i guess she was starring in the tv show hot in cleveland at the age of 92 until it was cancelled in 2014. 0, betty white continued to make new audiences smile. doctors say a glass of wine a day can extend your life. and that perhaps was the secret of her lengthy career. looks like we're a little live forever. it ah, hello, you're watching out here. these are the top stories this hour. south africa is a president, seal ram, oppose it has delivered the main eulogy for archbishop desmond to, to, as in george's cathedral in cape town, to, to is being remembered as the moral conscience of the country and for his service against a social injustice throughout the world. he was not content to preach about social justice from the pulpit. he was with the homeless,

the helpless but persecuted, the sick and the destitute in the streets and shelters. and in hopes he embraced them all who had ever felt the cold wind of exclusion. and they, in 10, also embraced him, is alive, pitches of thousands of people gathering across a rock to mac, nearly 2 years since the assassination of the runs top general da sam solomon. i mean, he was killed in 2020 by a u. s. drones strike along with the later of the iranian back to popular mobilization forces. oh, your, his marquis rival of 2022 with the famous ball to up on time square. most countries have also welcome new year in about the shadow. he'll make fun. darian still looms large. many parties in fireworks displays were cancelled scaled down due to

a rise in infections. north korean leader kim jong on has laid out his new year plan for the country. state media is reporting his main goals are economic development and improving people's lives. the country faces what he's described as a great life and death struggle. at least 12 people have been killed in a stampede at a religious shrine and the indian administered kashmir. it happened at the hindu vash. no darby shrine in the countries north where devotees were mocking the new year. at least 13 others were injured. and a wildfire that swept through several towns in the us state of colorado has largely burnt itself out. almost a 1000 homes have been destroyed and tens of thousands of people had been forced to flee. the headline time emily angry and the news continues here on al jazeera, after in sad story. ah.

a new year and a new trade deal. the world's largest free trading glock opens for business in asia, covering a 3rd of global economic outfit. so who will benefit? and why did india pull out of the agreement at the last minute? this is inside story. ah. hello and welcome to the program. i'm hammered. jim jerome, after 10 years of work, the world's largest free trade zone is opening for business on january 1st, 2020, to the regional comprehensive economic partnership covers 15 countries across the

asia pacific region and promises to improve business for 2200000000 people are sap as it will be known, it was conceived in 2011 and ratified in november 2020. it will be the 1st free trade deal between china, south korea and japan. the u. s. is not part of the agreement, even though it is in the asia pacific region. and india pulled out at the last minute. china, by far the biggest economy in the block says the trade pact will help the country promote growth as the region tries to recover from the pandemic. she didn't show you whole. she asked the young c. p takes effect over 90 percent of merchandise trade between the members will be subject to 0 tariffs on january 1st, 2022 more than 65 percent of china's trade with a young australia and new zealand are expected to immediately achieve 0 tariffs r c b to know all over all the r, c, e p mid, the countries have committed to opening up more than 100 service trade sectors

covering finance, telecommunications transports, tourism research and development. o. r. sep. is made up of 10 south east asian countries as well as south korea, china, japan, australia, and new zealand. the agreement will provide a simpler training framework, meaning businesses won't have to navigate separate requirements to export to different countries. around 90 percent of trade tariffs was that within the block will eventually be eliminated. it will also cover nearly 30 percent of global economic output and a 3rd of the world's population. india decided against joining the trade block in 2019 out of concern that it would be flooded with cheap imports from china. all right, let's bring in our guess from pin on pin cambodia giant men on a visiting senior fellow at the i. c. s. use of shock institute. joining us from aging ein are tang and a china political and economics analyst. and in washington,

d. c. niel's graham, an assistant director with the atlantic council geo economics center. a warm welcome to wall, and thanks for joining us today on inside story shout. let me start with you 1st today who benefits the most with this are sep agreement. the large countries or the smaller ones. ok, thank you. i think that's a good question to start off that and let me start by saying, i think everyone benefits both the large and the small. but i think the smaller countries, the newest members of the and in particular like cambodia where i am. but also meandra allows vietnam, has the greatest potential to gain the most. this is because they're the ones that have to go through the greatest amount of change in terms of reforms that ross, it provides them the opportunity to do. but that's the key point. i think about

this agreement is designed really in such a way that it's up to the members to take advantage or to go as far as they want to in making those changes. so these countries can potentially be the biggest beneficiaries, but they have to grab that opportunity. i know that a lot of people think that china will be the main sort of beneficiary and has been driving the whole process. china is already a big player, the incremental gains and unlikely to be that big. of course they will gain and that's why they're in it, but nothing like the percentage increases that we can expect to see from the new s smallest members. i know, let me ask you to pick up on a point that john was making there about how much china has to gain in all of this . of course, we know that the u. s. and india aren't included in this deal. so does that mean

that going forward? china dictates the rules when it comes to trade in asia. the not at all. if you check with the reset rules, it's very simple. it's, it's, it's all about collaboration. people have to agree. it's not something where one country can dictate this is not like the world bank or the i am out for something like that where there are special rights reserved. 2 particular members who can control who's president and kind of move things around as they see fit news. i saw you nodding along to some of what i was saying there. did you want to jump in? yeah, i agree with what i was saying. i would say that does, but china, more in the driver seat of the future of asian trade and economic rules. i would say one really important part of research is sort of, it's a ford looking at gender and the fact that the negotiators want to be kind of a platform, discuss future rules within asian trade and economics. and i just think us and in

you're not at the table we're china is so we could see is a come to consensus on issues like they don't enterprises on like digital trade that may run counter to overall us interests meals when it comes to the u. s not being at the table as you put it. what does this mean when it comes to china's increasing role and growing influence? even as the u. s. influence wayne's yeah, i think by agreeing to this trade deal, i think it's a mess. those outside the tent, namely the u. s, that east asia and southeast asia are willing to move on trade with or without the support of the us. and i think it's very important now for you to reflect upon itself and figure out what the policy is going forward on economics and on trade. more generally speaking, jan, how is this? are set deal different from the trans pacific partnership deal, or t p p as it's now in which involved the u. s. in which they tried to get off the ground, but then they pulled out of right. so i think that's

a good starting point. the t p p is no longer what it was. it's now the c p t p which is a significantly watered down version of what the u. s. had initially proposed now after it pulled out. and so, but still even in this watered down form, it is a much more ambitious agreement than that we have with us the, the membership of asset is so diverse. you have a rich countries like singapore, you have very poor countries like lauzon, cambodia, the populace nations. so you cannot, you have to cancel that diversity by allowing flexibilities and flexibility translates into generally lack of prescribed depth. so that's the key difference in the level that mission,

the level of depth. but countries can go as far as they able to or willing to, but the minimum set is quite low to accommodate the huge diversity. that's the key difference i know from your vantage point there in beijing, do you think that there's any possibility we could see the c p t p p and this are step deal possibly merging in the future? absolutely, i mean both of them. well, t c p a t p basically starts out very strong as my colleague pointed out, our sap starts out a little bit weaker and gave us nations a lot more leeway in terms of protecting a certain percentage of their industries. and also there is a much looser form of in terms of labor and safety standards and subsidies. so that's where it starts out. but every year that is decreasing. so at some point it

gets to a level where would be very acceptable to t. c. t p, p and it would be imaginable that they would in fact where she gather. now china is obviously, you know, said that they want to embrace tcp t p, p and brace, join. and that's causing some consternation. but it shows that, you know, china is moving forward on trade. it is not trying to sell lots of weapons and things like that. it's really talking about the sustenance of life, how we can all get along together. so from the aging point of view, they see this is a sharp, sharp contrast to american strategies, which seem to be much more around security and selling military hardware without really any kind of clear comprehensive plan. economically, there's a lot of talk with very little action. neil's, how do you foresee, at least in the short term, all of this impacting global trade? i'm in the short term. i don't think it will have a very sizable impact on global treat. again,

this agreement builds on pre existing trade deals between member countries around 82 percent of the trade flows covered by reset or actually covered by preexisting agreements. i think we'll see the most immediate impact is going to be in the northeast asia. we see is the 1st trade deal to cover the bilateral trade relationship of china and japan and south korea in japan. these are both very sizable and very important trading relationships in east asia, which up to now have been failed to cover it by any trading arrangements. i think that's we will see the most immediate impact, but overall again, this is a trade agreement with a 20 year time horizon. so as other collectors are pointed out, you know, over time it will definitely make a sizable impact of the global economy. but immediately i don't think we'll see very many large changes chance i know you touched upon this a little bit in an earlier answer, but when do you think that people in the region are really going to start seeing the benefits of this? i think there will be some immediate benefits. i mean, it comes into force tomorrow, and there are some goods that will get a duty free access starting tomorrow. but as you previous commentator mentioned,

this is a long term project, right? 20 years. and in fact, all the significant reforms are contained within this agreement, dealing with difficult and challenging issues will be back loaded. they will be left to the end as the things naturally work out. and so those things will not happen for another decade. oh so, so we will see some effect immediately and there will be this, you know, demonstration effect for you. good fact. but i think overall though, what we will actually witness is this, what we don't actually observe, which is a rise and protectionism. so this is why it's difficult to actually measure the impact sometimes, because the greatest benefit is what doesn't happen. there's a tendency now for protection and sentiments to increase. and hopefully we'll put

a lid on that and stop countries. you know, looking in word at a time where they are feeling insecure about jobs and growth prospects. so a lot of these effects will be what doesn't happen as much as what does happen in the short run. i know what do you say, how long is all this going to take to have real impact on trade in asia? well, actually i think it'll be, have a much more immediate impact. i mean, you have to start weighing what happened over since 2019. it was small. busy medium sized enterprises that were hit very, very hard. and every single one of the countries involved regardless of where they are. it's the small medium size enterprises, which are the ones who create jobs opportunities and a lot of the g d p. so this idea of always trying to measure things in terms of large corporations, i think is wrong. i mean, if i'm a small business in any one of these countries, and now the same rules apply to what are their markets there, it gives me

a lot of leeway. i don't have to learn about different markets. i can simply go out there, do it. plus they, you know, these countries, especially at the lower end. and i agree, cambodia and my mar, stand to have a tangible benefits. they have a labor dividend. and as you can see with wages rising in the us and other places, inflation rearing its other ugly head. companies are going to be looking to cut costs. and there's real possibility that they'll start looking at these countries because they are in a recognizable trade zone that's enforceable. and it makes things a lot easier, especially if they're within that zone meals. it looked to me like you may have wanted to add to what i was saying there, please go ahead. if you add a point you want it to make. yeah, i think one of the largest immediate impacts of a recent will be on the changes to sort of non care bears. i think one thing it does that's very important is really unify as issue into much more of a singular trading block. as i mentioned before,

which is built on 5 preexisting trade deals. and previously, you know, companies operating in asia had to qualify each for each individual trading arrangement for their goods to qualify for that specific deal. and what we see does is unify all these into one singular agreement. so things like rules of origin, for example, you know, unified across is you're making a much easier for companies to view issues a singular trading block rather that no 5 disparate agreements. neil's. let me also ask you, i mean, how concerned is the us about this agreement and also what can the u. s. do to ensure that it's strategic interests are still relevant to east asian economies? yeah, i think the u. s. is still very much trying to figure out isn't economic policy, i think sense. we withdrew from p. p. back at the start of trump administration. we really haven't had a cohesive economic asian policy. so i think 1st and foremost, it's very important to us to kind of figure out what their perspective is going forward and how to implement it within asia. i think one very easy way to do this is rejoining c p p. although i don't think that's politically tenable within the u . s. so instead i do believe it should begin focusing much more and sort of sunrise

industries as well as more will sitting within the international training space in your building to few that are done for the digital space right now with the calmer secretary romando going on her se asia tour and discussing the sort of digital trade arrangement. so i think it's very important to watch and see what develops in that front. i saw you just now nodding to some of what niels was saying, did you want to jump in? yeah, i did. i mean, i don't think the u. s. has any choice politically, it can't join our c p because that would be capitulating to china. can't join t c t p p because it wouldn't get the 23 provisions that were struck down which were in favor of the us and especially the larger corporations. i think where they should be looking at as the w t o u. s. is holding the keys there, they're refusing to allow any appellate judges in there and therefore there's no enforcement mechanism. w t o needs reform. i think it's, it's a better venue for the us. it would actually be supported by the rest of the world

because no one is doing all these, you know, regional trade agreements because, you know, they didn't like the w t o, it's just, it's a non functional body. no giant. can this agreement really work when, if there are a lot of countries involved that have trade or geo political issues with each other? i'm talking about china and australia, for example, or china and japan, or japan and south korea. i mean, how is this effectively going to work when you have countries that make up this block? the do have quite serious issues with one another. i think that's a good point. well, the short on says that, you know, they'll have to use this as a vehicle to try and deal with those problems that they have with each other. and this is the best way to go forward in addressing those sorts preventing those sorts of non trade issues interfering with what is mutually beneficial

exchange. so i think this is how we can slowly work towards, you know, dealing with those difficulties in the longer term. but we know that, you know, trade can occur even when relationships are not at the best whole history of that happening. and i think, you know, safe is one way in which perhaps some of those concerns can actually find resolution overtime. they won't interfere with tracy can actually help deal with the underlying sources of friction. i think over time as trade is a way of actually dealing with it using trade policy as a means of dealing with those non trade issues we know doesn't work. and in fact, it punishes both countries and the us, china trade was the best example of that. i know, let me get your take on this to,

i mean, the fact that these countries have issues with one another. is that going to complicate the deal going forward, or is that going to smooth things out going forward? no, i believe i agree with my colleague here, what you have is you have to have an open door, a platform, and a cost for imposing either security or political oars in the, in the water on these particular issues. trading is always good. you know, it's mutually beneficial hopefully as, as my colleague said, this will be the basis by which countries can come to some sort of terms. right now, if you know, and within the international press and other places, you know, there's a lot of cation of different countries, depending on different ideas. you have to start somewhere. and, you know, obviously looking at, you know, political ideas is not the way to go. so let's, let's try tre, j on let me ask you, why did india pull out of our set?

is it just that india is concerned about opening up to china? was that the main bone of contention here, or was there more to it? ok, so i can really speak for india, but i think what you just said is probably the most likely reason. i think there was concerns about chinese goods flooding the indian market. but i think more generally the current movie administration is not yet fully convinced. of the benefits of liberalization. india has a tendency to judge every free trade agreement, in terms of its bilateral surplus or deficit. that is a wrong way to go about it. that is very old capitalistic view of trade policy. and it's still hanging onto that idea. and i think unfortunate knee,

the movie and ministration is starting to reverse. some of the good works that have been done over the last couple of decades in moving india forward towards a more liberal and open economy. so i think this fear of china, but it's part of a broader distrust of liberalization. and judging every free trade agreement as to whether it adds to trade surplus as being good. and if it doesn't, it's bad is also something it needs to overcome, but underlies the curren hesitancy to engage in these sorts of make regional meals . and could we see our son play a role in easing us, china tensions or even resolving us trying to trade war? i'm not sure. or simple play director role in using either of these tensions, i think or so doesn't really address the core issues brought up by the us trying to treat a sort of trade wars. and i think again, it really is up to the us trying to figure out what is the station trade policy

looks like. and more generally speaking, what issues or type, sorry, chinese economic policy looks like. i think for the u. s. figures these things out, it really just cannot help. well, address any of these core issues. j on our step was 1st imagine 10 years ago. so what i'm curious about is if it actually addresses these trade in economic issues that we're facing today, especially those highlighted by the pandemic, like supply chain issues, for example. oh yes, i think, you know, at the core of our set is this promotion and support for supply chains. of course the, the difficulties observing now the supply chains will go away once the unevenness of the demand response after huge period of lockdown and adjustment that we have had to go through. but i said, is all about strengthening the supply chains in this region,

increasing the resilience and also facilitating environment. a mortgage citation can take place so that they are more responsive to the kinds of shocks they're going through now. so even though it's been a long time in the making, i think the fact that it took so long also indicates how it needed to address different consent to different countries. and you know, the agenda had to evolve with the changing circumstances that we find ourselves in . and i think that's enough sort of flexibility built in to respond to the changing needs. the question now is whether countries will take advantage of these flexibility to move the reform agenda forward. oh, just use it as a way of actually backing off from doing some real changes. that's the real question on our will our step provisions on transparency and on adoption of

international standards mean that going forward we'll see members utilizing or incorporating best practices more into their procedures. well, yes and that's, that's the theory. the question is how it is enforced and who's going to do that? i mean, this is in the end, these are sovereign nations. they've agreed to do to join this entity. there are enforced mechanisms, but it's going to be very hard to do that. it really has to be a situation where, you know, if you, if you're not obeying these rules, especially as it goes to safety and things like this, that there will be peer pressure from the rest of the group saying, listen, you signed on to this, please. and here to it, but in the end it's about peer to peer. this is not, as i said, it's not a corporate where you're 51 percent makes the role is really, you know, countries have to come together and agree where they want to go. i know we have

less than a minute left. let me just follow up with you about the point you were making. are we going to be seeing agreements going forward between countries in this block to ensure that best practices are implemented in the agreements already there? that the, the issue is, are they going to react on it? and my, as my colleague said, you know, you can either run with the ball or you can sit on it. and that is up to each nation. well, be interesting is if this r c e p starts expanding south america, decides that they want to get involved and in you start to seeing a snowball effect. but then there could be more pressure to actually do these types of agreements. all right, we have run out of time. we're gonna have to leave the conversation there. thanks so much. all of our guest, joe young men on an art tank and, and neil's gram and thank you for watching. you can see the program again any time by visiting our website al jazeera dot com, and for further discussion, go to our facebook page. that's facebook dot com, forward slash ha,

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discovering unique ways of coping. controlling, being alone together. episode to of all hail the locked down on al jazeera ah. ready hello mclaughlin there, how the toaster is here. amount 0 aust bishop doesn't to, to has been remembered as the moral conscience of south africa and for his service against social injustice throughout the world of south africa's president several rem, oppose delivered the eulogy for 22 at saint george's cathedral, in case time he was not content to preach about social justice from the pulpit. he was with the homeless the helpless they persecuted, the sick and the destitute.