i think they do that because they know they have the ability to host users in lore, them back to the platform. ultimately, i think it's incumbent upon governments to look at how it is we can better structure on the incentives behind companies like facebook on that rely upon this toxic business models to railings, advertising. ah, this is out there. are these your top stories, jail, media tycoon, jimmy lie and 2 other pro democracy activists have been found guilty of organizing and participating last year's band, gentlemen. square visual hong kong bound the annual vigil to mark the 1989 moscow. citing the panoramic britons prime minister has announced to return to tight a corona virus restrictions to stand the spread of the omicron variance, or as johnson is urging people in england to work from home and his mandating coven 19 passes for entrance into public venues. while the announcement comes out after

he was forced to apologize for video, showing his staff, joking about holding a christmas party during last year's lockdown. i think for overwhelmingly the the public see the importance of the, the messages that they are getting by this medium. it is imperfect or we do what we can to explain. what we think is, is necessary. i know it's contentious. i know it's difficult, and i know that sometimes the, the messages are confusing. or we do our absolute best to make it as, as clear as possible. and we do everything that we can do to protect public health . that's what we're, we're, we're driven by make a fire. it says a 3rd vaccine dose is effective against the omicron variance pfizer and its partner by intact say, lab test show a booster shot office increase protection. pfizer has also started to develop an omicron specific vaccine which should be available next year. say the children says

this year, more than a quarter of a 1000000 children in 8 countries may have died from hunger. the charity says children in east africa bearing the brunt of the climate crisis and is cooling on governments to fully fund response funds. the u. s. house of representatives has voted in favor of banning imports from china's western shin giant region over forced labor consent is part of washington is pushed bank against beijing's treatment of muslim week is which the u. s. says amounts to genocide to become law . it needs to pass the senate and be signed off by president joe biden. it's alleged force. labor is rife which beijing has denied as he headlines and he's continues here on out his ear off the street and stay with us. talk to al jazeera, we ask how would you describe taliban relationship with the u. s. we listen coffee

. one kid who's not told for coffee 19 has been terrible demonstration of the failure of human. so we meet with global news makers and talk about the stories that matter on al jazeera. i think i am josh rushing going in for me. okay. and you're in the stream today, the pursuit of nuclear fusion, many think of it as the ultimate energy source of the future. i mean virtually unlimited and free of radio, active waste and greenhouse gases. but what will it take to get there? scientists have been at work on fusion energy for decades, and now they say achieving it may be closer than ever. we're hear more about the science it's being done with fusion. but 1st, what questions do you have? ok, look at that, see this box over here. there you go. that's you tube. if you're watching this on you to, we have a live producer in there right now waiting to get your questions to me. so i can

get them to the world's foremost expert on fusion, who are joining me now on the big screen. and i'm going to ask them to introduce themselves. we're going to start with tim, tell us who you are. oh josh, i'm tim luce, i'm the chief scientist for the eater project. for those of you don't know the eater projects, the largest effort toward magnetic confinement fusion, it's a consortium of china, european union, india, japan, korea, russia, in the united states. ah, great, thanks. all right, andrew, it, josh, i'm andrew hollins, ceo of the fusion industry association. we are the private association representing all of the a privately funded fusion companies trying to commercialize fusion power. all right, great and tammy. hi, i'm tammy mom and the lawrence livermore national laboratory. and i work on the national ignition facility. we are the world's largest most energetic lisa in the

world. okay, great. tammy, i want to begin with you. we have a graphic here. we're gonna roll. can you walk us through what fusion is? yeah, absolutely. so fusion is the same reaction that powers the sun. what you're seeing, seeing here is what we try to do, which is to use the terry human treaty unfair to isotopes of hydrogen, so heavy hydrogen. and we have to slam that the tear even tritium atom close enough together such that they use an on be a reaction side. you get a helium nucleus coming out in a neutron m, at helium, nucleus weighs a little bit less than that. deuterium and tritium. originally did, so you stick bad into einstein's famous equation, but differential in mass, and you multiply by c squared, the speed of light squared. and that's why you get a huge amount of energy out. and that's the potential. as you said, yes, small numbers put into that formula become really large because of the speed of

light squared. it's just a huge number, right? that is exactly right. yep. but, but currently guys, this exist only theoretically, right? i just read this would be the 1st of many things like that wrong way set us right loose on the magnetic side we've been making fusion for a long time. busy the challenges, the scientific feasibility making fusion, give us more energy back than we put in, and that's the frontier we're striving for. now. i'll give it back to tammy. she was going to also make a comment along the same lines. i suspect i need to talk to tammy, let me throw this out here cuz you guys just had a breakthrough out there, right. and we can look at my, my computer, see the story about it. fusion breakthrough, the brink of fusion, ignition at the national ignition facility where you're sitting, tammy, what was the breakthrough? yes. so the breakthrough was we got almost 70 percent of the way to getting more energy out than we put in with the lasers. and what we were also able to accomplish

is what we call a burning plasma infusion. so that little arc that we started was enough to actually get, you know, your, your one burning and regime that is very interesting and can rapidly, at increased much more fusion reaction. and this has been done before, but you got better results this time is, is that right? and then how much better results like what, how big of a step forward is us? yeah, that's a great question. and, you know, we've been doing a fusion with lasers here for quite a while. this particular result was the best that we've ever had. it was a $25.00 best improvement over where we were a year ago. and this was the 1st time we actually really started to burn significant portion of the fusion. feel great, we're gonna bring in a video comment. this is from derek, southern one. he's a c o c t f fusion tech about fusion of the nuclear process in which light elements

like hydrogen are fused together at very high temperatures. and to heavier elements like helium, releasing a lot of energy in the process by eagles m c squared. unlike vision, fusion has 0 risk of meltdowns and no longer radioactive waste. as part of the process. over the past decades, the world i'd find to the community have built time taishan for realizing fusion power plants. and now there's a burgeoning private industry building upon the foundations aiming to commercialize this technology in the 23rd. it's where the presidents are realizing this energy source, after decades of scientific r and d, and we'll deploy this to the world with firm affordable and safe carbon free power . so anarchy, you jump into this because tammy represents the us government's efforts here. and what derrick's talking about, it sounds like the kind of commercial prospects you reckon you represent that side of this conversation. right? that's right. derek said it very well. he's one of the ceo of my member company,

so i couldn't have said it better myself. perfect. so the difference is the new thing that's coming is in the private sector. we are bringing in private dollars for the 1st time into this effort to commercialize fusion power for a long time, 60 plus years. there's been investment by government scientists and important research done into fusion energy and they created a whole new area of physics, plasma science. and we've seen really important breakthroughs and movement towards commercialization. so the 2020s now are the era where we move from the lab and into the marketplace. and we just put out a survey of our members and other private fusion companies around the world looking at how much money is invested and the time scales and, and derricks right. the consensus time scale is that we're going to get the 1st

fusion energy onto the grid in the 20 thirty's or earlier. that's our goal. so that's what we're working towards. and we're bringing in importantly a lot of new private dollars, private venture capital back investment. that is really making a difference in the advances towards fusion energy. just when we put out this survey about 6 weeks ago. and we, we tallied up about $1900000000.00 since then. we've seen $2400000000.00 more come in to our private company. so just the, the acceleration that's happening here will lead to an acceleration of results. and building real experiments that will show that this is possible and that we are on the pathway towards commercial fusion energy. hey tim, can you jump in here and come through to think about what we've heard. the u. s.

government lab perspective in a and a private sector perspective. bring this up like internationally. we have a large international audience. what does it mean for the world? and i'm also curious, tammy was talking about using the lasers to push this fusion. you're looking at different technology with, with super strong magnets. can you walk me through that a little bit? ok, so 2 aspects. let me start with the 2nd one you mentioned. in our case, the we use magnets because the plasma is electrically charge. so the particles are tied to the magnetic field, and if we make a magnetic field, well, they're all this way. they connect to each other, so the particles in principle can't escape and we can make the high temperatures we need for fusion to go. tammy alluded to by saying we have to push them together rather aggressively. we need a 100000000 degrees celsius to make the fusion reactions go. how do you make a temperature that high?

well, you put in energy, but you need installation and there's 2 ways to get that insulation, either a strong magnetic field or a bigger device. so we use superconducting magnets, we use the conventional superconducting technology because that was bailable when the project started. what the industry is looking at or advances on that either to go to higher field or to magnets of the same type that operate at higher temperature, which reduces the need for the rest of the plant. in terms of the international perspective, the, the us, russia, europe, and japan were have been involved in the project for a long time. one of the exciting things that happened at the beginning of the eater organizations formation or is that the china, india, and korea also join. so we have people from around the world. why would they invest they, for in some cases 10 percent of the value of the project,

they get 100 percent of the results. and so they can bring that back then after eater. and it's eaters, mission is to demonstrate the scientific and technical feasibility of fusion as an energy device. they can then go to the next step. so we'll prove scientific feasibility. we'll start on technical feasibility, but there's another frontier which is economic feasibility. and that will take a significant technological development beyond what we can do here at easter. thanks tim. hey, tammy, i want to so a handful of real quick questions that you and these are from our youtube audience watching right now. all right, this one says it seems like the biggest concern with fusion safety would be everyday tritium escape into the environment. does that risk have any comparison to the neighborhood environmental effects of fossil plants going down? here's another one about let's see, this is from

a risk of flynn. how much will fusion cost compared to nuclear? do we have any nuclear waste from future energy like fission energy? do we have raw material readily available? well, let's, let's start with go ahead 10. ok, yeah, i was gonna answer those questions in reverse order. ok. first of all, one of the advantages of fusion is we don't expect there to be any high level nuclear waste. and so you don't have to worry about burying, you know, your remaining main waste somewhere in a mountain or something and letting it decay over time. we don't have to worry about that because like in that figure that just showed the only output that we have is it's helium and then energetic neutrons in terms of tritium. i'll let one of my other colleagues answer that question. but we do expect that fusion would be much, much safer than fish. and even though it is still

a nuclear reaction that we're talking about, but it's, it is, we will have to go work with our nuclear regulatory agencies and make sure that we pass through all the regulations clearly. but we also hope to work with the community and make sure that they feel comfortable and safe to have a fusion reactor in their backyard. great, if you can jump in with him. yeah. on, on the regulatory front with tritium. we are deeply involved with the regulators here in figuring out how fusion power plants are going to be operated safely and appropriately. and what we'd say about that is that a fusion power plant will look largely like existing medical isotope facilities accelerators that exists in downtowns all around the country. but the fees are not going to be, you know, a large set back facility like

a nuclear power plant. where there's, you know, a threat of catastrophic meltdown or anything like that. and then there's also a question about costs. and, you know, we're still probably a decade or so out here. so it's difficult to estimate costs, but there's been a couple of cost estimates put out by r b and others. and the targets are in the range of $4.00 to $0.07 per kilowatt hour, which is roughly the cost of, of natural gas. so we know that the electricity market place in the united states especially, is extremely competitive. we, we have to make sure that we're producing electricity because, you know, while, while we're excited about producing fusion energy, what we're actually selling is just electrons. just like you get out of the wall plug anywhere else in the world. so you got to be competitive. i read somewhere that like a few grams of water through fusion could produce as much energy as a tons of oil. is that correct?

yep, that's. that's the, that's what our p r says, it's a gram actually a gram of fully burned deuterium, trudy, and we'll give you a tons of the equivalent of 8 tons of oil burning time. that sounds good to be true . mike, what's the catch? we got to go do it. that's the catch. okay? sure. how about is in the country in the world or any entity in the world responsible enough to really hold and harness the power of the sun? well, to mean the intrinsic safety is what we've talked about already. the if you look at like a fusion plan, which is what is conventional nuclear power now after it's been refueled, it has a years worth of fuel in it, a fusion device, at least a magnetic fusion device, which has the largest fuel capacity. we'll have one seconds or a few seconds worth of fuel in it. this is why it's intrinsically safe in terms of runaway, we talk about not having meltdown and such. there's just no,

no energy there for it to take to meltdown. so in that part, we're highly competed in because it's thereby design. so going back to the issue of tritium safety, it's an industrial standard. now there is in the united states at least tritium handling to do all sorts of different industrial uses. so it's a well known process to follow track and confine tritium in an industrial type plant safely. there is no additional risk coming from the nuclear fusion part of it. we're just burning the fuel basic course now. but tammy, a number of our viewers are concerned, and here's one on you to j. he is it possible to be weaponized a hi j l? that's a good question. we do produce enormous energy density in our reactions,

however, like him, was alluding to the other very tiny reactions that actually occur utilizing very small amounts of fuel. and so while we can achieve conditions that are incredibly extreme and study those, actually it is not straightforward to actually whether that can i go ahead jump and go. yeah. i would say you know, some time ago at him. so her hands are when they are the, before any of us were born. this was the fear and fusion research was classified and in the 1950s, already it was very clear that it couldn't be easily used to develop any kind of weapons. and in fact, everything is neater agreement has explicitly in it that we are doing all this for peaceful purposes. i think the, the idea that what we're doing in terms of fusion energy technology can be

weaponized. this is not a reasonable. ready concern at this point. very yeah, we've been done wrong by hollywood. both got man and spider man have fusion reactor that it turned into weapons and that's, that's just not the way it works and not the way it could work. of course, you know, fusion is a part of the hydrogen bomb, but that is a completely separate way of doing it and just not something that, that is, is there the, for us, for our commercial companies. we think that this regulatory pathway and the intrinsic safety of fusion, make it uniquely capable of global adoption. you asked where, you know, where, you know who, who is responsible for this globally. you know, the great part is, is that it can be just the private sector. ultimately that, that builds and pushes these all around the world from, you know, places that you'd never think to build a nuclear power plant. you'd never build

a new get a want to build a nuclear power plant in, you know, say iraq or something like that. but there's no reason that you couldn't put a fusion power plant there. it's really important because this, this allows us to break kind of the geo politics of energy, a linkage between who has oil, who has gas and be the geopolitical power that goes along with that instead becomes the, the scale of your technology is be the power of your economy. i want to jump over to tokyo right now where we have another comment, someone in our community. i think he'll tell shatara dakota. he's a co founder chief strategist of kyoto fusion, nearing a foster path for commercialization, for energy as just open up. the jury's in technological innovations and the, the emissions allows more advanced and compact vision pop last to reconstruct it. it was the next 1015 years. so now investors like bill gates and jeff bezos are

starting to say, fusion as a realistic, clean energy alternative. and now get this globally private fusion companies of raised will, over $4000000000.00 us dollars, and 80 percent of these companies believe they can achieve future energy by 2030. so i want to talk about the timeline. he mentioned right at the end of that, and i want to show our audience my computer. there's an article that says that there are no trial shows us why we should be suspicious of nuclear fusion. and it's a nuclear like a text and there deny. but down in here, it's so hard to get out. but the text and then me, but there's a time, there's kind of the time when here it says, took them back, energy says working power plant connected to the grid by 2030 general fusion. says an operating power plant by 2025. how we an injury. energy says will do in 2024 1st light fusion says 2024 zap energy says 2023. 2023 is like 13 months away. 14 months away, andrew, are, are,

these are listed timelines. yes. so let's be clear here that these are timelines for demonstrating the science of fusion in a breakeven way. this is not the timelines for getting a power plant onto the grid other than the one that said 2030. and you know, i think that there is a pathway towards a very accelerated timeframe getting there in the 20 thirty's or the late 20 twenty's. but, you know, i worry about that, i read this article this morning to and, you know, the author really compiles a lot of things that are not really clear. and you know, takes things out of context. and if it doesn't pass muster, to me is as something that is a serious article or something we should worry about. and you know, the fact that there are no comparison is, is problematic for me too, because that was one company that was fraudulent. and our member companies,

there's 26 companies all working hard. and you know, they're probably not going to make it. and they're probably not all going to be the commercial fusion later. but when you've got $26.00 shots on goal, i like those are going to bring in another comment. this is from jane hoskis to the president co founder of energy for the common good at the u. s. non profit that advocates for fusion energy. we celebrate all the global private and public teasing development going on is this is the very exciting moment infusion. and in clean energy, for instance, 2 companies in the west of raise 4000000 in the last 2 months. this equals 10 percent of our total fusion research funding since 1951. it are important milestones, but adoptions of a new energy source requires more than science and engineering. we need stakeholders, stakeholders understand the benefits and risks for this new partner and clean energy. and this kind of development and public education requires its own funding . and i think that's what you were just touching on how hollywood is that is wrong

. what is she talking about with the kind of education that stakeholder's need for this aggregate for everyone to understand this and accept it? right? she's totally right. it's, it's acceptance. it's, you know, believing in the legitimacy of fusion and, you know, getting people to know that this is something that will be safe, sustainable, and achieve, achieve, for all. and so we need allies, we needed to be not just the 3 of us who are fusion ears. i'm not a fusion scientist, but the other other 2 on this panel are we need environmental groups to be coming out and, and supporting us. we need all of these other allies, you know, we've got to work together and, and jane is, is a great leader in this is another affiliate member of ours as well. so hey, tammy, talk, talk me through what's gonna happen next winter. next big experiment. what are the next big burke breakers that we should be looking for? yes, sure am. so what we're trying to do now is repeat our shots and make sure we understand

the variability that we might have in our implosion. and make sure we understand the sensitivities to different engineering features, am or parameters of the laser that we use to shoot the capsule. and then going for the next big breakthrough for us will be if we can demonstrate more energy out that we put in with the laser, that's the definition of ignition. and we do expect that to happen over the next few years. and then after that i, you want to demonstrate even more energy coming out and then working on the technologies and that will make the inertial fusion energy. ready a possibility, and to do that you're using the world's largest laser, is that right? how big of a deal is it for you to even conduct one of these experiments as it's open, you can do, you know, daily or like it takes a while to like, shut this thing up and run it. and arby, it takes a while and we have a team of several 100 people right now. everything from laser physicists to

material scientists to computer scientists. and we also have to run simulations on some of the largest super computers in the world to understand the complex physics . well, the next big breakthrough come from livermore, or should we, the cool shelters is on this or fusion. yeah. like but tim jump in, sorry about from the magnetic side for the so our time, our timeline is 2025 to demonstrate the 1st plasma in our talk mac device. so demonstrate that the construction is done properly and then targeting, we won't use deuterium tritium immediately because we need to practice to make sure everything is right. and that's scheduled for 2035. starting then we'll do experiments that lead to energy multiplication of 10. so 10 times the output power that we put in at $500.00 megawatt town or, or that sounds amazing,

but i gotta wrap it there. and in that a shell. thanks tim. tammy andrew, for coming on and for our audience for being there. next time we'll see you in the future will. as a kenyan, i watched these scenes with a kenyan some money. i fear the backlash ethnic somalis have long been the target of intimidation and persecution in kenya. oh, most every woman was of it. mohammed down travels through his homeland to reveal how his people and family had been subjected to years of brutal discrimination. just typical of the way we are to that in a country we're colo algae, 0 correspondence with ambition, artistry, adventure, short documentary by african filmmakers from been mean can yet. and algeria in the alley minium village throttle queen. this is when we get

a handout and the cane africa direct on al jazeera ah, each and every one of us has to go to responsibilities to change our personal space for the better. oh, we are. we could do this experiment, and if by diversity could increase just a little bit, that wouldn't be worth doing. anybody had any idea that it would become a magnet who is incredibly rare species. they are asking women to get 50 percent representation in the constituent assembly here in getting these people to pick up to collect the signature, to say, the recycle business. extremely important service that they provide to the city. or we need to take america to trying to bring people together and trying to deal

with people who could love beyond ah, a court in hong kong, convex apple daily newspaper found a jimmy lie and 2 others taking part in a band vigil. ah, my money is there a life also coming up? forest johnson titans, england's covet restrictions, just hours off to apologizing for video of his staff. joking about holding a christmas party during last year's knocked down. the impact of climate change in east africa and you report as.