so much of the sufferings exploited protect the people for the profit episode. one of all hail them of down on out his era. ah. ready i am fully bachelor window, how with a look at the headlines on al jazeera, human rights groups are accusing me and mars military of committing a massacre as it intensifies an offensive against rebel forces. the charred remains of 30 people have been found in kaya states. tony chang has more from bangkok we understand from reports and villages that the attack with the shootings actually happened on friday evening. but they said they couldn't get near the area, which is just outside most of the village in kaya state or in the south of me on my close to the border with thailand. and they said when they were able to get close,

they found the, the burned out shells of several flat bed trucks with bodies inside their report. the elderly women and children being amongst those dead. as you mentioned, save the children, said 2 of their staff, missing their car. they were working in the area. they were on their way home for the holidays. the burnt how it car has been found nearby. and i think they're very concerned for those 2 members of stuff. and consequently they've suspended operations in many of these border areas where fighting is ongoing at the moon. this is an area which has been seen a lot of fighting over the last 6 months. we've seen major military offences in the capital of kaya state in legal and it seems to be part of a push from the last couple of those. we've been reporting on fighting in korean

state, closer to the title of mess up yesterday that spilled over across the board with the tie authorities reporting 15 artillery shells coming over the board, destroying one house, 5000 refugees have now fled across the border and sheltering inside thailand, security forces in sudan have fired tear gas at protesters in the capital cartoon. tens of thousands rallied to call on the military to say out of politics. it was the 10th major demonstration since october, the palestinian red crescent fairs israeli forces of injured $240.00 protesters near nobliss. tensions been escalating since 2 palestinians killed an easterly settler on december 16th. neither abraham has more from bethel hammond the occupied west. there is a lot of increasing tension that's taking place in vertical and in our villages around the north of the occupied to us bank where palestinians are saying that they've been left alone for themselves. and they've been organizing local

committees to try and find off the facts that have been on the rise lately. it's happening creasing, ever since last week when the power seen some policy and fight as a shot at. and it's really settler's car in the field. one second there and injured others, and ever since then the have been marching and trying to get to and the legal is really in sacramento. how much that has been from settlers in 2005. but then 2nd, as a bruce here and an open some sorts of a sensor there. and this is the location read, the 2nd happening. it has been killed and is really close. i've been trying to get back to the whole mission. they wanted support drawing their political leadership to kind of have a sucking and instead of it being and on the recognize out who 16 they didn't get

the food be been launching. as you read the process that have been ending up going into pasting in the villages and attacking palestinians. and these radio army has some trust, the palestinian protestants, who have been trying to stop the subtler there's been emotional scenes in northern iraq after the bodies of 16 migraines were returned home from france. the victims were among a group of people who drowned last month trying to reach britain, france, italy in the u. k. have reported the highest number of current cases since the pandemic began. experts so wanting that one in 10 people in london could be infected in the coming days. those are the headlines as always more news on our website type al jazeera dot com coming up next. i'll just air correspondent. ah

ah. ah bill my you know, in the modem with just 60 years after the wright brothers man in the i, scientists and engineers were grappling with the next major challenge, putting a man in space and keeping him alive that as an engineering challenge, it was the most extreme imaginable destination,

a rocket and the most complicated piece of personal protection equipment man has ever known a space suit for the american side of the space race. the design challenge was handed to a small team inside nasa approved system. the leader of that team was matthew rad. enough ski the mad russian and eccentric 2nd generation jewish immigrant with a can do attitude and a broad boston accent. he was also my grandfather. i barely knew him. he died when i was just 3 years old. apollo 11 was his try. i'm warm all for a program and a perfectly designed space suits them and flew in where his legacy. i've always been fascinated by space and i've often wondered how he did it. for me story. the space race isn't just about the men who risk their lives to traveling alone. but

the ones who held those lives in their hand in i grew up in hot fisher england, a world away from america in the space race. i'm at my parents house to ask my dad hugh members about grandpa. looking at her old photograph than what she and asked the film. i realized how little i really know about my grandfather. your grandfather and his colleagues. worked on the space suits they design space suits that became the, the centerpiece of what the astronauts were. a mercury gemini and the apollo program that neil armstrong buzz aldrin and all the astronauts who followed them who walked on the moon. i never really quite realized, actually i always thought that, oh, it was. it was just a very small part in this big machine. and actually i realized not was actually

a big part in the big machine. i think he and a lot of people were big parts in that machine. i think there were a lot of people who took the goals that were given them and they just went on the chief it. why did he say when we were born? i see i because i don't know was a, a nice compa. yeah. any call? yeah. you didn't. you didn't see a lot of him because he lived in texas and we were here already by the time you were born. i was he please. this is the same sancho, probably. oh yeah. he loved left. all of you like to talk about it. what is it not? not to come. allison, little the pictures and me getting on the counter. the nation. i know it, it, it feels great it's, it's really interesting to reevaluate a little bit and to remember the, the trisic person that your grandfather was. my dad was he was, he was a, he was

a real character. and i think about him what i always have. and it's interesting when your parents have been gone for, for a while, you know, what do you think about and they're still there in the rear and you can hear them anything on my, i think papa even got a phantom not doing a felon. wow, this is great. i think it's so i think it's a chance for you to discover who your grandfather was and it's, it's for you to get to know my dad in a way that may be the start. i mean, we have a few pictures, you know, you're going to go off and talk to people who knew him and worked with him. and i think that's just terrific. i'm really glad my grandfather's fascination with safety clothing and subsequently space seats began during world war t. matt right now ski was stationed at 3rd light. bedfordshire in england,

in the 3 or 6 bombardment group as a navigator in the b 17 flying fortress was left. now is a small museum operated by ra franklin, on the outskirts of the old airfield. ah, i've come here with my dad because we both want to hear my grandfather's combat story. i think that some of the equipment used in the u. s. air force at that time may have influenced grampa when he subsequently designed the astronauts clothing and equipment. ralph has a good collection of that old air force equipment hair. during his time at nasa, grandpa designed the astronauts communications helmet, affectionately known as the snoopy cap. it's easy to see how the influence that came from the 8 is flying helmets. i always had, i had like this, my only one you a floor and it was easier to have the am head said. his face

and the helmet, sir, it's all a complete fixture. and that was what i often, well, apparently, when grandpa was working on the gemini projects, they were the ash knots, kept complaint i comes, devices kept slipping. and so grandpa said to somebody, oh, just get an 88 his cap and they can wear that underneath their helmet, and that will keep the common device in place. maybe we attached that device to the hat and i hadn't really realized that it was so literally exactly like that. like he was just like, oh let's get this hat that i remember from the war and see if we can put together he let she was. i would do what i did during the war. that makes sense. that's. that's really cool. ralph also shows me a heated suit that the 8 his war to keep warm when they flew at high altitude. right, well this is a he to suit, commonly known as a blue bunny, obviously because this blue i suppose was barney. i don't know. you can see it with

all the heating out him running through it. i'm surprised how much it looks like something worn by nasa astronaut. this looks just like a cooling suit. you were underneath your, your space suit. so you say okay, how we can manage to keep the actual cool when they're wearing this matter suit that weighs more than 2 men. you just put them in a suit that has watering through it. and so again, like with the snoopy cap, you can see really clearly that this is something that he would have been it not even slide by such an obvious, against an obvious answer to a problem. during the war, grandpa was a navigator in a b. 17 caught the cost of their own real guy. but i've never been able to picture him in action. so this is really interesting because this is actually inside of a b 17. this picture her. and it's rudy. i like it because it the 1st chance i've had to understand what it would have looked like inside one. so where's that,

where's the pilot in his back here. okay. this is where that is. we're looking from the back here, down to the from what kind of temperatures would have actually been inside the aircraft to mean that you'd have to wear your jacket like that more. this is wendy . i need you to. yeah. and on her line jackets, because the american bombing was done from greater heights, that was the idea of it. dad asks route if there's any record of when grandpa was shot down in 1943, 306. this is gold 1st over germany. and you might find that in here and matthew, i read now sky page 289 ah . on november 21st, lieutenant edwin turned poplar through cast with amber jago with knocked out a formation when 2 rounds aflac hit. i knew the numbers were way,

once you fall back out of formation, you're an easy target. we had a fall back out of formation because they had hit an engine. and when they hit an engine, there was an inborn edge, and it hit me wounding 1st lieutenant nasty rye bread. na ski, the navigator. there we are. very. are the tail gunner failed out. everybody bailed allan. listen, men bailed out. ah, the pilot and the co pilot stayed holding the plate plane level. i was hit in the plane. and these same explosions also said the number 2 engine on fire, severed the throttle linkage to number one engine via plain logic to engines. ultimately. and the 3rd engine. finally, they got a great big piece of flack that went into my back ah, right through the armored suit that i was wearing. i had to i'm,

it's which one that i laid on the floor. and another one i was that was sitting and wearing but i went right through it didn't make any difference than another 1st hit on the right side of this for 23rd plane. and 2nd lieutenant larva new trevor. co pilot is baptism independent. right leg. wow. they were having a very bad day and our laid me out flat. i was laying there and it. and it opened my parish. my parents was laying there in inside. so the bama dia gave me his parachute and me to a, a static line. right next to me and threw me out. and other members of the crew who bailed out were 1st. lieutenant douglas mcknight was received a metal saving money saving my dad got him out. he was the bama deer,

and sam polk lazy, faltered county. he came down from a very high altitude because it, it deployed very quickly and it took a long time to get down. it's but it was wonderful was so quiet. and then i heard a dog barking. i heard a bell ringing from a church. and then i landed in the trees in a whisper. wonderful land that ever get. i landed in the parachute kind of landed over the top of the trees and i plunged down. never hit the ground just a couple of feet from the ground hanging there at british parachute on, which was you just turn turner thing and hit it and you fall out of it. and i was pretty much paralyzed due to my wounds. i was hit apparently by a machine gun full as well as in the air because i got 3 machine gun bullets in addition in me. when i, when i parachute and my boots fell off, my vest fell off mice escape fit, kit fell off everything. the only that worked was it was the parachute. thank god,

but nothing works. that's how i became interested in working with safety equipment . nothing worked. wow. well, i'm glad i saw it in the book now it's terrific to get to one of my young ready to now makes me feel humble when i was, when i was 19 years old. i wasn't doing anything like this ah. in the united states, the calling foundation has offered me the chance to put myself in grandpa speak and take my own ride in a 17. despite my fear of heights, it's an unmistakable opportunity. climbing up into the b 17. i'm surprised how craft it is. what a cold is creating now. it may look imposing from the outside,

but it's actually crowded and very functional on the inside. the 1st time i get to see what the painting in the museum is like in real life. i can see the bumper days position and to navigate is table where my grandfather would have sat and why he was injured. i'm sitting here with the radio operator would have saps up there. you've got where the pilot and the co pilots would have been. great because you can actually, this is open up here and it goes it, i think over a 100 miles an hour. so here we go. here we go with mcneal. i think the

weight. i think

it's a windy day and after the flights i'm told this is made on trip. unusually from similar housing flat during the fall with really cool, but i feel like i'm not going to pair up but i feel grandpa is experience of being shut down in spite his passion for safety, clothing and ultimately led to a career at nasa. well, over the 4th 1957 russia successfully launch. sputnik won the world's fast artificial satellites. this act marked the stars the space race. a battle for supremacy of space between the u. s. and russia. america responded with the mercury

project soccer, making allen shepherd the 1st american space in 1961 followed by john glenn. less than a year later or in 1962 president john f. kennedy declared, the country would go one step further by putting him out on the moon or yeah, and returning him safely and all by the end of the day, we choose to go to the mall and mr. kate and do the other thing. not because they are easy, but because they are hard because that told, well served to organize and measure the best of our energies and scales. because that challenge is wong that we're willing no, except one. we are unwilling to postpone fan one. when you're going to win, and the other still kennedy's famous rallying call to beat russia to the moon, galvanized thousands of american engineers is developing new technologies,

including the space suit. the smithsonian's national air and space museum in washington dc is the perfect place to get the bigger picture of how the space it was developed. these basic spaces were ones big gara and glen war basically had the same function. they were there to keep erin in case of emergency on to keep particles out and to protect against any sort of radiation that those high levels of altitude space suits are not very comfortable things to where they're heavy, they're awkward, they're bulky. ah, they're constraining and getting those everything right for the astronaut is very important. so. so you've heard of my grandfather? yes. yes. and i've seen his signature on, on documents and materials love. yes, he sees very one that i think for me it's hard sometimes to understand exactly how

you fit into everything. the process of designing the suit is enormously iterative . it started with propose suit designs and prototype suits that come from private corporations as a bid for a contract with nasa. and they work with with nasa and the crew systems division and the astronauts to decide what's good, what's bad, what has to be fixed and what has to be modified. so there is an ongoing discussion . i have to have a suit that doesn't cost an enormous amount of money on it that it satisfies the astronauts because they're going to be the ones working in it. and that also meets the requirements to fit in the spacecraft to work on that operationally and fits the requirements of nasa and the crew systems division. it sounds like also grandpa would have an actually known a lot of different people if he was mediating between the astronauts. the nasa

itself within the contractors. it via the contractor. he's known among the astronauts, he's known among contractors and certainly at nasa who he's very famous and he has a signature and signing off on materials and designed crazy. i love you incredible to hear someone say he was famous. i can't believe that. it's just. yeah. wow, so everything your your parents told you was true. 0, one story they did tell me unites astronauts, engineers, and contract is a disaster that could have ended the entire space. paragraph b on january 27th, 1967. the crew of a polo one. budget chaffey, gus grissom, and add white carrying out the routine test with the plug out turn kind of just half of the launch when it went disastrously everything. when suddenly the control room had one of the crew shouting over the

intercom. there was a fire in the capital one and then the pure option environment, the court fire the 3 asked you know it's we're dead within 90 seconds. walter cunningham lunar module pilot for polo 7 was also a member of the backup crew for apollo one. he had been in the same face croft just the night before. taking cautious. similar tasks to the prime crew was a real shock because we had done the night before, almost the same test. and we were waiting the next day for us in roger to form it with the plugs out and the has closed. so we are all going to fly back together. and by late afternoon they had been so many delays and little problems in the

spacecraft that we finally decided him. about 5 o'clock we were going to take off, we flew back by ourselves. volleyed on the shock we had was when we landed back here at ellington. air force base, and usually we would just walk in and change it or leave our helmets and drive home . but there was a operations officer was there meeting us. i mean there's something wrong when inside and he told us about the fire, the crew had died. so it was a shock to us and so we mainly started trying to find out what had happened and of course, gone by saying the surviving spouse isn't doing what you do after somebody a friend gets killed by the guns. chris, them and roger chaffee were buried owing to national cemetery. the resting place of

the nation's hero body at white family, buried him at west point military academy in new york. ah, i think it's very moving to come face to face with that real grave because it makes them more real obviously to see their names and just to see them along with the other graves of military men. these men died that country in a way that i think they never expected to die. and that's what's also so hard. they died on the ground on a daily task that no one expect it to be fatal. and i think that's probably what was hard for their families, is that they, they died in the, in the development stages. they didn't die in space. it was just what considered to be a monday. and friday, the space program was suspended for 18 months, while

a major investigation looked into just what had gone wrong and advised changes to be made. among them, the hatch to the capsule was re designed to make emergency escape much easier and the air inside it was changed to a less flammable mix of nitrogen and oxygen. the new challenge, grandpa and the crew systems team b to make the whole command module fireproof. and crucially, the space suit was specifically redesigned to be made from non flammable material. the fire was a turning point in the space program. it brought about the realization that not just the most obvious, the dangerous scenarios needed caution. even of routine test on the launch pad to be fatal after the investigation is the fire closed. all eyes will on what new fireproof suit the apollo astronauts would where and who would create a

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were beautiful, possibly with or offered lou lou again, i'm fully bachelor window. how would the headlines on al jazeera human? why school of sir accusing me on mars military of committing a massacre as it intensifies an offensive against rebel forces? the charred remains of 30 people have been found in kaya state. tony cheng has more from bangkok. it seems that the mere mom military is pushing into these areas which over the last 6 months have seen a lot of people fling from the cities unwilling to accept the coo. but they were also believed to be sheltering. a lot of the members of the n.