source and modern day birds take us attendant. this is such a posture is similar to that of modern bird embryos before hatching ourselves. we believe the talking postures that one burges to help them with successful hatching has actually evolved from donald from millions of years ago on this little life was named baby young man and is believed to have been buried after a mudslide, which prevented it from being disturbed by scavengers, the specimen was one of several egg fossils that were found in china, but forgotten in storage for decades. until now, did you now be with the paid hair? should you should the embryo fossil baby, young li, young was discovered in the southern part of aisd, china's jung see province. you are. the embryo we previously found was not very complete. was the embryo we found this tom is the best preserve, dinosaur embryo fossil so far, it would have grown to be 2 to 3 meters long. and if it had lived to be an adult, it would have likely fet on plants. now, people from all over the world can feast their eyes on it. leah harding al jazeera

. ah, let's check the headlines for you on al jazeera us health regulators have approved fire as pill to treat coven 19. studies show it reduces severe symptoms by nearly 90 percent off to the approval of a smooth pill from merck in the u. k. israel's prime minister is welcome to plan. meanwhile, to offer a full faxing dose to people older than 60 the world health organizations. warning though, vaccine inequality will any prolong pandemic. for example, nigerian authorities have been forced to destroy a 1000000 expired coven. 19 vaccines, which were already close to expiring when they were delivered. the global priority to might be to support all countries to reach the 40 percent target as quickly as possible and the 70 percent target. by the middle of this, you no country can boost its way out of the pandemic.

and boosters cannot be seen as a ticket to go ahead with the planned celebrations without the need for other precautions. the un security council agreed to a resolution to provide humanitarian aid in afghanistan. it said the support would not be in violation of sanctions against the taliban, which now governs the country afghanistan's facing food shortages that may trigger another refugee exodus and rescue teams in me and mar, searching for at least 70 people missing after a landslide at a j do it was swept into a lake here in northern catching states authorities say at least one person has died up to date there. with the headlines on al jazeera, the latest inside story is next. ah,

russia will respond appropriately to any western aggression. thus, the warning from president vladimir putin as tensions wise over ukraine. he won security guarantees from the west as he masses, his troops on the border. but will he get them? does diplomacy stand a chance this is inside story? ah ah. hello, welcome to the program. i'm hashem, abala. the 4th lines between russia and the west regarding ukraine are getting deeper at both sides are refusing to back down. on tuesday rush as president

vladimir putin ward of an appropriate response. unless europe and the last drop, the aggressive fostering the kremlin, rejects accusations, it plans to invade the ukraine capitol yet as early as next month, it wants ne, to, and the united states to reduce that presence in eastern europe. but europe says puddings demands are impossible to keep while washington is preparing to negotiate over his security concerns. would you put those in, in the event of the continuation of the obviously aggressive stance by our western colleagues? we will take appropriate retaliatory, military technical measures reacting firmly to unfriendly actions. and i would like to emphasize, we have the right to do so. we have every right to act to ensure a rush of security and sovereignty. we have to see if in the 1st instance, there's any progress to diplomatically. we also want to see russia deescalate,

to move forces back from the border with, with ukraine to take down the tension. ah, it's so much more appropriate to have a conversation or no circumstances than it is when an escalation is happening. obviously, one of the conditions lead to ours. my russia is to now that allow ukraine into nato, but ukraine's leader will a de mer zalinski says there's a clear time frame for that. my browser, no more. yet more, we are striving to unblock the peaceful settlement process and on bass line as quickly as possible to get crimea back to achieve you membership in the next for years. and to get a very clear time horizon from nato. very concrete and we wanted in 2022 ah, littering in our gas in moscow, a pavel fell going, how're military analysts and carmen is foreign. a via gazette in berlin. fast them banner, co founder and director of the global public policy institute, washington

d. c, a. david, the roche professor at national defense university and former nato operations director or the joint chief of staff. welcome to the program. pavel, can we some of this whole crisis now as for laws for moscow to deescalate all the border with ukraine? ne, to has to roll back from eastern europe more? i would say it's a bigger than just ukraine, right. ukraine? maybe it has been the focus point of the rush or western stand with now it's kind of more and rush is talking about not just about your brain, but about the entire the of the russian border. you cri, you border between russian, nato and russia wants to have a secure situation where there are no threatening western mo, trees, or weapons or anything and appearing there. and those that are there should be

withdrawn. and russia have a right to have a kind of veto on nato expansion or natal deployment even in countries that are already became need to members after and 97. so it's more than you create. but you're great and of course is the focus point that the sure thing fosten you would expect also statements and narratives when it comes to conflicts such as the one we're dealing with. but when you, russian defense minister survey shows says that u. s. private admitted to companies are plotting provocation using unknown chemical component. how do you see that statement under the background? well, i guess the background of the conflict on this is just cynical propaganda to give a pretext for foreign invasion. this is by far the most dangerous situation, militarily we've seen in europe over the past 3 decades. i. i agree

with demetrius parents, the founder of silverado accelerator that are all signs point to put in actually preparing to launch an invasion with a technical and game offs establishing a puppet state in houston, ukraine, and creating a language shirt to crimea. but the more c t, g, and game and the russian colleague alluded to that to establish some sort of put in doctrine that no country of the former soviet union ever has. the idea of trying to join nato without fearing invade invasion. and that seems to be the name of the game from the, from the crammed and side david, one of the arguments advanced by president putin, is basically, it's about time for nature to stop those activities. deploying troops at the doorstep of russia. is it exactly the way he portrays the the situation or do you

think that one of the biggest concerns of russia is nature deploying tactical advance weapons, particularly besides into those areas widely seen by russia as a massive thought to its national security? well, you know, you've got start with the priest that, you know, couldn't spoons operate from the precept that countries that were part. and so you know, or did, the warsaw pact are not fully sovereign. and that russia, the soviet union, you know, has to do it. but i think really what you're seeing here is him chickens. the keys look um, you know, inflation in russia is 18 percent. 40 percent of russians have no savings at all on the north street to pipeline will not be approved under the best scenario until the summer. and basically they're looking at a long, cold, miserable winter with a lot of poor people. and i think he's basically just trying to change the narrative, you know, move to a war time economy, hopefully without war just to, to minimize this vulnerability. the rest of this is all smokescreen. pavel is

watched as biggest concern native deployment in the eastern part of europe. what is it rush says obsession with this fear constant fee that ukraine and other countries on likely to further drift away from russia's fit of influence? whoa, russia believes that ukraine as well as there were rows, are part of the old greatest star, russia. and that they should not join western alliances because in the n, n a, the ship re unite with russia proper to a greater russia put, wrote about that. the simplest published this summer, and i know that not only put in but many in the russian ruling a we believe that this so, but there are also some kind of some very concrete security concerns. and by put in personally because it's an old idea from the,

from the time of the you're a crisis of the eighty's or an american pershing to massage were deployed. and land based cruise massage were deployed in europe. that the west of the united states are planning, decapitating 1st book to destroy the russian political, military leadership. and so that the russian military camp or the organ were organized for a reply attack. and that's what he was talking about of these minutes of how quickly the missiles can reach mars, who it means he's talking about himself that he may be taught. he's the main target . and that's what the russian general staff is telling the kremlin that put in is the main target. the americans want to kill him. and he know, and he believes that this so, and that's why he's reaction is very emotional. it's not just the smokescreen, he's really afraid that he's going to be targeted and killed in

a sudden american attack thought. so the, another argument at best buy was, it's basically that the expansion of nato eastward is almost irrelevant because the political world or the now is completely different than before, the end of the cold war. i don't know, i don't understand that that argument that the expansion is not irrelevant at all. if anything is more pressing concern for the crime than, than ever as well as which just hurts those countries who had the lack of joining nato and enjoy article 5 guarantees. they can feel that they're protected by. 4 nato alliance, the problem and, and the main target is these in between states that are not part of, of nato or any western institution. now that russia and,

or that president putin consider as part of the russian sphere of influence and where he and i don't think it's a small community security concern in the kremlin, the very real, the, whatever the, from the proceeds to be a security threat is a security threat, you don't need to be hyper constructive as the to, to see that. and they, they, at the very least if not for the, you know, if not realizing these pen russian empire dreams, at least they want to buffer states. that they, that they defacto control because the kremlin is indeed the afraid for security and also regime survival. imagine its bellows, ukraine, georgia, all these, all these countries turn to into some sort of democracy that, that would also. busy also be threatening from the vantage point of a corrupt regime in the kremlin. david, you served as dates is operations,

director of the john, chief of stuff. and you know, the russians have been thing a lease as well as putting is concerned. there's always this post. soviet mindset, which is 1997 we were told let's in the, in the early ninety's, the russians were told to join the partnership for p pass and then they were told the troops would be remain stationed as their 1997. but that was suddenly collapse and the nature started to move forward and reaching out to different countries. this is a massive, massive security threat for the rush as wish they don't want to see a replicated anytime. so, and this explain that 0 tolerance as far as ukraine is concerned. yeah, this is all hogwash, look, the regime threat that is concerned about is a color revolution. and the reason why it's done that is because he hasn't delivered. ready anything for his people, nato expansion happens. you know, the,

the local assurances were made during the time of gorbachev. you know, to the soviet union, where she suggests this the, the arrangement changed. and when nato expanded, it didn't expand with focus on russia. you know, a post troops weren't arms to go to the polish border by the way, because i guess the united states went through every single tank from europe in 2014. and they remained withdrew. and joe couldn't evaded the crime except what we've got here is there's not a legitimate natal threat. there weren't even war plans to defend the baltic republics, roper year after their accession over a decade after their session. this is hogwash. what you have here is a guy who has a marble domestic position because he's delivered nothing 1st people, other than this idea of return to the great wars of the soviet union. you know, a few weeks ago or a few days ago. so the russian hockey teen played in the old soviet union jerseys and finland they last. so i guess you took him back to 940, but you know,

all the stuff that he says is just hogwash. traditionally what a country joyce nato, their defense spending actually decreases. ready they actually spend less money on that, and i can tell you that, you know, i've never seen any contemplation offensive action only, you know, updating plans from the cold war. and the finally, we've got bear in mind, russia occupies the big part of crimea, are a big part ukraine. they've completely antics the crimea. this is not as if there's just something coming from the west. there's a 7 year war going on that was directed and bankrupt by russia and the fact that it's been unable to deal with a corrupt any in country and 7 years that undermines as it is images a strong man too. so now, okay, her time for him, detroit rattle some cages. papa, why do you think the russia leadership putting in particular is insisting on the

security guarantees to be met before any death? the escalation on the border with ukraine. it's a bigger picture than just the ukraine for russia about ukraine. russian right now is very adamant. no, there'll be no need go. accession fission to the european union and brush will do what it takes, no matter what to prevent that. but the picture of this is big, your rush is demanding. security guarantees the entire, the, the eastern franco from may go, and russia is demanding that right now very adamant week. why right now the situation has come to the forefront. well, there's a, that's a very complicated report would be very complicated than long, or basically the russian military had plans and inactive more than 10 years ago to

build up the russian military or a possibility of the big war europe in the 20s. so now, according to brand, russia is more or less ready, though, the kind of date of war was about $2425.00. but anyway, right now we're ready and that's what you know, he's general said yesterday this big beating in moscow. that right now we're number one, we have hyper speed mess, south america does not. so right now, russia has an advantage in muslim, we should use that military advantage to get political concessions. ok, foster how to explain the fact that the russians till what at least the, the top priority for them now is a ban on ukraine entering the nato. and we know that from 2014 nature has never shown any genuine appetite to have an ukraine or bought mean look what, what they've said,

i think from the credit message point is exactly confirmation of their concerns and fears. i agree with the, with the on russia violating international law and commitments under the budapest memorandum to retrain. that's all crystal clear. but to say that all these guarantees about the not expanding, they know they were given to the soviet union and all that's been union cease to exist. so they were no longer valid. that was totally fine to expand nato because it wasn't that all directed the ad, russia from the crime inspectors point. that's exactly prove of the depletion, hypocritical nature of. busy the us and it's, it's nato allies, and they're very concerned about expanding nato, but they're even concerned about ukraine. mean, i think one thing in the kremlin has learned over the years, the, a ukraine that is not part of natal,

but still is able to purchase advance to weapons from a partner these drones they purchase from, from russia. it may be even more unpredictable, and they simply don't trust the president lensky on, on the, on eastern ukraine. they think he's out there to retake the territory. they want to preempt that i'm not at all justified as i'm, but i think we do in the west need to understand the rationale of the kremlin for doing this. and i think it goes beyond just the diverting from the very dire economic and social economic situation. at home, this is not just a diversion tactic. i think this, this is going after some very real goals for the chromos david, the though the whole narrative is widely seen as a saber rattling just for the sake of political compromise any,

any time. so now from an american and european perspective, what do you, how do you see the compromise if it ever happens? yeah, it's really tough. i mean, look, natal operates by consensus. so i cannot imagine is the situation in which was when he left. yes, sonia and poland all agree that there should be no deployments in their territory. that's not going to happen. the intermediate nuclear range forces rushes movement of screwdriver missiles into europe. there probably will be some sort of a reaction to that. there's a possibility for a compromise there, but it won't be a compromise that allows russia to keep its intermediate nuclear missiles in place . the, the fact is the us stop producing those missile 30 years ago. so we take us a long time to match that other things that brushes down the test of the anti satellite muscle. ready weapon the hypersonic missiles. ready as i mentioned earlier, those are all technological things and eventually, you know,

once the capabilities match, presently they can be negotiated away. but the, the bigger issue i think comes value crane. and i think really what might be the framework for a settlement is certainly not a publicly released thing that we saw. but there might be some sort of agreement for routinized ation of relations with areas of ukraine that are occupied. and finally, i don't, you know, the alliance can't give any indication that one span later on. but i can assure you, you know, we never thought ukraine to be ready for nato membership. i mean i, i don't think i'll live long enough to see it meeting the criteria for that, but what it's doing is forcing countries that are non, why, like finland and sweden into cooperation with nato. so you're kind of seeing a self fulfilling prophecy here. you know, paranoia really is, it's more powerful. so this whole thing about the need for nato to stop

expanding eastward is widely seen by people just as a, an anxiety from the russians about the wind of change. the, the moment is continuous blowing eastward is gonna arrive on the shores of russia, and this is exactly the existential threat for put in. he does not want to see genuine winds of change and democracy in the area. no, of course they're the are the grandma. now is that russian does have a democracy while the west democracies are not fully democracies or have many deficiencies. but that of course just simply prop again stuff and that's not really the major issue. the major issue is rather geo political. also, we're actually demographic because it's not only butch, and it's a large portion of the russian ruling a week. ministers and stop russian diplomats tend to me even 20 years

ago. don't worry, the russian population is contracting, but we're going to add up the half of ukraine. all of our rooms, half of a lot of people say $30000000.00 people will join russia and every, at least and their thing is going to be just fine. don't worry, so that's the, very much in the minds of the russian. not only the grandma, but the entirety of the russian a week, or a big portion of it that night or west encroachments are going to ruin the idea. gathering all the russian speakers in one nation, one kind of empire and. and so that should be opposed with all possibilities of go means because that's the future of russia, that the west ones that take away fast and does it also raise the question about the need for nature itself to reinvent itself because the world is change and the

need to have to understand ultimately that with russia there's absolutely no way you can just go ahead to was a confrontation because it's not going to benefit anyone. i think you're right this . busy this doesn't, you know, it's a very tragic situation, most of all for ukrainians and with no good outcomes inside. but i think very immediately we need to think, how can we prevent this invasion invasions from happening? and 2 things need to happen on the one hand to the us. and if the company wants to european partners, they need to engage in negotiations with russia. and 2nd of all, it needs to be there needs to be a very credible deterrence in place on, on the part of the u. s. and the european partners that moscow will. busy indeed, pay a high price to move toward to invading embedding ukraine.

it needs to be clear. this will not, not, not be just an easy invasion for the, for the criminal they'll, they'll pay a high economic price for this. of course, it's in the, in the situation with the sky high energy prices. this is not an easy situation for, for europe, but we do need to look at everything on, on, on the table in terms of deter, david, you talk about the nato as if it were a united stan. so united voice, but in a way or another many europeans, i think you cannot, we cannot indefinitely rely on the america because we've seen former administration doing business with the russians in a different way. is this something that putting can use to his own political advantage for more leverage? yeah, i think he's trying to drive which look good as achieving a lot of the he already has in place a lot of the situations of united states fear during the reagan administration period of the cold war. and that is that he has a natural gas pipeline directly to europe,

which the administration fought tooth and nail. so he has western europe that's economically dependent on russia. and he also has intermediate nuclear weapons present in europe with the screwdriver, missiles that you know, can move back and forth. so these were, these were considered nightmare scenarios in the ninety's. and the threat was that they would cleave europe in the united states and allow food to defeat europe in detail, which is, you know, kind of what he's doing. so the problem is, you know, the military capacity, you know, nato cannot muster 100 battalions to match the 100, the times that boots mass on ukraine. so i don't think the west is looking at carrying this military. and as i said earlier, you know, we're going to reconstitute something like pershing, that's going to take 15 years. you know, we shut down those assembly lines. so there's a really imbalance. you're on the military side in the paper, russia, and i think that leads the west to look towards the political and economic

solutions. thanks. are already inclined to unfortunately we're running out of time and let's hope that diplomacy will finally prevail. pavel 2nd, holla, austin bennett. and david ross, i really appreciate you and i thank you and thank you for watching. you can see the program again any time by visiting our website as a dot com for further discussion. because our facebook page that's facebook dot com forward slash hey james. i saw you can also join the conversation on twitter again, 540 from the house and the entire team here in the home life with ah and

i, the city of cobble has experience so much upheaval for decades. and they says another change to get used to, and one that's boss from easy about a situation. and now it's not clear about all the people are just lost and confused . there are deep rooted fears about the erosion of basic rights in particular for women and girls, despite assurances from the taliban and about to return to cruel punishments, facility crimes, everybody will be safe. nobody's kid will be kidnapped again for rats. now together that feeling thy way forward into then you reality or i've always been fascinated by space. but the story, the space race isn't just about the men who wish their lives to travel and see i know. but the ones who held those lives in their hands. your grandfather and his colleagues worked on the space suits they designing space suits of 11 was his

triumph or man, and the policy design space to where he's legacy. putting man on the moon on al jazeera, with i 100 hours g m t here on al jazeera and come all santa maria with your headlines and u. s. health. regulate as of approved. the country's 1st anti viral pill to treat coven 19 studies showed phases. packs of a tablet reduces severe symptoms by nearly 90 percent. many a hoping antiviral. drugs could ease pressure on hospitals. as cases rise. the u. k . actually approved a pill by merc last month. but his journal reports some are questioning its efficacy they've been many proclaimed game changes in the medical fight back.