military settings, what allowing types of equipment. we made the biggest decrease out we had in history in smoking rates in the last year on. so we think the smoke free go is within reach our european population as, as see to make that. i reach that goal is that we need to take bold action to make sure all parts of the community get there and because we're not prepared to lay parts of the community behind. ah, let's update you on the headlines. you as president joe biden has had a telephone call with his ukranian counterpart, no show of support over the build up of russian military along its border. moscow as a mass, tens of thousands of troops near ukraine, but denies that it's preparing an invasion. al biden held a similar phone call with the russian president vladimir putin. this was early warning the week and won't have severe economic sanctions in the event of an attack

. but russia is saying that it's ukraine, which is failing to engage in the peace process, accusing its neighbour of moving, heavy artillery towards the front line where government forces a fighting pro russian separatists in the east. but he, by dish give that arm now with the support of nato countries. ukraine is being pumped full of weapons and key if is building up its contingent on the line of contact in don bess. the number of cease fire violations which have happened since it was signed in july 2020 is coming close 290000. that the special monitoring mission to your crane has registered the re deployment of heavy weapons, including high caliber artillery and armored vehicles to the east of the country was now in our other headlines, the world health organization's vaccine advisory panel. it says people with underlying health issues or compromised immune systems should get a booster dose of the corona, virus vaccine. but at the same time, there's concern about how that could affect people who are still not really

vaccinated. more than half of all people in the world of now received at least one dose. but that falls to just over 6 in every 100 people in low income countries. many nations are expanding their roll out of bird shots due to concern over this new on the chrome variant. and then iran talk negotiator says the country is serious about reaching a nuclear agreement with wild powers, but he's not backing down from it. demands another round of talks aimed at salvaging. the 2015 dealers resumed in vienna. officials are trying to bring both iran and the u. s. back into the agreement, which limits nuclear activity in exchange for sanctions relief will bring you more in all those stories a bit later on. but coming up next on al jazeera, it's the stream looking at whether it's time to change how nobel prizes are awarded . i'll see that later on by now. me

ah hi anthony. okay, you're watching the stream. if i say no, well to you, i don't even have to say no well prize. you know exactly what i'm talking about because the places are so famous this week places have been given out for let me see if i can remember them all, literature, economics, medicine, physics, chemistry, and we just how is away before the nobel peace prize ceremony that happens in oslo, norway, so on the string today we're going to be looking at the purpose, the impact, how contemporary are the nobel prizes of a see with your help. and then when these on to go live to all slow city hall in

norway or in one show, looking forward to doing this with you, but we start with goran pe, hudson. our job in the roseville chicago sciences is to awarded the nobel prize to those are made the most important scientific discoveries for the benefit of, you know, major discoveries are by large made in places where you have good scientists, where they have the freedom to do the research they want to do and the funding to do it. and unfortunately, you don't find this combination of circumstances everywhere in the world. now the way to get a better geographic representation of distribution of the nobel prize is for governments to invest in science and education. and to give scientists and everybody freedom that they need and deserve.

i was gone co. hanson took him out some of the challenges when it comes to awarding nobel prize is around the world. who gets them and who misses out? what questions do you have about the process or the nobel prize is, do you have no nations that you would like to make comment section on youtube is right here. be part of today's program as the 2 of our 1st set of death. hello henry. hello de van. nice to see you. i mean, please say hi and introduce yourself to our global audience around the world. tell them your connection to the nobel prizes. hi pammy. thanks for having me. i'm the director of the piece research institute as low pre o for short. we're based in oslo, norway, and weren't in academic institution working for a crating knowledge or crating, the research about the causes and the consequences of armed conflict. and we have no formal connection with the her, no bell institute, or where the prize is, is awarded her or the committee, which is if i remember her committee,

but we're every year in launching a list of candidates that we think are, are good candidates based on the, the knowledge that we know about what the causes under consequences are farmed configured. but thanks, i reckon you're basically, you're an influenza. all right, so the rat. nice to see you please. hello to our stream. audience. tell them who you are. what you do, i'm your connection to the nobel prizes. hi. yeah. so they won't matter. i'm a post doctoral research fellow time systems biology at the you know, in canada and my connection to know about is god. a few years ago, i wrote an article that appeared on slate about the know about prizes in science, and why i think they are. they represent both sexism as well as racism and biases in science and why they, i don't think they represent the women of times. that's that the positive and good today. let's start with the, the purpose of the nobel prizes. henry,

can you help us understand why over a 100 years after the 1st place was given out, with still leaning in to these places, we still lot the laureate. and that's a great question. the, the 1st price in the 1st piece price was given out in 19 o 5, that's 5 years after i held for nobel, died in 1896. of course, it helps to be old when it comes to building a reputation and the price has been around for a 120 years. but at least for the piece price, i think it, you know, it helps see the piece price is not only the most important and most well known price for piece, but it's the most well known and, and regarded high regard and price in any domain. as so it's getting a lot of attention every year. i think the explanation is, is manifold. i think the giving a price for, you know, major achievements within the human rights within peace. either bringing old

enemies to get her or awarding organizations, individuals who've been working for human rights for the cause a piece for a long time is something that is being appreciated broadly. i also think that the, their committee in norway has been good that trying to modernize the price in the sense of trying to look for new domains thematically, but also to make sure that they're seeing contributions all around the world. and i think you're graphically the price is, is much more easily spread out. and especially in the maurice and decades and some of the other nobel prizes one. i see you nodding. it sounded like you want to burn the whole piece twice down. particular, you know, divine. go ahead. right? i don't, i'm not an expert on the piece price, but i would say that, you know, i think the piece probably definitely one of the more graphically about design to, to attend reg pointed out, you know, the science classes are almost the opposite way you have very limited geographical

representation, the prizes usually go to scientists working in richer countries. in the west, you know, usually european and american scientists, when these private. so i think that's a definite difference in those 2 prizes. let me just bring in katie wilkinson. and katy wilkinson has a connection to one of the novo lawyers for this year. but she also points out an issue. henry happened listen and then responded. then i know divine will. can i have a few things to say as well? his katy this year the nobel prize announcements were extra exciting to me personally. because my lab at 10 as a state has collaborated with one of the winners. dr. dan had a nobel prize can only be given to $2.00 to $3.00 scientists at most. however, that's not really how science has done these days. it's not the work of learn geniuses. instead, it's the work of team. the scientists around the world working together. i thought

our dems nobel lecture did a great job of piloting, not only the work of the trainees and his lab, but also the work of his collaborators from around the world. so what i think, what do we need to know about alfred nobel will the constraints what the nobel prize can develop into. so didn't obo, and we know bills will actually instituted 5 prizes, the 60 and the price. and economics is a part of our for no bells will as with medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and piece and offered well, it's even more conservative if you like. when it comes to to who should get to price, it was actually to $1.00 person within each field. that's what it says explicitly in the well. and then the noble committees, both in sweden and norway and norway. so the price that is given out didn't in norway is to piece price, and they've interpreted this a little bit more broadly so that it's right that now that, that up to $3.00 in the be jewels can share a price or individuals combined with organizations. and so this is defined in the

will air, but i think this is, this is a valid criticism, especially for the science prices where we see that, you know, scientific achievements today are usually not the result of individuals but of larger groups. and that can of course, be set all so for the piece price. and that's also sometimes why the price is given to large organizations, 1st of major and long term contributions design has anybody of color one a science price. there are, there have been quite a few scientists from, you know, be sure who won the prize, but no black scientist know, scientists from the african continent has won the prize, which is a really stock emission by the committee on another factor is of course, that very few women scientists have been recognized with nobel prizes, even though they made major discoveries. i'm, as henry was saying, you know, the limitation on 3 people is more strictly. no idea to,

in the case of the science prices because they don't usually go to organizations. even the science price, for example, the price for the physics discovery of competition with in 2017, which was made by an international collaboration called legal actually just went to 3 american scientists. i have to show you how we can show you seen it. so you know about this because you are a no bell price influenced that particular for the piece point to have a look here is, is talk to mr. allen. how sad is this graph at green men per poor women? this goes for the entire history here of the nobel prize is right up until 2020 i. i didn't even need to explain over here. this is patrick henry. how are you able to change this? no one, the influenza. what you say, what you suggest those names you put out that could you just say ok for the next 10

years, i'm only going to suggest women that might help. right? so i, so technically i'm one of those who are allowed to, to nominate. you can't, you either have to be a member of parliament, you have to be a member of government. you have to be a university professor. i'm a director of a piece research institute. so technically i can nominate, but i refrain from doing so precisely because i'm an in plan sir, and trying to to speak about the price without having to monetize. but i, i, i think, you know, seeing the statistics, it's really, you know, startling and it's, it's demonstrating 1st and foremost at this price has been around, are these prices have been a long for lunch around for a long time. and at the, you know, this gender gap was, was just more horrendous in the past. and it is now if you look at the piece price for the past 3 decades, it's still a gender gap for the 35 individuals who received the piece price 24, our men and 11 are women. but if you look at the past decade from 2011, 6 or women 5 are men. so it's starting to look better. i think we, you know,

i wouldn't tag with advocate that no man could, can be up to piece price. but from that one for next decades, but i do think that this is something that the committee is seriously considering and also the to go geographical distribution. if you look at the 35 individuals over the past 3 decades, and only 9 of them are european or north american 15 are from the asian continent, 9 or african to our latin american. so this is starting to look much better in terms of the both the geographic distribution for the piece price or i divide. i just want one last thing to ask you if you had received a nobel prize, would you feel differently about that? well, i hope that if i get that call from sweden, you know, at midnight i would be able to say that, you know, i don't accept the prize because it doesn't time for the time that i have time for you. and i wish more scientists would do that as well. i'm right,

it's so good to have had you in this discussion and, and thank you da vang as well for pointing out the purpose, the impact of the nobel prize. and also perhaps some of the challenges as well as we go next to oslo city hall in norway to meet 2 of my colleagues who are preparing for the nobel peace prize ceremony and a very distinct interview that they will be doing. hello, james. hello falling, so nice to see welcome. i'm going to put something t festival because i want you to join. i very high, high, very well. thank you. i'm. i'm going to put something to you. i want you to listen to this comment here. and it comes from the all slow new university college. and pixar pon some of the challenges that the nobel peace prize has in terms of the nominations. who receives it? have a listen, have a look. the nobel peace prize given to i'll be off,

men has become a huge embarrassment for the novel committee. never before as wall nor their laureates actively started a war and even commanded the war from the front line. as we have seen, i'll be offered has been doing over the last few weeks, the normal committee cannot revoke your price once it has been offered. but the committee could have done more to cast that light on the atrocity war. fair enough, your peer commanded by wallow, they laurie it's i see fully and james, both making notes about this. i am wondering because of so many entities you have done with nobel peace prize laureate what the take is from the nobel committee. are they embracing the controversy, cuz that keeps the prize relevant, or are they embarrassed sometimes when some of these very famous nobel laureates

and the for short of the aspirational? no, well piecewise that they were given i think this was the most embarrassing one, so badly nonsense and g. yes, yes. a good that you were talking about abbey ahmed, the prime minister, ethiopia. and it's interesting to note that al jazeera comes here most years. we've got a partnership with the nobel committee to come and do an interview with the laureate that we didn't do one with abby. i mean, i wouldn't do it. he wouldn't do an interview. he didn't, he was here for the ceremony. yeah, he gave his lecture to that, you know, no, no bell audience here, but wouldn't speak to the price at the time, declined the interview, which was quite interesting because it was the 1st time actually that a lori had been in ours. no. in a long time anyway, and declined to speak to the price, it wasn't just al jazeera, he just simply didn't talk to any media that was here in also. so that was quite interesting. controversial, of course, i'd be made, but also myanmar on time to achieve recall praise. at the time when she was awarded

the nobel peace prize because she had been in detention, of course, but then later on when she came to power and was silenced on the flight of the rowena in myanmar, there was a lot of criticism. also brock obama in 2009. he had no, she done anything. yeah. literally just as he become president, he got the nobel peace prize. yeah. for not being george w bush drastically. so yeah, i mean, and i think some of the times it's when the no boat committee takes a bit of a pump, because i think got nobel prizes where they are recognizing, noticing a particular thing journalism. this time to the problems facing journalism, we had nuclear weapons when i can gotten the prize. they are not currently showing that horace. those exactly. and i think that's what they were trying to do with i be army the room, turn encourage that deal with i retire to make it a while you to peace deal with ethiopia and it's fallen flat. a peacemaker is now the war. the tell us they don't tell us much about how they choose these nor aids. and afterwards, when the controversies arise, they don't really react to them,

do they? and so i guess it in a ways it feeds into, to know the whole nobel and you know, the secrecy behind it and the prestige of the nobel, the controversies exist, but does it take away, ah, the prestige of the price as i am not very old yeah, it is a very, very old thing, the nobel deed in his will. the other crises are all in sweden. the peace prize is set for, for some reason he didn't trust the swedes with a piece price, even though he was swedish. i mean, he was about a manufactured dynamo. that's how he made his money, but he wanted to create a peace prize, even though he's a man, it made weapons of war. and he decided this one should be in no way when the, all the prizes ruled in sweden, yet so, so fully and terms. let's talk about these 2 piece supplies laureates that you are going to be talking to in a few hours time. maria reza, and to me, treat more a tough. i'm going to start at a moment in october. i love these mo, as i love it, when the laureates find out that they've won the nobel prize because they kind of

lose it. so this is maria resar in october, finding out when she was on that show panel that she had one. let's take a look and then fully and james, you pick up immediately and tell us more about why maria ressa is different, unusual special, and about these 2 particular laureates. let's take a look at maria and missus for all of us. oh, my god. you know, don't why i am in shock, but i actually see what i mean. i am. sorry, i'm, i think it's a recognition of how tough it is. see, i don't cry. this is, oh, wait, wait 2 seconds. so this is a recognition of how hard it is to be a journalist today, how hard it is to keep doing what we do right. so then thank you to the nobel prize committee. i share it the russian journalist and it's

a recognition of the difficulties but also hopefully i'm how we're going to of how we're going to win about ultra truth. the battle of fox, we go all i oh, mel is amazing. but in the recognition of how hard it is to speak, overcome by emotion. exactly. and you know what i kind of wasn't surprised by maria races when i mean she was name time person of the year a couple of years ago. she's been out there promoting freedom of speech, freedom of expression in the philippines. she's known worldwide. i knew somehow this year that the nobel would go to journalism. a journalistic entity like an ice f report without borders or a journalist because of the state in which press freedom is around the world today bought one of the other possible candidates was russia's alexey navarro me? yes,

because he got poisoned and then he got thrown in prison and he is the most notable opponent to vladimir putin that we've seen for a long time. and that may explain why a russia lenary very distinguished russian. german was also to awarded crime for foot for the prize, but maria theresa is someone just truly exceptional. i think for journal, she's come a long way. i mean, she started off working at cnn, of course, as cnn's bureau chief in manila, and then went on to create her new website wrapper. and she's been a thorn on the side of philippines present today. go to take a for a long time. i mean, i, she's had so many cases again, so there's even a libel case against her that was filed as she was frying here 2 hours. no, just a few days ago. even getting 2 hours no, was so difficult for her. for the last today, she didn't know whether she was going to make it. i actually was on the same flight with her. and she had been to new york, but she had to fly back to the philippines to get a new authorization to fly, to also to pick up our peace prize. in the, in the courts granted her the permission. but for the longest time,

she wasn't sure that she was going to make it because she's been under some inclusion permission for bail. yes, said she's not all. she's not drop child, you know, anything. this is a nobel laureate who could well, not for any good reasons. many just reasons could end up stood in prison, i think entered a dmitri also terribly brave man running his newspaper set up at the time of the, of the cold war. the end of the cold war and i left the union. he has lost 66 colleagues killed, murdered. yeah. and they never bought any of the people. jones, at one of the letter bought a few henchmen about the jails, optimize one of them. james. i was following up on the top sky. i'm just going to bring in dmitri mar, 12 in at this moment cause he talked about how many colleagues he last moments after he found out that he had won the nobel peace prize. he held a press conference and the 1st thing on his lips was we'll have a listen because it's remarkable. and then i'm gonna hand back to you to at the also city hall. tell us more about dimitry. here is here the premier or you. but of

course, mean your sugar chicken, eager to dominic or nasty bob auto. it starts a marquee a lower natasha demurely. watcher. or perhaps, or perhaps your mom got daughter, a girl is uppercase. you saw your season? yeah, my pleasure. she benefits are at the premium. while you heard dmitri there, dedicating the award to his 6 colleagues from the via gazette who killed, including unhappily taska. he is not as the public of a figure as maria theresa his kind of been behind the scenes. but he is run this newspaper nor via gazette since 1993, but he does white. that's one collective 8 that collectively entered. he is the editor. and at one point after anabolic task iodide, he actually quit as editor. wanted to go away because it, i guess it was too much pressure on him, but they forced him,

his colleagues tossed him to come back and take the reins of the paper again. so he's a really brave man, extremely brave. and i think, you know, the, when you look at it to day, and if i gazette is one of the last independent newspapers in russia, which isn't labeled for an agent. right. there's something interesting going on in russia media. because putin, who's been in power for 22 years now, managed to work things that one of the big tv stations was called mtv one. the 1st things he did was make sure that was taken over by gum company gas progress. and slowly television was controlled by the government, the mac conference message dominic to deborah good. but the new thing, of course, is the internet and social media and not as magnifying the work of journalist. and that i think is how navarro me, for example, is getting his message across and getting the russian government so worried that exact app to poison him. and now he's in a, in a prison and social media in

a way. i mean, when you look at putins ratings, now they've gone down compared to a few years ago because of social media because of the influence of social media in russia, especially among young people. so on the one hand, he uses it sometimes, you know, to, to disseminate russia's propaganda in russia and abroad. actually has use social media in elections to, to interfere in elections in the u. s. and the brakes had in the brick set tab or vote in the u. k as well, but it's somewhat backfired at home. and is another aspect to this, which is people have said to me and believe so don't believe it. but in the past, when putin's had demonstrations, when he's had trouble at home, he starts to look further afield. i start to look for something different at this somebody to change the subject. well, we have a $120000.00 troops massing on the border of ukraine, right? now over, he may have reasons there to invade, but it might be relevant. so all these questions we're going to put to our 2 nobel laureates. tomorrow when we interview them here for the nobel interview. now,

jesse are a special live from arsenault and family. i want to invite your view as you audience to, you know, join us in the conversation and finally paid us where on facebook as well streaming alive on facebook and youtube. ha ha, jamie alberto, now you just knew there were no stopping them once they get started. all right, it on on you tube here. this is liz rainy. maria. restless. seems like a great choice. her work in the philippines has been amazing. thank you for those new chief comments and just in case you missed what fully and james was saying about that special news program and out there english a little bit later is the trainer for the 1st time since the lead up to the 2nd world war, the nobel peace prize is being awarded to gen, maria, reza, and to meet she moderates off a, receiving the 2021 prize about courageous contribution to freedom of expression in the philippines. and in russia, in an exclusive interview live here in oslo. we'll be speaking to this year's lawyers about the challenges in dangers they faced doing their job. and if

significance in protecting democracy, the nobel entity only on al jazeera, ah for the 1st time since the lead up to the 2nd world war, the know about these fries is being awarded to gender, maria reza, and to meet shimoda tougher receiving the 2021 prize that courageous contribution to freedom of expression in the philippines and in russia, in an exclusive interview live here in oslo will be speaking to this year's lawyers about the challenges endangers they face doing their job. and if significant st. protecting democracy, the nobel entity only on al jazeera. if america held up a mirror to itself, what would it see in a sense,

race is the story of america what's working and what's not, what people are only talking about that it wasn't at the top of the agenda. if america can't handle multiple challenges on multiple fronts, we need to go back to school. the bottom line on al jazeera, the health of humanity is at stake. a global pandemic requires a global response. w h o is the guardian of global health delivering life saving tools, supplies, and training to help the world's most vulnerable people, uniting across borders to speed up the development of tests, treatments, and of vaccine keeping you up to date with what's happening on the ground. in the world and in the lab. now more than ever, the world needs w h l, making a healthier world for you. for everyone. ah,

hello, i'm mariam timothy and london, our main story this our us president joe biden has been holding a telephone call with his ukrainian counterpart loading these lensky show supports of the build up of russian military along its border. moscow mass, tens of thousands of troops, new ukraine, but denies is preparing any sort of invasion by it and held a similar call with the russian president vladimir putin earlier in the week and was.