and is found guilty. tesla found out ilan mosque is facing a backlash in china after beijing said his satellites had to close encounters with it's space stationary this year. claims that have not been verified, but beijing as complained to the united nations space agency uses of the web or messaging platform of label space, x satellites, a space junk, and a threatened to boycott on tesla. ah, if al jazeera and the top stories this are the u. s. as half to the isolation time for a symptomatic patients with cove 19 from 10 to 5 days. president joe biden says the health system is prepared for the soaring number of cases, but admitted the response hasn't been sufficient. france though further tightening its measures after reporting more than a $100000.00 cases. french government is asked people to work from home at least 3 days a week, but there will be no curfew for new year's eve. and in australia,

the number of people who were told they didn't have coven 90 when they were actually positive, as now doubled, to almost 900. a lab. and sidney is apologize for what it calls a data processing error. australia has reported more than 10000 new cases for the 1st time. hope more from sarah clark. she's on australia, sunshine coast. we certainly are seeing an ongoing rise in the number of cases across australia. so it's all states into trees or victorian idols, or they've got the states with the highest numbers. some states are reinforcing or reinstating tough restrictions. masts are pretty much mandatory across the country in doors at the moment. but you said, well, since resistance pushes are returned to lockdown, i would as christmas period. and in queensland where i am on tuesday, we recorded the highest number of jolly cases. 1158 at the headlines village is in may and may have been plain to neighboring thailand.

fighting between government and ethnic current forces intensifies advances triggered by a military raid. last week. the 8th round of talks to revive iran's 2015 nuclear deal has resumed in vienna. iran's foreign minister though once guarantees that us sanctions will be lifted on its oil sails. syrian state media is reporting israeli forces of carried out an air strike on a major ports in the city of la takia. missiles have reported the damage containers at the port and several residential buildings as well as shops and a hospital. not clear if anyone's been injured and the reports have not been independently confirmed. and the north korean leader kim jong and the is holding a key ruling party meeting is expected to outline major strategic and tactical policies. for the coming year. they go, you're up to date with the headlines on al jazeera, the latest inside story is next. in 2002 coins and bank notes marked the launch of the euro. today is the official currency of 19 of the 27 members states

of the european union. on the 20th anniversary of the euro entering circulation, al jazeera investigates how the eurozone benefited from having an official currency . it's been described as nasa. we've illusionary mission. the james web space telescope was lost with success in the 1st strip in that case. but how would it help us further understand our universe? this is inside story. ah hello, welcome to the program. i'm hash him a bottle of human kind has embarked on another space adventure pop it up. one of the most sophisticated technological systems are created on earth is

on its way to make history and to look back in it. the gems way space telescope is the largest and most powerful space observatory to be launched into space and with a price tag of $10000000000.00. it's one of the most expensive, after nearly 3 decades in the making and now on a closely watched voyage of 1500000 kilometers. scientists are hoping it will allow them to look at regions of space never seen before. once it reaches its destination, the telescope will look back in time by capturing infrared light from the early universe. that will allow us to examine the creation of stars and galaxies, and maybe like new clues about our existence. so now you to launch as of the order, 80 percent of the risk, and in a mission, i would say going off by our analysis. bye bye bye bye. various ways of assessing that i hear it may be 20 percent off the risk of the mission,

perhaps 30. i don't know. and so basically your body is ahead. we have retired number quite some risk, but what is ahead remains our risk that we're going to take down step by step. i'm very happy that the on 5 was performing extremely well. which also means that there's a lot of time ahead for good science because so good. all bit injection allows to have more fuel on board of the space cost i m 5 and i n space have definitely developed for mission all to bomb it tells of flight. excellent. and best sake as scheduled. well, begin our discussion in a moment. but 1st, let's take a look at some of the most significant moments in human kinds class to explore space. sputnik one was the 1st set life successfully launched into space. it went up the height of the space race between the us and then soviet union. during the cold war, soviet cosmonaut eureka gary and became the 1st human to travel into space and

return safely after completing a full orbit of our planet earth. the moon landing was one of the most, all inspiring events of the 20th century. astronaut neil armstrong and buzz aldrin, reach the moon and walked on the surface in 1969. 20 years later, the hubble space telescope was lost. it allowed scientists to discover moons, planets, and galaxies never seen before. in 2004 space ship one became the 1st private crude space craft to cross the boundary of space above earth that made south african pilot mike millville. the 1st commercial astronaut. ah, let's bring in our guests in boston. are the love is professor of science at harvard's university and author of excellent to rest hill in bristol, elizabeth pierson is an astrophysicist and spaced journalist in london,

francisco diego senior research fellow in the department of physics and astronomy at the university college london. welcome to the program. are the this has been characterized as the most ambitious astronomy mission of nasa. why, why, why that characterization in particular? well, for several reasons. one is that, that the telescope will be in the lagrange point to, which is a one and a half 1000000 kilometers away from earth. it say about the $3000.00 times farther than the hubbard space that has got is and service is not an option. so it's very ambitious for us to send the equipment thus far and hope that the it will work perfectly as it did so far. the 2nd is that this telescope would look, it will take the deepest images of the universe, piercing back in time to when the universe was only hundreds of millions of years.

all that's when the 1st stars were made, the 1st galaxies, and we have a chance off getting the st defect version of the story of jess. this lead there be light and is of is it particularly because of that reason mansion by avi, which is basically that need that quest, that humanities thought as quite some time ago to understand how the universe begin . yeah, there is definitely, you know, i've been reporting on space in space science over decades now. and one thing that you've learned in that time is people absolutely have this. it's sort of inherent need to understand what's going on with this universe around us. and you know, whether people do that with like religion or science or some combination of the 2. but it's definitely one of those things as of whenever you, you get these big missions ultimately the, the question comes down to like,

why do people put on these missions? and it's just that the fundamental human need to know what's out there and to understand what web is going to be really good tool tool box. being able to do that from because it will be able to look at these parts of the cosmos and these parts of the universe that we've never been able to see before because that's been shrouded in dust. that's what infrared is so good at it through passing through that veil of death. that you find, you know, throughout the entire universe that you can look right back to the beginning of time or the dust. but surrounding, you know, stalls as they grow in or planets of things. and so i think web is really going to help us get to grips with those, those big questions. on 3 most big question, francisco is it because operates in, in for that the chances are really high that it would be able to capture the images of the galaxy. the 1st load after the big band, which is going to be an uncharted territory, or perhaps

a turn and point for us or physicists. the, the james w telescope costume to fill a gap in the, what we call the electromagnetic spectrum. they hubble space telescope piece of serving the baseball part of the spectrum on a little bit of the near infrared. and then the james w is one to offset from the nearing progress to the middle infrared, which is important when the, which is neglect, seem of sort of before going not to these level. and then of course, we have the herschel, the casual observatory that was working a few years ago, or sort of in the fighting progress, which is also very interesting. it was a very successful telescope, also launched point in the library to point with a middle of 3 and a half meters. it was quite a big telescope, almost does because these one. but yes, it is very important to serving this part of the, of the spectrum to locate, as you said, the very, the very 1st stars that emerged from the dark gauge of the universe,

a few 100000000 years after the big bomb. we have the stars emerging on the 1st kind of building blocks of galaxy sort of brutal galaxies that are going to merge together. we still don't know how this process took place, and this is where the, the information is going to be very useful. lady angela from what you're saying from expressions of your faces. this is quite an incredibly exciting moment, but just for someone like myself or want to understand that you have to put something like 10000000000 dollars into this sophisticated design. this is my question to you are the and then you still have to wait for 6 months for the telescope to unfurl, and then for the mirrors to spread. if that doesn't work, it's total failure. well, yes, a, any challenging task is also a risk, but it's definitely worth it than the time that we are waiting is much shorter than the age of the universe. ah, the reason that we want to look at in the,

in for it is that if, even if you take the sun and place it very far away at the edge of the universe, there are the ation will and be stretched and the wavelengths will be stretched to the infrared such that the visible light that we see close to the sun will become infrared light as the result of the expansion of the universe. and the in fact, the 1st stars and i've been working on the sick frontier for 3 decades. i wrote 2 textbooks, the 1st stars are expected to be even brighter in the or tro violet than the sun is they are expected to be very massive and dead despite this. what we see would be in the infrared, because of the expansion of the universe and the james web space that a scope can tell us what our ancestors were. what are these building blocks that were formed 1st, and lead to the production of heavy elements that we are made off? so in awaits our origins that we are uncovering. and it's worth every penny to

figure out where we came from. and it's of the, the task of it will be in an all bits, which is not the same one as ha, but he's going to be behind the earth in l 2, which is about 1500000000 kilometers from the earth. which means that if there's any glitch, that is absolutely no way you would be able to send any rescue mission mission there. what's the ration on? what's the rationale behind this particular think put in it on l to when you know this is one of the most expensive a telescopes created by, designed by the, by that, by that nice and other groups. and then there is no rescue mission. well, to be honest, even if it was closer to us at the moment, there's no rescue mission. when that was helpful. there was a space shuttle for operational and that was what went in to get those services. we don't have those anymore. so even if there was something wrong with the hubble, you'd have to build an entire spacecraft to go and be able to, to deal with it. and if you're going to have to do was over it,

you might as well do 1000000 miles away. it's the same thing, but not said there are a lot of really good reasons why you want to be at l 2. 1 is because it's gravitational stable points. that means as you go around with your follow, it basically dropping you along in time. so it's always going to keep pace with us, which makes communications much, much easier. it also means that it's going to be able to operate 24 hours a day. at the moment hubble because it's going an orbit around the us. it can only actually observe when it's not pointing at the phone. so when it's on the other side of the earth, so half of its time, it kind of, i don't know about you, but if i'm spending $10000000000.00 on the telescope, i want to be able to observe 24 hours a day. and finally, it's also very, very firmly stable over back. so as hubble goes from night to date night today, it's cooling up and warning down and going back and forth between those 2

temperature things which are very slightly deforms the mirror. and on something like hubble, because it's only got it only got a 2 and a half meter mirror. you can't really notice that, well, with it 6.5 meter mirror, that would make a huge difference and you'd be having a slightly blurred image. so it definitely is worth, it's a bit more of a risk going all the way to l 2, but people have been spending a long, long, long time, making sure that everything is going to go to plan. and that's one of the reasons why it cost. so much is because they know it cocktails, so they ensure they can francisco, if hobble was quite instrumental in shape in our understanding of the expansion of the universe. black holes could demps web be quite instrumental in our understanding of how the universe started. about 13700000000 years ago, if that's the most accurate estimate,

yet to be proven by tips web. yes sir. 13 point date, i think, but yes, i think you're, you're right. they compliment each other. in fact, it was saved many times that the james webb is going to replace hobble and he's not, they will be working together at the same time for several years. and in fact, it's probably that the james, where he's going to run out of fuel because he has a fuel hydrazine that is going to help to bind the telescope in different directions during the several years of operation. as soon as it runs out of that fuel, it will be, or how to corp, the whole space telescope doesn't have that limitation equal will continue. so probably the hollow space that is without live the, the james webb. but both would work in coordination and that well will be a fantastic opportunity for science because there won't continue to cover the whole spectrum of the weight and for $25.00 microns or so. are they the it is going to

look deeper into space towards the edge of time, but at the same time, which will, it will take opportunity to look into our own solar system and look for building blocks of life somewhere in this massive expanse of the universe this, this looks like a mammoth task never undertaken before by humanity. right, so this telescope, they will be able, for example, to look at the atmospheres of planets as they transit their stars. they passing front of the star and the some of the light from the star would pass through their atmosphere and we can diagnose that light. then they figure out if there is any fingerprint of molecules that we recognize such as c o 2 ah, water h 2. 0 and the method is c h 4. and. ringback by that perhaps find evidence for molecules that are indicative of life. i should say i took part there . i was very fortunate to serve and the 1st advisory committee that designed the

james web space that has got back in 1996 and back then it was called the next generation space telescope and g s t and it took a long time, a quarter of a century for it to come to fruition, and they're really the, the most exciting part is yet to come, may have what we, we find will we find evidence for life elsewhere. we find the how the stars were made, the 1st stars. and by the way, i wrote to textbooks about that, and obviously he wanted the forecast to be true. the predictions that we made to be true, but if they turn out to be wrong, that will be even more exciting cause we learned something new. elizabeth for us and far villa as space. and the universe makes sense only when we have a tangible look at things like spiral galaxies, planets and stars, which makes sense to us now, because this is going to be extraordinary,

the says that he is aiming to look for light. about 250000000. he is right after the big bang. so in terms of images, which are going to be sent back from james webb all the way to was nasa. what are we expecting to see here? make it easy. i make it, make it easy for us, for the hundreds of millions of people all over the world. we looking forward to see what happens in 6 months from now. you do actually make a really good point. and i think napa has a policy that all of the planetary prob, have to have a camera because they realize just how important it is to be able to show the picture to the waiting public. people want to, to see a be able to connect that set the streams web space telescope is going to be looking in the infrared, which isn't the wavelength that we can see with our own eyes. so it's not going to be a picture that you might recognise, normally when you're looking i galaxies,

i probably will look quite unusual. exactly what they look at depends on how people are going to set them up. because all of these images are what's called false color image. so you take a wavelength that you can't see on the sewing a color, but you can see. and then you put all of these together and they create this beautiful color images. and i'm sure that will be a lot of people at nasa making sure that well and other distributions around the world. because this is an open instrument to the entire community. lots of people are going to be using the information from it, but they will be making sure that these pictures are you know, understandable. because again, we are human and human process colors and things that we can understand. images are one of the easiest ways for us to process data. you know, as a scientist, that's the reason why, you know, you plot everything on a graph rather than putting it on the table. and pictures are easy to understand. so yes, there will be

a lot of people making sure that you and everybody else in the world has some pictures already help understand what's going on. francisco way of putting massive investments here, which takes decades of time to try to put into a practice. is it because we want to understand the very structure of the universe? it's just because we as humans, mortal, we're still grappling with the need to understand who we are when we come from. and how did the universe thought? absolutely, we are now filled with curiosity. remember that dentist was invented over for only 400 years ago, and then it got a little could see what we're doing today. this is absolutely amazing. i mean, this telescope cannot serve from the very beginnings of the of the universe. the 1st light of the 1st start that 1st galaxies to the formation of solar systems. because now we know, i mean, if newton galileo all these people, they knew their mental blandness. i mean more than 4000 blindness already

discovered by this space. telescopes actually lay the couple of mission up with this plan. is that going to be explore even further? they're trying to do it is a find the, as i said, he said that signatures for life, especially oxygen. when you have re oxygen in douglasville planet data, you nick we what cali, almost a signature for life or photosynthesis for micro your life, or this kind of thing. formation will call our system formation the life you tell bloss, examining the planets in our solar system was what i've anywhere up, at least from it. that's going to give us a broad view from the here in new as to the universe. could we compare this to the moon landing, shall we say that this is as important scientifically speaking, as the moorland in or potentially could be much more important than that? it could be a turning point. well, it all depends on what we find. the sufficient expedition and it depends on what fish we find. and i should say that even though the infrared sounds weird ah, the nearest star to the sun, these proxima centauri. and he has half the surface temperature of the sun,

roughly 3000 degrees instead of 6. 1000 degrees, and so that meets mostly in for a light. and the reason habitable planet close to it, proxima b. and if there is a civilisation there that builds a space telescope, they would see the images with their own eyes because their eyes were tuned to the infrared light emitted by proxy must centauri saw. the fact that we find weird to look at the images in the, in for it is simply because the sun produces mostly visible light. and as biological creatures selected by darwin, evolution, we have eyes that are sensitive to the light that the sun produces. but in for it is by our nearest neighbor elizabeth, if, theoretically speaking, if you are chasing alive, there has been traveling for 13.7 or 8000000000 years. most likely by the time we detect it, the sty itself or the galaxy is no longer there. which takes us to the point where

do we really have to cat a lot about the notion of the edge of time when time itself remains very relative. that might be and need to reset the time itself or to go back to negativity or negative time. well, to be honest, actually, if you're looking back and 13130000000 years, which is right back to the sort of beginning of when things started said 10 on basically and start it started to shine in lights that we can pick up. and some of those, i think the 1st generation of stuff, a very short lived plaintiff foster, the die young galaxies. but they were creating, most of those are still around or if they're not around by themselves, they are merging with others. and if you're looking back at the beginning of those galaxies, the beginnings of the stars and galaxies, but then went on to build together to create the universe that we all living in today. that's the big go. because this time, the like takes so long to travel,

you will seeing things as they existed. right when they 1st start, the 1st start started shining the 1st galaxy celtic coming together. and that's what's really exciting. unfortunately, looking before that. so the 1st couple of 100000 years, also the big bag. there wasn't much producing light in facts. there was various phases where light couldn't travel more than a few nanometers. and so we'll, we'll never be able to look back at the time with telescopes show it's francisco less than a minute. good. could we say ultimately that in 6 months from now, we will only say it was really worth it if we get the 1st glimpse of the most distant galaxy in the universe of the most distant, far all the oldest cloud ever to be deducted, that could be the moment that would be why the interpreter, as you know, what,

we're moving into radio, uncharted territory here in fines. well, absolutely, yes, absolutely. yes. we are using the technology of the top range of what we are cap ability as we speak. the telescope is crossing the order, we thought them already on the, on his way very slowly and i was 11 kilometer per 2nd. i'm deploying all the se, shields and everything. aligning the mirrors, as we said before, and then in 6 months time, we will get this fantastic, fantastic discovery, some very positive that you will want us to clean. it will be a major milestone. the knowledge of the universe really fascinating to see how humanity is using extensive his own senses to further gaze into the heavens and look for small details, but about to make massive difference in this life of the lo, elizabeth pearson for francisco, diego, i really appreciate your insight and looking forward to talking to you the near future when the 1st image is from jumps with,

with it being into our living room. thank you and thank you for watching your can see the program again. any time by visiting our website, al jazeera dot com for further discussion goes our facebook page. that's facebook dot com, forward slash ha insights for you can also join the conversation on twitter. i would 100 is at a james, i study from national and the entire team here in my for now step beyond the comfort zone were assumptions or challenge traveled to the ends of the earth and further experience the unimaginable of the people who live it. this is probably the most extreme situation i've been involved in how quickly things contract award winning documentary, the old for perception. witness on a, just the euro,

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