when i went in testing 81 out there in january, when i just eat 20 years ago, the euro was brought into circulation. we investigate a year ago and benefited from having an official currency be part of the street and going out social media community as sierra leone to recovery from civil war continues. we might see decade since the end of one of africa's most political complex, the bottom line. steve clemens dives headlong into the u. s. issues that shape the rest of the world. as we enter the 3rd year, having 19, we go back to where it all began and investigate how far we come. since the pandemic january on a, just the route. oh,

a story coming else. is there a news our the british monarch has delivered her christian a message with a tribute to her late husband. queen elizabeth said, christmas can be hard for those who have lost loved ones and said this year, especially. she understood why. the largest telescope ever sentence is faced with customer launched from south america find to so the james web telescope will help human veterans found stars and galaxies that are over 13000000000 years old. your gaps has been fired on professors in the capsule. cartoon. thousands are back on the streets to rally against the military take over. at least one person has been injured. internet services have been cut. at least 13 people have drowned after a boat carrying migrants capsize in a g and c. it's the 3rd such disaster in greek waters and as many days bringing

into combined dust all to 27 smugglers are increasingly using a dangerous route from turkey to italy to enter europe. there are avoiding patrols around the a, g, and islands. petro molnar is associate director of refugee law law at york university. she says, tragedies like these will become more frequent as immigration policy is harden. mean, these horrible tragedies really are a symptom of some of the increasingly hard line, border enforcement policies that we've been tracking and seeing all around europe and indeed the world. and unfortunately with increasing border enforcement and the way that you know, different context across the world are developing, people are sometimes forced to take more dangerous route. we're really talking about open water. and oftentimes people resort to having to take a small boat that is often overloaded with people, and these votes are not really made to carry large groups of people,

for example. and also, you know, just the basic kind of navigation that is sometimes very difficult is very hard for people who are desperately seeking safety. really important for us to remember that, you know, this kind of sharp border enforcement that we have all around europe in the book called it for to europe. it will not stop people from seeking safety. instead, it'll compel people to take more dangerous routes to try and circumvent being captured by border forces. and at the end of the day, it's really more about thinking about the humanity of it all. we're talking about human beings that are losing their lives at sea. and instead, it's incumbent upon all of us to think about how we address the root cause that for people to migrate. in the 1st place, greece was about to restore a grand entrance to the acropolis and athens without causing controversy. among some archeologists who say the project goes beyond its intended aim of restoration, it follows an outcry earlier in the year when a concrete pathway leading up to the acropolis was laid down. john's ruffling

reports from athens to enter the acropolis in athens, visitors zigzag up this ramp built in the 1950s greece, as it's now going to give them the experience athenians enjoyed 25 centuries ago when they came to worship their patron goddess athena, a grand staircase 25 meters wide envisioned as part of the gateway to the acropolis and reimagined by artists. for centuries, the peloponnesian war between athens and sputter interrupted its completion. but the man in charge of restoration on the acropolis as rebuilding, it would be a celebration of the democracy that conceived it with the establishment of democracy. the number of citizens was 10000 and all of them had to participate to the festival that it was a duty for thee. and since citizens, they participation and tear. therefore they had seriously and substantially

to widen, to increase they weight of the ramp. and finally, to create the staircase once dictated the width of the staircase, was the width of the entrance to the acropolis behind me. built 25 centuries ago. it was designed to allow at least $10000.00 athenians and dozens of sacrificial oxen on to the open space around the temple of athena, where a great sacrifice would take place each year. chorus intends to open up this gate house so that all 5 of its doorways can be used. but some archaeologists say rebuilding the staircase crosses a line from restoration to reconstruction or, you know, getting from after them. i don't say that we should necessarily preserve the zigzag ramp, but this is not a decision of one person. there needs to be a wider discussion. it's a huge intervention. even if we had all the original materials, we don't have the right to do it on such a scale, then in and get us get plenty of new marble has been inserted into the buildings of

the acropolis as part of a 40 year restoration project, including in the gate house who's restoration, tallulah oversaw. it's a compromise between 2 schools of thought. conservationists believe in preserving the historical record interventionists would rebuild the temple of athena to its classical glory. and it is that high classical period that tourists come to mark and celebrate to day. so it would appear that goddess is merely giving the greeks and the world's visitors what they want. but critics say his view favors some parts of the archaeological record over others. jumps are hopeless. al jazeera athens, saturday march 30 years since the fall of the soviet union. mikhail gorbachev resigned as soviet president on this day in 1991 marking the end of the nearly 70 years of the ussr. that was after failing to contain the fall out of an attempted crew months earlier,

and independence movements amongst soviet republics. let's take a look at the events that led to the end of world power. so it all began with the 1917 russian revolution. workers and soldiers overthrew the romanov empire and established communist rule. the new government was led by vladimir lennon until his death in 1924. joseph stalin took over for almost 3 decades that contributed to its status as a world power. but by the time mikhail gorbachev became communist party leader in 1985, the economy was weak. it led to industrial strikes and military tanks, taking over red square to challenge his rule. a crew was attempted, but president boris yeltsin lead a successful campaign against it's $991.00. gorbachev resigned and the red flag was lowered over the kremlin as a russian flag was raised. samuel romani is a tutor and specialist on russian foreign policy at university of oxford. he says gorbachev's reforms were the most far reaching and many have been reversed. since

putin overshoot legacy initially all to the jet transition towards an attempted democracy, the transition doors of free market privatization, the easing of cold war tensions was followed by an improvement of us russia relations intermittently over the next 15 years. but now under vladimir hooton's leadership, we've seen the exact reverse luciana, torturing consolidation. we've seen di stayed on companies taking over private enterprises. and even more importantly, you seen a return to systemic confrontation between russia and the last that was arguably sharper than it wasn't ranking. it is the former soviet republics when a multiple different trajectory sound like the baltic states is sonia lothian. lithuania were able to enter the european union were able sions, dition towards market economies were able to develop dynamic, innovative, private sectors. if those that were presented by corruption, others like bella roost, largely stayed the same as the, as always has done with minor tweaking the planned economy. so largely in place and sound like russia and ukraine. i do on partial reforms in russia in particular,

it was a cute economic depression. and deb organized crime and a breakdown of law and order in the 1st decade after the so the claps. and now we've seen a degree of stabilization lease on the streets, but also a resistance to diversification of resistance to reform as early resemblance of the late 19 seventies and early 19 eighties. community is a northern pakistan, say melting glaciers are putting their homes and livelihoods in danger. country has more than $7000.00 glaciers more than anywhere in the world except the polar regions. climate change means some are disappearing fast and part 2 of our special series on pakistan's water challenges. the summer been java reports from ocean near the himalayan mountains. living 2500 meters above sea level. there are no grocery stores nearby. present as day begins with getting milk for her family. she lived in the idyllic possible village with 3 glaciers meet in northern

parts of thumb. but under the 3. com isn't ever present dangerous because those glaciers and melting and a different rates because of land erosion and floods are house is not only 12 meters away from riverbank present. his family lived in constant fear, not knowing whether another flood will sweep it all away. is that john said the, this used to be our agricultural land, that's when i was a child. we had fruit, orchards, and field. after massive glacial outflows became more frequent. it's all become part of the river. the whole area in the summer is submerged. we face constant danger. our village has lost cattle and lots of agricultural land in this area has become more dangerous. 7000000 people at risk from glacial league outburst floods or gloves as they locally known. out of the 3000 or more glacial lakes in northern pakistan, the united nations development program says 33 dangerous prescript any more than

600 acres of arable land. when lost to the river. many people living in the past who are angry at the government for not doing enough. they say that talk about warning systems and protection was never going to action. a double thing to working with international partners who invest 40000000 dollars into saving lives and property. these ratios don't just affect the 70000000 people affect the 30000000 people who live in parker fund. we have a project which is looking at setting up early warning systems so that we can at least get, you know, humans out of harm's way. but the challenge is the infrastructure. the infrastructure gets damaged. 70 percent of the damage caused by these racial birth is on infrastructure. and that creates and creates an economic cost for august on scientists. so assessing glacial fluctuations to understand the complex and directions involved in climate and leisure response for it's far reaching impact on global weather. focus on $7000.00 plus known glaciers make it home to more glacial

life than anywhere on earth outside the polar regions. and within the himalayan region, i'll find glaciers as sensitive to climatic changes due to their very will out that you and debris covering the ice on the foothills of the himalayan mountain range that is erotic whether excessive rains cause flood. and a lack of rain means that waterways and spring such as this have dried up and there's very little snow on the mountain tops and that, but most of the population that risk is more than 80 percent of focus on fresh water comes from glaciers. this is a huge challenge for bargain on it's not on making started because the biggest on the missions because of what is happening around the world on climate change. and we are getting affected by us. an average country store about 40 percent of the water. but in buckets on the figure is 9 percent and the rest goes to the sea. and environmentalists say unless water consumption is reduced in farming and in urban

areas, the precious resource will become increasingly scarce. as the planet forms from jared under the ocean near to him in mountain system. and impart 3 or 4 theories of some of a takes us to call his dun and others puck us on. we're declining nearly rainfall has devastated the regions water supply. you can watch that from over 200 hours, gmc, on sunday at least 4 people in bob. we have been killed after a bus collided with the fuel tanker and then burst into flames. crash happened on a busy road connecting the eastern city of military to the capital. hurry witnesses reported. some people escape before the explosion. dozens of others are being treated in hospital for a serious injury. technology has spelled the end for millions of jobs, including the some trees old work of the lighthouse keeper in south africa. only 6 are left to keep ships and their crew safe from each other. a spoke with one of

them in cape colombine. 45 lighthouses, a dotted around south africa coastline and for passing ships and fishermen, they offer a vital beacon for navigation. this lighthouse had cape columbine on the west coast was both in the 900 cities. it's one of just 6, though manned by a keeper. it's the 1st landmark of the southern african coast, seen by ships traveling from europe. wayne brown has been here for 17 years to be like dusky, but it is. it's actually a blessing for me, for, from a personal point of view that might be, but times change and so does technology. wayne is one of the last few lighthouse keepers in south africa. we had a radio beacon with the old moscow with people with the most both that changed. then they at the g p. s. and from the gps, it changed to yes. yes,

means what? the medical identification system. what happens if the support by the supply didn't defy and she up to the lighthouse into light does identify even to the sub that part of the light from the 15 me to tool lighthouse is magnified by a lens which on appeared day can be seen as far out as $32.00 nautical sea miles, that's almost 60 kilometers. when says he takes great pride in keeping the length clean and working at its best. lighthouse stands above the west coast village of pots and auster known for its heavy gales and thick fog. that obscures the coastline is likely return to motors, but in the old days it works like a grandfather clock. the light does keep a must come up during the night in 3 hours. you must wind it up for this light to turn it on. but nowadays with 2 motors that the old insert on the light is now also

automated. and if anything goes wrong, head office is alerted via an app. even the traditional fog who doesn't require a manual labor, it automatically misses of the is humidity blasting warnings when necessary. but wayne says nothing can replace the human touch. it's a sad thing and also a bad thing. because if you most of the space we then know like us keep us on the look bay, to be honest, best. the 1st lighthouse in south africa dates back almost 2 centuries. this lighthouse in cape town is the oldest in south africa, and the 1st slide people began working in 1824. back then the light was powered by oil and lay to gas and all the work was done manually. but advances in technology mean a light keeper is no longer needed. definitely a diesel that i died. so it does our duty to our fellow staff members that we do educate and upscale team to change direction, change the carrier direction,

so that they can get involved in different projects. it may be difficult to tell how many lives have been saved by the diligence of members of the humble profession . and for one of the last generation of keepers like wayne, this is more than just a job. for me de la alta 0, cape columbine, south africa, still had on the al jazeera news hour. oh, for for a better your head is covered. 19, dampens christmas celebrations around the world. and as the row about releasing players for the africa cup of nations rumbles on, one of manchester cities store names is heading to the tournament more last coming up in sport after the break. ah, a. ready while to one

week listen, design is are making serious effort in order to, to turn them with a with

ah, here's drama. thank you to rain out the well, it's help bullies that raise concerns about releasing players the africa cup of nations, french wild cup when ad austin legend, patrick vieira says the tournament deserves more respect. the crystal palace manager who was born in central things. the competition is as important as the european championship european clubs, the threatening not to send players to cameras for the tournaments after raising doubts about the current of our protocols in place. but the ever says you would never stop any of his polished squad members from competing. his comments come off of the organization, presenting at the world's leading domestic leagues right to fever and the confederation of african football to say that teams shouldn't have to release place until january 3rd. i'll be on the 6 days before the start of the tollman,

that complaining that it's starting earlier than usual. and they're also concerned about corona virus protocols in cameron. but the tone of the letter perhaps go down badly in parts of african football because the world leaks for him do say you're getting these players for nothing, basically incense of that being paid by the clubs and they're helping to generate the revenue for asking football while lamb going out to play in the african, but of course clubs in countries like england do you benefit from place being developed in africa, so they get the talent, but this is a rumbling round. now in the build up to the south of the account with clubs determined as well, not to lose their ret players too early for liverpool. they could get that plays for an additional 2 games if they aren't released until the 1st week of january, for the african combinations. and the as such an influence potentially on things like the title rights, but no way back yet from half over how they're going to respond to this demand from

the world leaks for manchester. cities or rad marez is one of the biggest stars competing at the tournament. he's been named in algeria squad and will captain the defending champions. maurice wasn't part of jerry aside, who on the fif of our carbon cattle last week. as good as 19, it continues to impact world sports. the n h l is decided to delay the return of the regular season. the holiday break started 2 days early after a rise in cases and the season was choose to begin again on monday. but this is now being pushed back by a day to allow the lead more time to analyze testing results and to assess if clubs are ready to resume playing. it means all 14 games shoot for december 27th, have been cooled off. now a total of $64.00 statements so far this season. it's been a pretty incredible 2021 of her british sprint. cyclist mart cabin days. she's described it as a fairytale. after tea absence from the sports most prestigious race. the 36 year

old one full stage is that this is a tour de france, the equal the record held by eddie mux. his achievements made all the more walkable after battling back from depression, and epstein ball virus, which meant he could hardly walk up stairs, let alone ride his bike. felt like before i was, i was going out fishing, but with holes in my net. and i've been told to catch fish on you like with locker, can probably catch fish. but that haldeman that if you make my job order is making it quite impossible to catch a fish. and i just wanted to get a net that was a net denominator, isn't it? you know, at earth offered from depression and have somebody that fought with an excuse. and that's why i'm so happy to talk about it now. because if i for that i know i'm the only one thinks, you know, am i really like, what would think some of you could snap off and think it's just people being weak

and it's really not so many people have been through bad times last year. and slide by times, connie would come close to, to, to what people have been through in the last year and put to know that people can take hope. and you know, understand that if you, if you persist with something you can, you can get back in, you get what you want. and then i said, job, well done more than more than the winds. i guess. speaking of great comebacks, england's cricketers will certainly need one of those to rescue the ashes. that to nail down a must win the fed test to keep the series alive, as well as a confident australia side to contend with the 80000 strong crowd at the melbourne cricket ground on boxing day will of course largely be reaching to the home team that both sides are looking forward to the special atmosphere. it was also me. yeah

. bill i had left out for a few years. it is getting a honda civic. it actually series. well it's nice little bit louder and 40. i can't white. it's both boxes fees with the families around it. it's always special as one's got a, a it's a brilliant event to be involved. and i mean, just an actual series out here is assuming it, every player wants to be possible to get a chest plan of up. so that's much very special. and with where the, the series is posed currently to really exciting opportunity. clearly we're gonna have to pay a lot better than we have done so far in the 1st few games. but i expect to see that yourself and that is all your sport from me for now. we'll have more for you later. 3, thank you so much. jemma, well, people around the world have been celebrating christmas day. and as jillian wolf reports many shared the same wish. and, and to the pandemic. o people around the world are celebrating

christmas, with many refusing to let the impacts of coven 19 affect the fest of cheer in australia, the 1st part of the world to ring. and christmas day people flocked to sidney's glistening, bondai beach as summer temperature, sor stranded expect, you made the most of it. there's no flights harm aba. i'm sad o'brien knew the bestbuy archive. i love being australia. love been unbundle. i been on the base for christmas, vice a drink. i'm thrown em. well, what law could you want? you got fit buddy's running up and down the b. you've got to stand, you've got the water, you've got the sunshine. whereas if you want to be people also gathered in bethlehem where christians believe jesus christ was born. and then i better place to come with a joy

to the word ah, in india christian communities celebrated across the country from hyderabad to new delhi. as did those in south korea, china tylen and the philippines. jeremiah disguised, but i'm happy, at least we can now hear mess at our church before and there was no chance to go to church. well, and that's why we are taking the opportunity to go to the church while it's still allowed. firefighters and mexico became santa's helpers for the day, delivering toys to vulnerable children and their families. while in venezuela volunteers gather to feed people facing hunger in the united states, shoppers packed stores to get their last minute gifts. but not everyone made it home in time. travelers were stranded at airports across the u. s. and the world as thousands of flights were cancelled. a result of staff shortages as coven 19

infected crew members. ah, this year's christmas wish shared among most people who couldn't, could, could eat that. there is no more covert that we can go back to how we were used to living. that's if woodall in the vatican po francis reminded the faithful to be humble and used dialogue to resolve conflict and in the gulf. the regions big as roman catholic cathedral welcomed its 1st ever christmas mass in bethlehem, a smaller than usual crowd gathered to celebrate with a similar message as everywhere else i got on on my leg a joint, a slab of finesse. although the situation is hard with coded, people want to live and spread joy all around this year. we hope the corona virus will disappear this lease upon own nation. the violence within our society will end and the atmosphere will stay as it is now full of love and joy between every one. a message of hope reverting across nations around the world. gillian wolf,

al jazeera. thanks for watching. the news are on al jazeera, we're back in just a moment. we'll have much more of the day's news and all the day. soft story. see you in a minute by ah, ah. the listening post cuts through the noise was talking about competing now seeing modern day course being used to perpetuate the listening post your guide to the media on of jo 0. 0 boy. i've always been fascinated by space, but the story,

the space race isn't just about the men who wish their lives to traveling the unknown. but the ones who held those lives in their hands. grandfather and his colleagues worked on the space suits they, designing space suits, polo 11 was his triumph or all around and the perfectly design space seats were his legacy. putting man on the moon on al jazeera on march 15, 2019 zealand sense of security was shattered when 51 people was shot dead into christ church mos another 40 wounded. when a gunman began shooting at a christ church mos, it was packed with worship and attending the friday service. for those who lost loved ones, finding ways to deal with the trauma is crucial. she gave in, she asked me, what was mom?

i told her mom was with me 4 months later, i feel much quiet and i feel much more calm and really focused with my life. let us love one another. love doesn't cost once it makes your to heart happier. my heart, if you he doesn't bring any loss for it. simple. let us practice this. ah, thousands take to the streets and through gone to protest against the military takeover. several are injured of security forces. fire a tear gas. ah . you're watching al jazeera life from a headquarters and cell high and daddy navigator, also coming up 3 migrant both capsize m a g and c. and as many days dozens killed

us, smuggler switched to a more dangerous route from turkey.