? people have desa desa entity. oh. within the national police that can investigate those allegations. i cannot myself see too much about does legation, why even appoint someone. i mean haiti is filled with brilliant, talented, extraordinary people. extraordinary leaders, principal people. there's no doubt about that. so if you already have a low competence coming from the people and from the broader world, why a point someone with such a sketchy past, where i can tell you is that those are allegations. and so, i mean they,

we have never seen any a decision from the justice system that actually come down him if he was condemn, he will not be the chief of, or the director of the patient national police. so i take them for allegations i could acquisition, and that is accusations. i mean these are coming from human rights organizations. these are coming from everyday people on the ground. these aren't sort of random sort of accusations coming out here and his date back to the, to thousands is but i have yet to see justice decision against him. that's. that's that, that's a problem. let's pivot because earlier in the conversation you talked about needing international support, international help. and this isn't the 1st time that you said that you've called for international intervention in the country. in july. you said quote, we're asking for small troops to assist and help us. there's a long history of devastating intervention in haiti outside powers coming in and

controlling the country. ah, knowing that why make the call for outside intervention? how do you justify? here's how i should justify it. i think we the, the, the national haitian national police should be supported technically. right? because we are, we, we need equipments, but we need also technical support the, the, the army also the patient army. it's clear to me crystal clear to me that we definitely need support now, but true. i mean, you do one on the ground. you don't want to act of fighting force. it can. i mean, i'm not seeing fighting force, not boots on the ground, to actually face the situation be if you call it was on the ground what was to help the military to help the police. so that's what i, i asked for the different types of intervention. haiti, unfortunately,

no, some experience, i should say, some bad will be bad types of intervention. so i did not ask for that. i asked for technical support. i asked for equipments because we do not have certain things that can help us fight the gangs, the urbanized gangs that tried to take control of the whole support training, not military forces, not a military force. of course closures have. thank you so much for joining me in the front. thank you. the haiti went from being the 1st independent black republic after a successful slave revolt to the poorest country in the western hemisphere, now flooded with international agencies. it is commonly referred to as a republic of n g o z and it has received billions of dollars in foreign assistance. but with

issues of political instability, poverty and food insecurity. have agencies provided a pathway for development or have they created a culture of dependency? joining us to discuss this are a manual, a do yon. she's executive director of publicity, a public policy think tank in haiti, and jake johnson, senior researcher at the center for economic and policy research, and the lead author where the organization's blog. haiti relief and reconstruction wash. thank you both for joining me on upfront menu. either. i'll start with you over the last decade. $13000000000.00 have been poured into haiti. the country has hosted thousands of in deals and yet haiti remains the poorest country in the western hemisphere. i have agencies failed haiti also that to some extent and agencies the industry failed to haiti because we have little to show for all the amount of money was spent in haiti. and if i consider what happened after the

earthquake in 2010, this was a large appeal. but 10 years later, you still have people on the tent use in. we have very little, we cannot see what was exactly done. we have this money. and in some of the i think that they filled us. i had hi practice and everyone in haiti had high expectant that we will, we build better. but at the end of the day, here we are, the situation, it was and it was before the j. you have also critique the international aids system. you've said that it benefits the donor countries. and the reason that haiti has been unable to build a kind of strong set of institutions internally, good equipment that an accident. and this happens with me. yeah. i think, you know, you look at this and you look back to 2010 and what's happened after right. and of the initial billions of dollars spent on humanitarian assistance. 99 percent bypass the haitian government, local institutions, right. in terms of long term development aid, it's a very similar story,

slightly higher percent. but overall the money doesn't go to haitian organizations or to the haitian government or to build any local capacity whatsoever. right. and what it does do is it goes to a handful of firms largely closer to my office here in washington than anybody in port au prince. right. and that is not an accident, right? i mean, this is the 4 and 8 industry that we have built to prioritize supporting jobs in the united states and to support our industries, both in terms of direct employment, but also creating new markets for agricultural goods and things like this. those are the priorities that have dominated our interest in terms of creating this for an 8 industry manual. the un peacekeeping mission, which was in haiti until 2019, was responsible for introducing cholera into the country. killing thousands of people. peacekeepers were accused of sexual violence including rape against hundreds of people. and beyond this, the mission is often talked about is being more like an occupation. did un peacekeepers end up fueling hostility toward outside help. and definitely, and we fear to that un peacekeeping mission,

every time i look at against intervention tools like a peacekeeping mission in haiti because of all of all sorts. yes, because it doesn't work. we've had like the minister, we called it for several years. and all i can remember is that when, why they were there, they did a few things you in there to help fight insecurity. but it was allowed amount of money spent to wait houses for them. and we know that the sexual abuse and a d n. the left and here we are, we have a game called them. we have like, nothing's every day, the police this week as week as ever and again, we are asking like, what exactly did they do? and it's just a 31. 1 more example of how for intervention, whether it's from the us or the countries do not work if they do not take into account the weakness of the institution in haiti, and they do not walk in close life relationship. we do have to try to we infer them

so that we don't that the pain on for an intervention. jake, what do you make of what a manual as says here? i mean, is it possible to learn from what has happened and have an outside intervention that does no harm and maybe even allows the the construction of a strong haitian infrastructure. yeah, i mean, i think what do we mean by intervention? i mean, i think when we talk about a military intervention or piece conversion, no, i mean that should be off the table and i think, you know, we've seen this, this lesson not just in haiti. right. but reverend, other things happening right now that withdrawal from afghanistan, right. and similar to haiti, this is a failure of a foreign but nation building efforts. right. so it's easy to look at haiti and say ok, this is a failed state. things are going really poorly, but we never look in the mirror and look at what our role has been in, in precipitating that crisis. right? this is the un mission that was not just there for security, but also to drastically reshape the political and economic life of a country. and that's not the role of outsiders to do. right. so can the international committee provide meaningful support to haiti in solidarity with

haley to support haitian lead efforts to actually lead their own development? maybe that's possible, but that's gonna take some serious soul searching from the international community to drastically change the way they approach these issues. a manual it, you said that haiti still needs additional foreign aid, but that the age should be conditioned on ah, quote, cleaning up and reform in the countries institutions. so effectively, that is a kind of attempt to influence internal powers. the are internal leadership. how do you strike their balance between saying, we don't wanna over determine what happens inside the country, but saying that we have to condition aid on basic human rights, basic law and order, et cetera, is, is, is it possible to strike a balancing reg, it's possible to have a barn as because it cannot be in all or not to like thinking in this case because we still need maybe founding in haiti to finance our development because we do lack resources. but the main problem with previous intervention we've had is that there

is a large gap between the more tears, the incentive and the need of the haitian people. so we definitely need to have people want to help follow what the people want. and it's very important when i say the people, because what the people, what is that necessarily what the official is, what we those in a state like haiti, the government is sometimes what you're for the on interest and unit all question. whether you're financing the government project or the something that the people really what something that's really good for the country. because as this happened in or the country is autocrat, or like quote or facial, we use for an end till we meet in power a manual or the president of a charity watch says that non profit in haiti exists in quote, a black hole of accountability. but which has allowed it to get away with a called a lot of waste and abuse. how is it that there are no mechanisms to hold ineos

foreign injuries accountable for their actions? there are like many reason why they do not hold and use accountable the employ. a lot of people to begin with. if you walk out and you, you have a really good job in haiti. so even people in the state, people working for the government, some of them work has consulted for n g was therefore they do not have an incentive to to impose like st. the regulation or to control what the in deals are doing. and i know kids is of course, and we are a local official, we ask and to hire people for them. so they can, they can implement a project in the community, the main goal, and they see the angels as a source of like webinar. and therefore they are like, ok, we'll let you be. and you, we benefit from the money. so it's really complicated in our many areas. and why

did you know i add to that too. right. i mean, agencies, whether it's, you know, bilateral organizations or, and jose and who are they accountable to, right. they are accountable to the haitian people that might be where they're working, but they're accountable to their donors. whether it's, you know, private funders, usa id, the, et cetera. i mean, the key metric is it, did you spend the money, right? it's not about how effective you actually did that. and we've seen this time. and again, i mean, you know, so much money goes to outside actors because of this fear of corruption in haiti. certainly manually the 1st to tell you, yes, there is corruption in haiti, but there's also corruption everywhere else. right. and there's corruption here we've, we've institutionalized, a fair amount of it, we've legalized plenty of it. but when you go and you have a big n g o working in haiti and they're buying brand new cars, renting out the houses and bedroom bill, that looks like corruption to right. i mean, and so until we actually are holding until they're there, funders are holding them accountable. right. it's a little, you know, it's a little rich to be saying, why is in haiti holding these actors accountable. we don't hold them accountable. you've said before that haiti is not

a failed state. you say it's an aid state and that agencies have, as we've talked about, an extraordinary amount of influence over the political process. can you talk about that distinction making between a failsafe and 8 states? provocative one? yeah, i mean, i think, you know, what we're talking about here are looking more root causes and why things are the way they are. right. and so putting haiti into a category is a failed state. i think for most people, you know, the message is that haiti has failed. right. and i think what we're looking at again, like i was talking about earlier, is this is a failure of foreign nation building. right. and we're not just talking about foreign assistance, but for an intervention more broadly, right? could a ties overthrowing, governments, overturning election results. and so then to turn around and say, well haiti's political situation is, you know, unstable and untenable that, well, why did that exist? right? and we have to push button courses that by for me as an aide state, it suggests that the outside agencies are exclusively responsible for haiti's condition. and that there's no room to talk about internal corruption,

internal lack of accountability, lack of transparency in various processes, whether it's the electric process or whether it's, you know, other, other extensively democratic processes. yeah. well look, i mean, i think, you know, obviously there's plenty of conversation inside haiti around what needs to be reform inside haiti. right. for me as an external observer and somebody focusing on the role of external actors in haiti. right. we can't shift that burden and say, all of the blame lies on haiti when we've played a role in precipitating us, right. and so for those outside actors that are now looking to come up with a new plan of how to intervene or how to do things better, we're going to have to look in the mirror 1st before you can do that, right. and so until we can accept that responsibility to whatever extent it does exist, right, you're never going to produce something different. you're never going to be able to adapt from that and create something more sustainable. so, you know, again, it's about changing that frame and looking in the mirror 1st before we point our fingers at hayden. manual it, do you see a time where haiti will no longer be in need of 8?

i do, but it will be difficult because if it's an and the industry in haiti, ed and it's really working. so we will have a lot to do to force people to understand that you cannot be finding. let's see, callaway in haiti for 25 years doing the same thing and stay in business. at some point, we will need to move from end to order form of partnership, and it can have been, i'm positive, i think it will have been, but it will be hard, but we'll continue to keep watch of it. thank you both for joining me. jake manuel . as well, thank you for having absolutely everyone that is our show of right. we'll be back next week.

ah, a each and every one of us. i've got a responsibility to change our patients for the better a we could do this experiment and if by diversity could increase just a little bit, that wouldn't be worth doing. anybody had any idea that it would become a magnet who is incredibly rare species. they are asking for women to get 50 percent representation in the constituent assembly year. getting these people begun to collect the give a extremely important service that they provide to the city. why

do we we need to take america to trying to bring people together trying to deal with people who left behind oh ah, brought us into museum against a president accused of a power grab after he suspended parliament and took over executive powers. ah, about this and this is all just alive from doha also come on, well,

mid term elections in argentina where the government's popularity is plunged because of covered at a struggling economy, a call for nato to raise.