and i'm forced to say when it is to see down market, i have hoped to look at someone called to willing will find a solution while the government promises to deliver electricity for all by 2025. but lou saint sees an opportunity to help take small steps, tubing, power to the people. nicholas hawk alger 0 charlie synagogue. ah, it is good to re with us. hello adrian sort of get hearing though how the headlines and al jazeera, the city of la hore in pakistan has been named the most polluted in the world. people are urging the government to save them from bursting air quality and in new delhi and neighboring india. schools and colleges have been shut indefinitely due to pollution officers come al hider has more from pakistan this time of day. yeah, people are burning the stubs are on the agricultural farms and plus the fact that

vague your lead traffic hadn't creed. and i've gotten contributing to over 40 percent of the pollution and deteriorating air quality. also people are not able to go out into the box anymore or industrial pollution and also a factor and the fact that a lot of the garbage it burned openly. but there had been annoyed wisely from the government as far as school, then work rated are concerned. and they say they've got an alarming situation. thousands of refugees and migrants on the poland bella roost border have spent another night sleeping and make shift camps. they've been trying to cross into the european union from bail roost on tuesday. police and poland, 5 water cannon and tear gas to keep them out. holding accuses pay the roofs of using the migrants as a weapon. the u. s. secretary of state has met kenny as president in nairobi as part of a diplomatic push to bring peace to ethiopia. the ear long conflict between ethiopia

as government and rebels from little them to grad region. as escalated in recent weeks, that been warnings that it may spiral into a full scale civil war. kenny has been pushing for negotiations and a ceasefire. live pictures from my robi, where antony blinking, and kenny as cabinet secretary of foreign affairs. adieu to speak following their discussions. we'll keep an eye on that we'll bring you live coverage as and when that press conference begins, the threat of a 2 week strike by energy work is in. nigeria has triggered panic, buying at petrol stations, long queues of cars, blocking streets in the capital, a boucher, the government has tried to assure people, there isn't a fuel available that hasn't stopped drivers rushing to fill up. those. the headlights money is here now to sierra right after today's edition of inside story coming up next. ah,

friends not falls, the president of the us and china hold a virtual summit. try to reset frosty relations. did they succeed? and what message to the send to the rest of the world. this is inside, sorry. ah hello and welcome to the program. i'm rob madison. relations between the world, 2 leading superpowers have been described as fraught tense and strained. china in united states disagree on many issues, including trade, human rights and the rule of law. but their leaders seem to be trying to find ways

to cooperate, such as a recent agreement on climate change. president joe biden, and she jim pang of held their 1st virtual summit to try to resolve their differences. 3 are meeting produced. no breakthroughs, at least not publicly, but both sides called it an opportunity to repair ties. our white house correspondent, kimberly hawker reports. the leaders of the world's 2 biggest economies sat face to face for the 1st time using their virtual summit as a way to reset points of tension in their relationship. we need to establish a common sense guard rails, to be clear and honest, where we disagree and work together or interest intersect, especially on vital global issues like climate change. for years, the united states is accused china of economic and defense provocations that include disrupting global training practices that hurt american businesses. and

more recently, stepping up military incursions near taiwan. president joe biden said recently, the us would defend taiwan in any conflict that in tuesday summit, he also told the chinese president, the us was committed to a one china policy and to pose any change in taiwan status. the president, she's in pen referred to by him as an old friend, same china and the u. s. need to increase communication and cooperation to make sure what's in china and the united states should respect each other coexistence piece and pursuing co operation. almost all but respect between the 2 countries has been challenging the united states. the ledges. chinese government is ms. treating chinese muslims known as wiggers, and his protests, the crackdown on pro democracy demonstrators in hong kong job. i didn't.

popularity is sagging domestically in the polls, but he went into his conversation with she's paying fresh from a legislative victory signing into law, a $1.00 trillion dollar infrastructure overhaul. the bible says will create jobs and allow the united states to compete with china in the 21st century. there was some speculation she would invite bite into the winter olympics in beijing in february, which some members of congress want him to avoid. but according to officials, the subject never came up in all the summer, produce no major announcements, but instead was designed to de escalate geo political tensions. so the us and china are able to stabilize their relationship and avoid destabilizing the entire world. kimberly, how can al jazeera the white house? well, the view from china was quite different. the english language services of state

media highlighted cheating, pains calls for mutual respect, peace and co operation. katrina, you has more from beijing, they didn't get the squad, the meeting is fruitful. and constructive and said that it opened doors to future communication. and chinese state media said that it was reassuring to the international community that these church superpowers were trying to manage the differences. now president gene and paying went into this meeting, wanting to appear strong and wanting to defend his interest. and he did that, i think in 2 areas in trade. he said that he wanted to fast track economic exchanges between the 2 countries. and he wanted draw blood and against using security issues to suppress the chinese companies. now the 2nd topic where he did this was in regards to taiwan, which is arguably the most important topic for beijing. she's in pain, want joe biden, that any support of taiwan independence would be playing with fire. and beijing says in return,

the u. s. promise to abide by the one china principal and not support taiwan independence. if you contrast the earlier meeting we had in alaska between the 2 sides and meeting full of harsh language, hostile torrence, we've had now this meeting between joe biden is she didn't ping which opened with friendly smiles, with waves of the hand and with even a sheet and ping referring to joe biden as an old friend. so because of those reasons we've seen that this meeting has this been perceived as a successful which setting of ties? are we setting of the tone between the 2 countries? ah, okay, let's bring in our guests in beijing, we've got victor gao, his chair, professor of susco university in washington, dc hydro claim, former u. s. deputy assistant secretary of defense for east asia and in our slow glen decent professor of international relations at the university of south eastern nor

we welcome gentlemen to the program glen. i'd like to ask you 1st. as we've heard, relations between these 2 countries were extremely poor. but in just in the a matter of a few days, we've had an agreement on climate change. now we have this apparently very cordial public meeting. what do you think is driving this change in emphasis? oh, i think that ha, that you attempted to reverse what has become the most important development in international systems, which is not china is quickly becoming the most powerful state while the u. s. is in relative the crime. so for that reason, i think china seas, the time is on its side. meanwhile, united states and that the reverse, this, which has resulted in military and economic conflicts are given that china has pushed back as well as kind of the test but its limits. i, i think both countries have a common interest in not allowing this to get out of control. but the, that being said,

i think it is simply because the u. s. is the country and relative to connie has more incentives to challenge. what is the status quo? victor glancing there, that essentially the china has it does, is in a strengthening position, and the u. s. is now at a disadvantage. do you think that that is what has motivated president teaching ping's acceptance of this public meeting with joe biden? though i think her present joe biden, and present, she can be of china. they knew each other well for more than one decade. they were a vice president of the each other's country. they call along very well. and this meeting, the virtual summit, as we call it, is long overdue. it should have happened earlier this year. however, i think the fact that it takes place that is truly a milestone event in china. us relations, it gives assurances to everyone in china in the united states that despite of all the differences, the pop leaders of the 2 countries can sit down. be friendly,

be called you as you mentioned and discuss all the differences. rather them freind to temper, tried to get to each other's juggler, for example, not only threaten their own people by threaten world of peace and development. this is the better side of china us relations and i hope it gives everyone the reason to believe that they can get over their differences and they can find a way to get along despite of that tremendous amount of differences which need to be managed. i know was this meeting perhaps also a u. s. recognition that previous efforts to try to influence china's domestic and foreign policy i've kind of foundered. i would say 1st of all, that i would concur with professor gal assessment that the meeting taking place, the virtual meeting, taking place on that in and of itself as a positive element. and the fact that it was for frank and the candid, and

a cordial conversation is also positive, particularly when you juxtaposed that to the meeting that occurred earlier this year in anchorage which deteriorated. ah, that being said, i think that if you read, if you read the read out from on the white house, for instance, the meeting, we can all assess that not being substantive actually came out of the meeting. there were no locals. there were no rural agreements to do anything. i think the biggest take away is that both countries, both governments recognize that open and transparent in canada, communications are required. and this virtual meeting on the heels of 2 telephone calls that have occurred since present by and took office is a positive development in that sense. i want to talk about that meeting in anchorage for a bit because when the u. s. secretary of state and chinese foreign ministers met in alaska in march. the tone, as we've been saying was a lot more hostile to listen to this. i just made my 1st trip. as i noted to japan

and south korea. i, i have to tell you what i'm hearing is very different from what you described. i'm hearing deep satisfaction that the united states is back, that we're reengaged with our allies and partners. i'm also hearing deep concern about some of the actions your government is taking. giovanni core, china, as it has in the past and from now on, will never accept the u. s. is meaningless criticisms. we must demand that u. s. drops is frequent hedge, a monic action was of interfering in china's internal affairs guy. okay. i want to ask victor about this because we heard obviously very strong words from the u. s, but we also had very strong words from china. and that is unusual. and i've heard under president she whether he is directly responsible for this or not. there is, there is an assessment of that policy being described as aggressive diplomacy that

china was no longer simply going to sit back and, and take the criticism. but, but it was actually going to essentially take the fight to those who were opposed to it. but now we're seeing this change is that are suggesting, do you think that china has been, can become concerned that that policy has over reached a mark and has brought it closer to risky confrontation with the u. s. and others. and that perhaps is why we're seeing this dialing back of rhetoric. eugene took place on the very special circumstances. ah, when otherwise it was very cold at that time. and then both younger teacher and one ye on the chinese side. and then their counterparts in the united states, they were sizing up each other, tried to test what of what each other in preparation for the summer meeting or the virtual somebody meeting which took place to day. now the working level meeting need to be as straightforward as possible. the chinese side,

the united states had no justification to talk to china from the position of so called strength. and this is truly unprecedented. i think china feels comfortable enough to tell the united states in very serious and straightforward term that the relations between china of the united states should be level relations. no. why should i lecture the other from above and china, the united states need to deal with each other as equals? now this is reflected very much in this virtual meeting today, president biden and president jim being seem to get along very well, very cordially they respect each other. they like each other. they can get along with each other and the working level people. the 2nd job, stay the national security adviser on the united states that come to pass in china need to deliver all the goodwill demonstrated by the to head of state. this gives hope that china, the states will not go to war, go to conflict,

go to each other's juggler. they will get down to business to treat each other as equal. and then as present, she being said, the world is big enough to accommodate both china and the united states. glen, this virtual meeting, if i understand correctly, is essentially one step up from a phone call, but it's far below a physical face to face meeting. now obviously, there may well be logistical reasons why the junk the main concern couldn't have a face to face meeting, but what do we read into the fact that rather than having yet another phone call, they decided to have a virtual summit meeting which lasted 3 hours. and was very public all it's, it's difficult to say, i guess, and it could be many variables. it could be possibly reducing. well, that's all out. if, if the meeting would be a failure, it could be restrict, will simply caution over the pandemic. or it could simply be not,

not wanting to take a real meeting with they would see how this when, so i, i agree with, you know, what was said in the previous meeting. the last guy was more confrontational simply because they were kind of testing each other out and pushing back and obviously, and i think were china about what was russia and they were reluctant to be address from this position of sovereign inequality in which, for example, the u. s or do you think will come and the point will be to lecture them. so instead they assisting them on having this meeting. i'm sorry and equals now i think this meeting was much better for me pretty much because this was not how the meeting started biting did not show up to lecture being. and then there was a feeling of a meeting between 2 equals, which i'm a common interest. therefore in seeking cooperation and reducing tension. so things

have the format immediately on the right track. now that being said, given that this meeting went well, it's quite possible that it can be upgraded them to another meeting, actually in person. but it all depends how this plays out. and i will just add also one difference is time was biting, gives pointing out that this need for common rules of the road, which is the american. you prefer to names to the so called rules based international system. now, this is a very bad point of departure of talking to the chinese because they may have been incorrectly interpreted somewhat, or william terms is actually they consist of in the common role. so the chinese in system then the operating on their, the rules of international law in, on of you and charter. so on the contrary, we see that often to us tends to when the speaks of values. and the rules based international system implies that it has been broken to, to use liberal values to exempt itself from international law. and i think that's

why it went so bad in alaska as well as that the chinese and began to lecture. i'm an older internal affairs which obviously would not accept all the way around. so i think that was the main reason why this meeting went so much better than the previous. i know, let me ask you about that. that element of creating a common understanding of the world in which both countries live. do you think that we are seeing a subtle shift in u. s. policy and as much that it is trying to, as glenn was referring to go talk about the rules of the road, the guidelines, the guardrails i think was one of the phases that the president used in terms of the for want of a better face, the playing field in which both teams are on rather than trying to directly influence china. well, i would say that there has been a distinct evolution in sino u. s. relations since 2017, where the national security, the last national security strategy was published. ah, where great power competition was specifically cited as the greatest national st.

charles the united states. and we called out, ah, she ging pings china as being a primary focus there. and i think, you know, i'd like to push back a little bit on this concept of the united states lecturing. china. ok if you go to practically in the corner of the world today, whether it's within europe or china's neighbors in east asia, there has been a confluence, all interests, an alignment with international norms, democratic values, the like that's been pushing back on what has been an assertive and even an aggressive chinese foreign policy that is used for instance, economic coersion against countries such as australian, south korea, velaz over the years, let the waning most recently and europe. it's,

i somewhat ironic chinese lane about the united states lecturing when chinese diplomacy, quote, unquote, has brought a new york term to our lexicon that a weird overseas i would push back on that a little and with respect to the actual meeting yesterday. and the fact that it was a virtual meeting again, i think that's a positive development to step up from a telephone call. but, you know, at a certain point, hopefully, ah, president, she will be able to travel again internationally because you miss the international stage of united nations general assembly. a few months ago he missed the meetings and wrong. he missed the meetings in glasgow. so that certain point, hopefully she ging thing will be able to venture outside of china to engage with his counterparts and pers, there is a slight problem that the u. s. has at least with regard to taiwan and please correct me if i'm wrong in this. but if i understand correctly that the u. s. has

a policy that we talked about earlier about m, there being a one china policy policy that, that, that it agrees with the one china policy. but at the same time, president biden has said it will defend its allies. i. e, tie one to an outsider like me, that seems like a mixed message. it seems like 22 different sides of the same coin. does that counter any? and i'm understanding or undermine a possible understanding when it comes to meetings like this, because china, perhaps understandably, we say, well, you're saying one thing, but you're willing to do another and we don't exactly know where you stand on this . well, i would, i would say that u. s. policy has been consistent and longstanding since 1979. and i will also mentioned that we have domestic look legislation the taiwan relations act that governs our unofficial relationship with taiwan. so there have been no changes there whatsoever. yet again, the present yesterday reaffirm the u. s. commitment to the one china policy,

the commitment to 3 communicate as well as the commitment to the 6 assurances which my chinese colleagues you know, fail to mention, but that is also natural part of our relationship. i'll be an unofficial with that of taiwan. and the united states has also been steadfast, in its commitment to no unilateral changes in the cross straight situation. and again, i would venture to say that, particularly over the last 12 to 15 months, the exponential increase in purely activities meant to intimidate and coerce the people of taiwan has not done anything to stabilize the relationship. i want to move on from taiwan cuz obviously that is a very thorny subject. we could be talking about that for hours. victor, let me ask you this. this is being referred to as an effort to resets relations all be that the, the, the meeting between the 2 presidents have, as i said before,

appears to have been cordial. is it going to be difficult for president? she ging ping to be able to persuade other elements of his party of his government who might be more, might have stronger feelings towards the u. s. that this is now the route to go that they both countries can work together. well, i think a lot of the chinese people and among the chinese government officials, there is tremendous amount of goodwill for the united states. don't get me wrong. the chinese people are not enemies of the united states. and if we look at the deterioration of china relations ever since trump became the president in 2017, a lot of the problems actually were crated to by the american side rather than by the chinese side. the chinese that were on the receiving side of all these china passion for example, saw i think if we can really get down to business or can really call a spade a spade, china, us relations can go back to very constructive,

very normal friendly relations. i think in the united states, there are people who need to come to terms with the fact that china is all becoming larger than the united states as an economy. that should not cause insanity, washington, they need to treat this as a reality. the key is now that china is fast becoming the largest economy in the world. how can channel the united states get along with each other? and this should be the key thing that biden, and she didn't really need to talk about it. i don't think the united states will lose their sanity of the mind if china surpasses the united states. because these 2 countries have very, very different systems. and i don't think china has any desire or commitment to replace the united states as the top dog of the world because we simply see no fun of becoming the top dog of the world. that's why she's being said,

the world should be big enough to accommodate both channel the united states. fundamentally, china, the united states, should not be enemies against each other. they should be partners and friends with each other. going folks liked her, i'm sorry to interrupt you, but i want to come to glenn on this because of the meeting. as we mentioned before, was 3 hours long. we only saw a small proportion of it. clearly there was stuff that was being discussed or not in public. what evidence going forward? you think we should look at to see whether or not this meeting has actually had an impact. pause negative on relations between china, the us and obviously all the other countries in that region as well. who will, of course, be directly affected by any change in relationship between the us and china. i think it's wonderful that obviously both parts needs a while and addressing each other respectfully. however, i don't think too much was

a cheap when it comes to economics. i think obviously there's more room for maneuver in terms of science, finding compromises. again, this is a very difficult part because i think that the economic hardship when you're trying to use to find a clear division of labor and which do not a states with innovative control the i think industries china will produce an assembled. however, the china is not the china global change, and now it's more of a direct competitor to united states. so there's more of a need, therefore, to renegotiate economic partnership as well. to also accommodate on the what format they can actually come. deep level are going to leave out there because unfortunately time has come up against us. but i want to thank all august to go hydro clean and glen d. c. thank you. to course for watching. you can see the program again any time by visiting our website. i'll just here at dot com for further discussion. go to our facebook page, that's facebook dot com, forward slash a j inside story. you can also join the conversation on twitter. we are at

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