ah ah ah, this is al jazeera, i'm danny navigator. with a check on your world headlines. the south african nobel peace prize winner desmond tutu, has died. appointed the 1st archbishop of cape town, 2 to 2 rose to prominence in the 1980s as a vocal opponent of apartheid. he was 90 years old. jonah holl, looks back a desmond tutu his life. this is jasmine to, to hearing the news that nelson mandela would soon be released. he was seldom want to contain his feelings. it just to get me off this to twos responses,

head of south africa's truth and reconciliation commission on hearing details of atrocities committed by both sides of the day. he's not dismantled then really the blood with desmond and pillow too too was born in a mining town outside johannesburg at a time of strict segregation. things would get much worse. as he grew up to 2 was 17, when the national party came to power in 1948, racial inequality became law is a part 8, and he'd wanted to be a doctor, but became a teacher instead witnessing 1st hand the government's policy of depriving black south africans of education, consigning them to servitude for to and the protests that followed the show like the sharp fil massacre in 1960. ringback 69 people were killed and most of them

were short in the bag as they're running away, protesting against the past. i remember as a moment when you realize that black life was cheap, the 22 must have thought he could do more in the church. he joined the clergy eventually obtaining high anglican office as dean of johannesburg and later archbishop of cape town, it propelled him into the public eye as an unflinching moral voice. why our struggle is going to succeed. is lot just because of number. i believe weight was not big because it is a josh by 984 desmond to to had one global admiration. he was awarded the nobel peace prize. it was the kind of recognition that south africa's anti apartheid movement needed to become a global force for a very,

very long time. i. i did hope that the world would, would hear a pretty and that is why we were to apply sanctions. archbishop desmond tutu was one of the world's foremost human rights campaign. as an active member of the elders in the cause of world peace remembered as much for his unremitting optimism. an infectious laugh. when he introduced nelson mandela, south africa's new president in 1994 to 2 recalled that he whispered to god, if i die now, it would be almost the perfect moment. someone up there must really have been on our side or are betting for us. when mandela died, many worried that south africa had lost its moral compass. they may now wonder whether it's lost, its guiding light rights groups have accuse me and mar as military of committing a massacre. as fighting with rebel forces intensifies the charred remains of 38

people have been found in chaos. state said the children says to fit staff are missing and their vehicle found burdened is really soldiers of injured more than $240.00 palestinian protesters and a ton i bought a car north of nablus. that's according to the palestinian red crescent. is really forces fire a tear gas live ammunition and rubber coated steel, bullets tensions been escalating in the area since and is really subtler, was shot dead by 2 palestinians. on december 16th, there had been emotional scenes in northern iraq after the bodies of 16 migrants were returned from france. family members gathered it'd be an airport to receive their remains. the victims drowned in the english channel last month as they were trying to reach britain. those are the headlines. algae, 0 world is coming up next. the me,

ah ah, [000:00:00;00] ah, spain, it's my country and my home. there is so much to love here. the people landscape, year round, sunshine, culture and heritage in spanish, people love to tell you who they are and where they come from. and i am no

exception. my family's hometown shabby him. he sundays done with the the ring in coax. i know that centuries ago these was part of muslim space. a hurried, it's long gone, but not forgotten. ah . like many spaniards, i learned about the conscious muslim heritage at school. one day does seem printed on my mind, 711. ah . that's the opening chapter of whose limbs spain a long journey that ended in 1492 with the fall of the 4th r up kingdom ranada in the south valencia to the northeast of granada is the home region of my mother and the natural place

for me to start this quest, ah, my name is pole up enough to use an am going on a journey to find out more about my heritage. and the place had called home. it's a culture leap in the dark as i have no idea what exact need to expect. ah salia shown for rural gustavo, and then they let the will and then throw marcus on the near casita of senior territory. allison hill, federal federal, local chorus. kathy who's having to get a is from darby daughter yellow based as they carry rock, professor for room for in the, for the early doral ambrey seymour it a little that we barely russell, but i think we're shown as the most viewed items for luckily with here's the people

that come up, all of whom we'll discuss, jackie, yes it but a coupon. myself. what he had is and re as full of senior. the dorothy dial up all of your moody sca olive polos delete that you like this shabby? i guess it's did that he did. okay. sab, good by feel a little more going last year, l to hold off from the rescue that of a honey kissed an improper which as they just then will discourse. mm hm. in 1492 muslims living in christian areas were called them with danger. and for a time their rights. religion and traditions were respected. but 10 years later, they were given a stark choice convert to christianity or be excited to north west africa. those who state formed a new social class, they were christians of muslim or akin known as the more discourse. some maurice goes, where christians in public and at the same time,

secretly held on to their muslim faith. these lasted for a century, but things came to a head again in 16 o 9 when a royal decrees stated that the maurice cars should be expelled from de b wren peninsula on their shackleton to up awesome. what is crisis? another one, if you will, it's been develop all of you don't, but that this nobody annoyed but it shouldn't that don't fit. molinas was quite a few. i don't know if maurice quick contest on coming in, but again, the simple don't put for the sal cellular to. okay. that will mean moody's closing on a phenol is the missy does with the feel, but it one little sure school to lift and you if you love in 5th brawler meant, they'll know that i shall too much got us. caveat of foot owners thought molina is more like animal into glass on thin ice under than the wolf. mm. it's hard to imagine the cruelty of these force expulsion after 8 centuries leaving the peninsula only

to be expelled over night. i wondered if some of them digging their heels and stay these got me thinking about my own family. my mother used to say that her father had our books. he was from on maria in the south of spain. and the story goes that the r upstair were deported to valencia. oh, i never mind now. i never knew my grandfather. so it was time to ask my grandmother about him. he passed away when still a young man and i know that talking about him still brings great sadness to my grandmother. but i had to ask and i want to be no media in madison, but i have the um, could been yakima like this. yeah. when, when run, what no matter we're gonna do this good. when i get to without internet, what each of prayers said he went to la mini, i can put a he,

i mean out of his i know i'm boy, they academia additional. what in us, my name is nelson bank that are from a do do it isn't with glad i then rehabbing all those. now i'm on the huntington manuals where she do here kind of and i from commutes until hinted if we had some things go. yes, this is sandy. is daniel baker under an issue? when is american singleton associate? yeah. you know the and under steve, she really the nicky, an affordable or samantha racheal is low as 2 estate. yes them in, especially i'm, as i gather they said the minute you know by them he's not that from the other. give you a dinner with no either like an indian party. ah, i've known wondered if my ins sisters were maurice because from spain. but apart from a sense of kinship with these people,

i freshest little evidence to follow. ah, what must have been life for families denied their faith and a brute from the land that was rightfully before being trusted reach due to the unknown. yeah, not as i knew, you know, what is the one which was even those is floyd out of it. you know, he said he didn't watch the bundle today. so the 1st one young here on the part of her however, then you know what? he was bored of those little liquid doors. there's the man who sees kent, those majors can touch my what else to live out of money? what have you as a family? so then i guess i'll go and yeah, you might have them in a corner pushed on a plan, the letters would be in there. well. okay. pulliam got it elevated n j e that key this. hm. which is in one day that i know i'm not about to post that on and thalia came to the us and he will read every single day. and i get final thing call me, what is coach?

think of meeting coming up pretty met of the out and of premier as the as this portion for closer i think i'm in monte school scholarship but got on corner postal last week, but i don't rely on that if you don't body others. photo bays have a more relaxed audio book at all. for them it stuck what and they that i mean, and with any i sorry, i don't. what in days of when the foreigners have dancers the list at the atlanta, asked compet our push for it was as when top off, i mean maurice political so there that to look at the last of me. i just wanted to suck enough in. let me map weather that as pollution one, losing a lot easier. hello maurice, cuz they look us up at amazon. so can you another one? icicle duncan, simon. maurice. first, it was just when the, when the last drop us imperial is little 30 or the enough policy that you feel here . cuz i wanna feel certain that i went over that underwriter, e, been an italian stuck. and then i walked into san antonio,

united just until 40. so won't see on the wonder what he's got a lot of course, last news feel is e los gatos, egless. yes, he was williams, the director of me. norman or philip is honey. i'm lucky. let's see, a mean on maurice kits was here, says our yard has done with us, will yet kill, will not give up. all of them cookie though, but whole apple dixie on the senators who are list look what else was had to be feel what is good, marty skirts and i honestly, you important for can see the full full can out of here. he that yup. e, those is what i must pay, get them what have you if you ask us on this and then to there's more sketch. so what i mean, no glass of water on the they don't want any of your fish hold of a w. okay, on the mountains of valencia are not far from the area where i grew up, but in those childhood they never consider that some of the muslims who resisted

expulsion may have sought refuge in these lonely hills. i am on my way to meet then all sir, who's written about word these people might have hidden from persecution? yes, no, or be no. he is l'aquila. no one got we're going to look on the phenotypic wireless data. so when you so much greater ask him if you know who familiar with me is a little head is going to and i will use a you a dollars. if we were wondering what is going to take a look at it with some of the, a little one of the 4th requesting i got you achieve your stuff in alina, i got the ball. okay. you got the yeah it was in for in thing is i'm one other. i'll make that while the data is mean. couple out of it. if you ever did he not it

. that is back. when i see a us cable from last year, my for thought use them, are you ready go there where she asked with that to run out of this or the amount of this on the i don't know. what has the phone? yes. you know, the lobby is on this. i was how washed up all afternoon with the sky state. you and maybe you start repeating it. well, i'm one of the lot of good. i don't break it up or i feel like you're picking your car. city. ok. aaliyah, listen to laurel latter. if your community journal last gift sally don't and she will not be in ball. yes, really a few years. yes. and his mother put their name. is helen boy, you quoted initial one was get people. why didn't you want to let the others and give us hasn't done english again? i been at the deal migrate the, in the general been told by you that your whole got for dentist. bruce's george or john talk on the orange. there's just like in the city or they load up with is a good thing.

so it seems that some of the maurice close did indeed stay in spain by threats of persecution, the ford station. and beth, i wonder, was this because they simply couldn't leave the place where they had lived for generations. or was it that they stayed out of fear of the unknown? i'm heading to their records valley, also known as the valley of the maurice. cuz it said that some maurice causing this area escaped deportation because of the good relations they enjoyed with their christian neighbors. i'm on their way to meet someone who claims to know some of the descendants of the maurice coast of these volley, who is still leave to day in spain, nor say afford em thought what is going in which a minute he wrote at the most nicole in okay, but the government in castilla, a lawful mother. i left you a couple of dollars that i get out on your vehicle looking at. are you that

oriental aluminum? what they, what is called a lot of the msn lucel. i'm in the layout. really good. does he know in la jolla only me the way i think going to get out on them in but there's a little bush or you know room but then they they familiar? yes. a cody fitness. evian, dante monte school pollock at bonham was up in the world. are as follows, the window, gillis ah, ah, there is no commence. we're used to for the 1st time here around 1568. i've come across one. no can man in spain's morsey our region was used to paris records to tracy me. ah, i don't know when the on air toy this an internet on by so the only family we mine

is the church lagossi or annoyed i walked in idaho and and then they continue. and we're kind of nissan sentra coolie, which are going to be your day. you're going to be going and other mentors degree and money goes a lot when the show and you know, if i don't get into house, i guess on last i need my feel that i know, i mean, she doesn't in the think of a tech read. oh, i think, i mean they're sitting daniel michelle daniels. i want to come trish in it as soon as i'm in dinner. so to initiate initially go into a benefit loss. i will need those keys to move in the mid video or you know, any. so we're the last thing is i need to so by the so many took omitting margarita nieto from middle when the, when the estimated i'm a little mentally i'm not familiar with it. or when the actual metal picky about

a sycamore with the ha ah, it feels like pieces. so for centuries, all dick so are coming together. the local major, who's traveling on a similar historical journey to mine, has gathered the group of people who believe they are all direct descendants of the maurice course. ah, come on, which are on the internet to hell. won't tell me like when i get off none honest and yellow, it's actually a good idea. monetary tanya younger. yeah, but i would like to finish it to the law. the law marla murray, cause she done said the machine, but when i was i had a, a better to get out of the official knock it out between us financial version and but to well, i can log into the lessons to funded yet it myself. i cannot get them on mikaela

coronado. one of the 4 runner 11 through the moon daughter me from i don't believe michael mitchell. you can do with a new because he'll or just into on you you some which one you sure would you and you're in lake toria. go by. good. but i guess a lot got a letter. it will be a piece of kit. and oh, you can move me ago more go i'll out of the day after that it to the mm hm. okay. i got a bill. i think it will ship it up. okay. mccloud, minnesota. com or the date that i can get up. but or if you're so she put a friend of mine. don't know what you're she law group who claim to be descendants of the maurice good said i should meet a british professor who is an expert on spanish. he st. could the professor

confirmed what others have claimed that the maurice cause of southern spain were not all expelled at the start of the 16th century? and if some state could it be that many of today's christian spaniards, half muslin roots. in the case of the, of the more discourse it seems clear to me that the expulsion was not a total success. that doesn't mean to say that it wasn't a success, but it wasn't a total success. not all of the maurice cos were expelled. and certainly in those who were expelled, significant numbers returned. we don't have numbers of those. you returned the obvious reasons. they kept very quiet. they aren't going to publish the fact that they've returned it's quite difficult. it's hard work. goes in a way,

is much easier to sort of believe they were all expelled than you don't have to do any more work. it's more complicated, but it's much more interesting. and it gives, i think, a much true, a picture of the diversity of spain in the early 17th century. it was still multicultural. it was still multiethnic. and there were still people who were tolerant, who accepted others who were not fanatics, bigots. i'm very much the opposite. of what li black legend lay in the negarra as taught us. so i think that's very positive professor that's an offer to take me to see bill i rover. he wanted to share the evidence he had found there. that suggested that the maurice gus both are bright and prospered in this area.

o v o v i is, it is a fascinating case. it was a seniority or land. so we have all the documentation of the lord of the village and his archive. and what's clear, the maurice cause of the rubia are assimilating quite rapidly. they can occupy posts in the town council. this gives them power political power. they send their children, their songs to university, they run the local school, the doctor, and the dentist. maurice course. they seem to be well integrated, but the crew, the critical thing is they have an educated elite so that when the expulsions come, they actually have political leaders who can keep the group together. they maintain a sense of identity. so even though they're expelled to france, they can very quickly reorganize and come back again. having the support of the counter salinas is also clearly important. and of course,

having the support of their own christian neighbors who don't want to see them go so that when they do come back, they looked after and i hidden their old christian neighbors hide them and they take them food and they look after them. and within a few years after the explosions, the whole village is integrated. again, when i've been there and talked about my studies, are my books on the rubia. they're always very proud to be able to say, we are descendants of the british casa vo, rubia. and these are our names and we found on names in your books. hi paula. it's great to see you. this is the handwriting of the counter salinas, who is the lord of vio, rubia has his own handwriting. this is signature. i see the convey they salinas everybody or do get

a frank viola. and this is the answer by the secretary of state antonio, the hour of piggy. so that is that his own is written up himself and what does he have to do with maurice? good. well, he is the lord of e or rubia and am. so he is his village and it's a village that is half and half old christians, i am. maurice goes and in the time of the expulsions, the last thing that he wants or needs is half of his village. yeah. disappearing. right. so what he was doing in the background was ensuring that the maurice cost would be able to remain. and then this is the man in charge of the expulsions, the counter salazer who's also writing officially to say you have to expel your marty scores and salina, so this is an autograph letter. there's a signature, the county, alyssa, and then salinas writes back and am is absolutely fun. it's really funny because

they clearly don't like each other and saline as wallace says to him, you don't know anything about my village assigned to do with you. i will sort out what has to be done and you leave my moorish cause alone. i for example, vo rubia at certain surnames. i know we're surnames are more discourse, so need nino, nito palazzios in via rubia. i'm already so really so my name makes her name if you were from vo rubia and your surname is palazzios. casanya. yeah. i will be reasonably confident that your family were. maurice goes but you don't come from viola. i have no, i mean my grandparents didn't, but others i don't know. you don't know. you need to look and check your your past . yeah. who knows? yeah. when i 1st came across this documentation i thought, wow, this is unique. yeah, i've never read this before. and that's what started me. i got me interested in trying to work out well what, what was happening,

what happened and particularly to the multi school survey rubia. and was this happening elsewhere? a meeting professor godson by sort of a relation not just his great depth of knowledge, but the fact that he knows things, but not even my own palming. he knows he's confident that both my father and mothers from me names may give clues to possible maurice cost us history. my father's name is collapse. it's a common name in the capital madrid. so that's my next destination. ah, i've always been fascinated by space, but the story, the space race isn't just about the men who wish their lives to travel and see unknown. but the ones who held those lives in their hands. your grandfather and his colleagues worked on the space suits they,

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relax in your own private space and let us take care of everything. cats are a ways the a line you can rely on. lou, this is al jazeera. i'm darian abigail with a check on your world headlines. south african nobel peace prize winner desmond to to has died at the age of 90. he was appointed the 1st black archbishop of cape town and became known for his vocal opposition to the countries apartheid system. for me, the miller has more on his legacy. the full march bishop was really widely accepted