stepped in the loft i ran and climbed on to the roof of someone's house. the volcanic ash and smoke was choking. i felt like i couldn't breathe for 10 or 15 minutes. i don't know. but thank god i was given a chance to live. others weren't so lucky. the body of a 13 year old boy was retrieved on monday. the rescue was battling dangerous conditions. rain has turned debris into thick mud, and the lava is hardening. for now once bustling villages remain empty and silent. people say they're too scared to go home and case the volcano rolls to life once more elixir bryan al jazeera. ah, your child is there with me, said robin in doha, reminder of all top news stories. he was president joe biden, and his russian counterpart vladimir putin has been holding a video coal. i'm it rising tensions about ukraine. washington says it has evidence

. moscow is planning an invasion wall, which russia denies. kimberly elk, it has moved from washington, d. c. the u. s. president consulted with european allies, the leader of germany, the leader of france, as well as britain and italy. and what we're told is that they really try to get on the same page in terms of what they want to see from russia. and that is respect for ukraine's territorial, as well as it's as sovereignty. so this is something that has been conveyed by the u. s. president. there is also going to be a request for a di escalation attentions and an attempt to return to diplomacy. the u. k. has implemented new travel restrictions as a result of the new cove. in 1900 variance people traveling there will now need to show a negative fact results within 48 hours of the flight. at least 4 people have been killed by an explosion in the wrong southern city of basra. the blast happened

their hospital, several other people have been injured. the saudi coalition in yemen says its lot. several air strikes against military targets in the capital flaw comes after the 4th is reportedly intercepted and destroyed mythos. find that the kingdom by who the rebels earlier the who these claims saudi oil facilities and the capital. jed though, hit the who these control much of northern yet and including santa which they seized in 2014 germany as market anglo medical's last day. as chancellor leaders of the social democratic party green party and freed democrats, attended the signing ceremony in berlin. ella short to set to replace her on wednesday, bringing the curtain down on her 16 year rein, pays away for a transform political landscape with a new coalition government. those were the headlines. i'll be back in half now with the algae 0 news on next. it's inside story to stay with me

and i the end of an era for german politics and the start of a new one chance langler merkel retired after 16 years leading her country and europe. so what's next, and how will her successes take on the many challenges facing germany and the, this is insides thought ah, welcome to the program and has them seek it for 16 years. angular merkel steer germany through economic meltdowns, refugee crises, and most recently

a global pandemic. but her time as chancellor has come to an end, olaf sholtes now takes over and will run europe's biggest economy. he says his 3 party coalition government will focus on working with democracies around the world, including the u. s. and he's promised to strengthen the european union. but germany's incoming leader faces a number of challenges. rising coven 19 infections? climate change and tensions with russia and china will bring in our guests in a moment. the 1st dominic cane takes a look at angular miracles, legacy 4 times angle immaculate, her party into a general election. 4 times. she won that election and using a leadership style based firmly in the political center. when the berlin wall fell, chancellor helmut kohl brought her into government where she thrived, and when a scandal engulfed him, she engineered his departure with a ruthlessness which saw her 1st become party leader. and then chancellor in 2005.

she was under estimated by her rivals, though i was talked about the way and the means they would come to power bud merkle, follow the logic of party politics, get power key, power, and get your opponents and why was away the in suing e, you debt crisis propel to on to the international stage where her star rose as she helped broke a bailouts for europe's ailing economies and cemented her position as a german leader. the world's presidents and prime ministers wanted to be seen with . but it was her handling of another crisis, which would shake people's faith in her when refugees from serious civil war began arriving on europe's doorstep, she opened germany's borders more than a 1000000 came increasing numbers of senior colleagues in her own party, openly disagreed with her policy her poll rating suffered and the far right

populace, anti immigrant alternative for germany party thrived. many wondered if michael was becoming a lame duck. but then came the corona virus and as infection and mortality rates rose across europe. so did mcelroy resolve. one of you was pending me. europe's economy is badly shaken with fundamental human rights have had to be temporarily, massively restricted to an extent unprecedented for our democracies over. these are decisions that are among the most difficult and my term as chancellor. her pragmatism time ment, agreeing vast grants to ailing european economies. she was brilliant in managing through all the crisis are but again, not in a very visionary way. there's hardly a project, a could link to angular magazine. okay. this is where she actually implemented whatever topic were discussing, actually a great idea. so it's much more that she managed to to get through all these crazy

but cove. it was the crisis she couldn't manage away through alone in her last days . as chancellor. the numbers of daily cases had record highs. now she had to give way to the incoming government leaders who vetoed her proposed locked her. and as the new parliament deliberates, she is just a spectator looking on as the man who replaces her, does so having styled himself as a male miracle, dominate king al jazeera berlin. ah, well let's bring in our guest. now talk more about this in berlin. we have all ric bruckner, professor of political science at stanford university in berlin, julia from brussels, rebecca, kristy a non resident fellow at the independent think tank frugal. and in london, we have a mat quattro per chair of applied political science ah,

at covent university. and the author of angle, a marco's biography, very warm welcome to all of you. so, oh, rick, if i could start with you, then since you are where it's all happening, what can we expect from this new german government? while the new coalition one be elections with a promise that they will do differently from that, they promised to be reform team. and they all stand for. they are selling points, social democrats for social justice. they environmentalists, the green party for climate change and the liberals for more business oriented like the comic priorities and they all promise that this will be progress, whatever that means. but what we see in the elections is that the appetite for reform was on the one hand, they can now to kick the question of a credit union from government. which for a party that has been in power for most of the years of the federal republic. of

germany, it came as a shock, but the, and the total appetite doesn't seem to be as high as a lot of people, especially concerned about climate change would like to see happening. so that is continuity. and at the same time, there's change, but no radical change or revolution. rebecca christie, what is the new germany means for this, this new germany mean for europe and the rest of the world? germany has a chance to reset its leadership role within the european union. during the panoramic, germany was able to be much more of a fiscal leader and much more proactive in addressing issues that have been during the euro crisis. when a lot of times germany is role was to hold back and wait till the last minute before trying to find some way through the problem. if the new chancellor can continue that forward moving momentum and continue keeping germany at the forefront

of looking for ways to stimulate the economy and contain the pandemic, it'll really be a chance to put germany in a new light on the international stage. mac wardrobe. there are potential areas where all 3 of these parties could, could, could see friction. but on, on the arena of foreign policy. from the point of view of, of foreign governments. is this germany likely to look that much different from the germany that anglo merkel lead to 16 years? i think it might actually loop all the different, i think in foreign policy, the liberals have traditionally been more sort of focus on democracy and human rights. that was the case when you play can show back in the day was the foreign minister. and it's also the case that when the green party was lost in government, they had your official with the foreign minister. and he was extremely active

sickness foreign policy. and he was the one who ensure the germany for the 1st time since the 2nd world war sent troops into battle in the, in the crisis over kosovo. the green party, as well as the liberal policies have been very critical of russia. they've been very critical of china. so while the social democrats traditionally had members of the elements within them who being quite positive towards russia in particular that i think will change, especially on the vehicle, is going to be the foreign minister. that said, it says in article $65.00 of the german constitution that the chancellor determines the guidelines of policy. so if we will, that might be a little bit of a schism there in the government. social will might try to push back a little bit, and that's going to be very interesting to see if he is able to and willing to an interest in data in pushing back on foreign policy. but i think the fundamentals

need to be more vocal in the criticism walton likes to be of russia, rebecca christy, just picking up what some of mack water that said there. do you expect this government to be to take a hard line on, on some of the foreign policy issues, particularly with, with regard to russia and what's doing what it's doing in europe right now with regards to ukraine and bell roofs and so on and take it off a chance, it's a tougher stance on china as well. i agree that the mood toward russia is likely to tighten up, and the germans are likely to be a bit more critical where they can run a tough spot right now, particularly because of the nordstrom to pipeline that is still not online. and that puts germany in a position of having to work with russia more than some of russia's critics might like on china. i think it would be easier for the coalition to have

a unified front in the message they want to send. there's been a lot of concern about human rights abuses from the coalition partners. and this is an area where i think they may be able to come together to hold their message and possibly find ways to even make it effective. who are broken or this is something of a groundbreaking coalition, isn't it? it's, it's been called the the 3 traffic lights coalition because of the various colors that each party represents. you've got, you've got the greens and, and the does it. the conservatives in air, as, as, as well as what is the main governing party and, you know, the, the expression of politics making strange bedfellows comes to mind. is it going to be hard to keep all of those various factions happy? i think from outside it appears as a major change is, is not a very polarized societies, which means that macro move the christian democratic union to the center and also

the demo credit deliverance and the green cluster in the middle. so they tried really hard to highlight the differences in the campaign, but all commentators saw more the similarities and the overlapping positions which made it a very smooth discussion until we had a coalition agreement that nails down all the bullet points that this coalition is trying to address mac lots, reflect. come back to you on this. what does, what does all f shields bring to this government? as a leader? what, what are some of his personal qualities on him? i know you mentioned earlier about foreign policy and how it's traditionally been run from the, from the chancery. that's something that anglo merkel certainly did. is there, is there a potential, is that something that he would, is that a tradition that he will, he's likely to continue? and if he does, is that going to be a problem for the new foreign minister who's from the, the green party?

well here we can just start with the shoulds. first, one of the most eminent economists in germany last fell to one of the economic wise men. they have such an institution in germany. he described very can make policy as people longstocking economics. and i think there wasn't meant a s i meant as a criticism, but i think in some ways that's the positive thing you can see about what i've shown, if you know your swedish children stories people, longstocking is a kind and strong little girl. now shells of course is not a little girl, but he's somebody who bases his policies on social justice i. e. kindness would have a, a minimum wage that would go up to be a focus on the social justice. but at the same time, he also be based on strength. in this case, economic spring. he has a track record as finance minister before that he was, he was a minister of labor in the 1st the macro government. so he has

a track record. he has the fiscal strength, he is somebody who is willing to be very magic. he's at a point to see if he cannot make advice to somebody. he used to work for goldman sachs and an economist from with, with business background. so this combination of social justice and fiscal responsibility i think is kara crisis or lighthouse. and that's the thing that would also characterize jeremy. i don't see that as being in any way opposed to what i don't mean to be a book or any of the other green members of the government would be in favor of the green policy in many german states on linda that are in government with the conservatives, they on some ways, economically to the right of the social democrats. if you look at the, at some of the southern states hired on phosphoric on the green premier, that it's probably in some ways to the voice of the, of the social democrats. so i think we can say that shots government is economically in the center. it's based on pragmatism. and i think that's the way he

would be. so in some ways, the continuation of man. oh, certainly in terms of stability. rebecca, kristy, how do you see this? government handling the whole issue of immigration and refugees, which is something that is coming to the for over the last few weeks. is this, there been indications that that they will formulate a more humane policy if you will. one way to do it might be to focus on the overall economy and the pandemic, rather than the political implications of immigration. certainly in germany. and whenever we've seen swings of the far right coming, they've come with a lot of emphasis on the danger of immigrants and the threat of foreigners and a way to reset that issue might be to focus on economic growth on coming together

to continue to contain the pandemic and looking for ways to strengthen the economy and workers from all over the world coming to germany and contributing to germany is a way that that can be framed to everyone's benefit perhaps. yeah. or report their, rebecca mentioned the, the pandemic there. that's obviously the, the most immediate issue right now for this new government. how are they likely to respond to, to the current situation with the pandemic and, and the arm across very but on the one hand, the condemn it didn't appear equally in every part of germany. in the same way, so it made sense that the centralized political system as the federal republic of germany, but gives a lot of power to the cotton. as of the different 16 lender can react differently. and they did. so it appeared as a california walker's father to every governor does things differently. but we also saw

a lot of coordination happening on the federal level. and that's why everyone was very curious. the who will be nominated the new help. and we have a professor our us epidemiology expertise, who was basically every day in talk shop. and he is for many years and how expert up the social democrats and he was nominated to help minister . so we will see basically a hard liner to fight the and i make in the driver seat. and it's very likely that the governors respond to his guidelines. max law trip, if we turn to climate change. now this, this government has said that once a farrah more liberal germany and that translates to climate change policy, a climate change being a priority day day. they said they're going to phase out coal. they accelerate the

phasing out of coal by 122030 instead of the original target is 202030 8. is that something that 1st of all is viable and if, if, if it isn't, is that something that could come, that could cause friction with the grains. it is one of the other things they also going to do is that next year they're going to to and reliance on nuclear power. the green party, in many ways was a party that was established as an anti nuclear party. and if a, if they close that down, then they will have a little bit of a problem. that said, germany has had an immense increase in the number of the use of renewables. there is some reliance on gas from the east, but it's not as bad if you'd like, as a lot of people say. so that can be some, some issues that have to be dealt with. germany will have to step up to the plate. but, but then again,

she has done that before. so i think in it isn't everybody's interest to find a solution. but the, the facing out of nuclear power is, is a problem from, from, from that point of view. also the green party in some ways already lost out. they had wanted to get the ministry of transport because they wanted to have limits on the speed, speed limits on the, on the german, out to bomb. so highways and that ministry went to the liberal party, showing them way, some way, a liberal party has already lost if you'd like the 1st round. and it's important to, to make sure that they cannot deceive susan. yeah, i want to talk about some of that with rebecca christy is that, is that how you see things as well? oh, we haven't talked about much, is the financial aspect of all of this. and certainly coming into this, germany is going to have to look at how much it's willing to spend on its energy infrastructure on its climate infrastructure,

on its digital infrastructure. looking at ways to do that, to manage the digital and the climate transitions while also navigating germany is very tricky. fiscal politics is going to be a big challenge for this income and government. and this is because the finance ministry is going to be run by christian live, know who is from the, from one of the right wing parties is that that's been talked about as a potential area of friction. that's certainly a potential area of friction, particularly on the issue of germany's debt break, which is a fiscal rule that determines how much germany can borrow on the public markets based on a formula of things like economic growth and perceived economic danger. shorts has been very proactive and wanting to change it. we should note that it is suspended right now. during the pandemic which has been one of the most successful and boldest measures that miracles, government was able to bring about on its way out if she can continue that rethinking of the debt break and revisiting it. and if the incoming finance

minister of his skepticism can be overcome, or at least channeled in a way that allows germany to make these investments, then i think there's a real potential for progress. if the debt break comes in and germany heads back towards the shocks, a know this idea that any type of public debt is, is dangerous in of, of itself. then i think there will be a very hard time rising to these challenges. oh, boy, broke. now how do you see germany's economic policy evolving under this new government? well, we have an export model, which means that we produce things that the rest of the world likes to buy. and most importantly, we are part of the european union and to sing the market. so all part in the new coalition are dedicated europeans and they even go as far as declaring that the long term goal is something like the united states of europe like

a federal european state. having said that, it would imply that the monetary union should be stabilized for something like a fiscal union, but this is given what was just said about the constraints in the financial situation of your germany and chris generally not being very skeptical about and enhanced his the competence of the european union, not very likely to so on the one hand, we depend on the global economic situation as such, including relations with china. but we also depend on the recovery of the european union market with the 750000000000 recovery plan that it actually boost the economy to allow that terminal economy model to continue my quote. i just, yes, i go ahead. good jumping. yes. i think one of the interesting things about is also

you have to look at the small trend. so overall you're not allowed to have a test. it comes with german constitution. but you are allowed to have deficits run by companies that have majority government shareholding. so what they have done rather cleverly, to, to get around to debt break is that a number of companies, for example, the housing government own housing company can run a deficit. so a number of the, of the, the, when it's cold in legal terms, emanations of the state government and companies that are controlled by the government. they are allowed to run a deficit. and therefore, you have a clever, legally have a way around this that will allows, i mean, some ways to run a deficit. the only problem is that mindful power of the german constitution might be challenged in the courts and that is a whole new other headache. but i think they have tried to find and they have found a wrong way around rebecca christy. i'm going to give the,

what's probably going to be the last word to you then the german constitutional court is a big question. it's good to mention that because a lot of the ways that germany has been able to contribute internationally have been challenged at home through this court. and the court has been very clear in showing its own skepticism about how german law relates to european law going forward. a big challenge will be finding ways to contribute internationally and steering clear of what from the outside. and i am not in germany look like kind of embarrassing showdown between german law and european law. this is the sort of thing that we've come to expect from poland and from a hungary rather than from germany and saying, wait a minute. national law might just be the thing here rather than european law to succeed in the new coalition shelters. going to have to find a way to show that germany will contribute to the strength of the european union and keep it moving forward together. all right,

but we are going to have to leave it there. we are. unfortunately out of time, i want to thank all 3 of you for taking part in the discussion, olred, bruckner, in berlin. becker, christy, and brussels and mac caught up in london. thanks very much for being with us, should be interesting to see how all of this does play outs, and thank you. as always for watching, remember, you can see the program again any time. just go to our website at al jazeera dot com and for further discussion, you can go to a facebook page at facebook dot com, forward slash ha, inside story. you can also join the conversation on twitter handle. there is a inside story. for me has a secret and the entire team here with ah

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