when he left me for a woman is 33 years older than him, marriage for sale on al jazeera holding the powerful to account was we examined the u. s. his role in the world on al jazeera. ah, it's 1200. i was gmc here on al jazeera. i'm come all santa maria with the headlines and novick joke of his back in detention at an immigration hotel after his visa was revoked for a 2nd time. the tenant star is expected to appeal the decision, but hearing on sunday, just a day before the australian open begins joke of is, visa was 1st cancelled off to questions over his vaccine exemption. that decision was overturned, prompting an intervention by the immigration minister. he argued, joke of his presence, could be a health risk, and could encourage anti vaccine sentiments. sarah clock with mo, from brisbin,

no joke of which is legal, tame took the visa stuff back to the federal court in a last minute bid to stop his deportation. on the eve of the australian open, the tennis champion has been granted a temporary reprieve. as long as this matters being played out in court, he can stay in australia. the federal government canceled his visa for a 2nd time, arguing that joke of which poses a health risk. and his presence here in australia, fans anti vaccination sentiment and might encourage others not to comply with public health measures. brokovich, his lawyers cited an online poll as evidence of widespread support for a ministry area. with 60 percent of australians wanting him to play in the estrella and open the tennis champion, his back in detention. the critics including the former labor prime minister, kevin rud argue that scott morrison is using the visa saga as a distraction. as a country records a record number of daily tova, 19 infections, joking, which is on court. rival, rafael, a doll has also white in arguing that this ongoing court battle is

a distraction to the mind game. how strongly and open is much more important than, than any player. so if his playing finally. okay, if he is not playing, i, i'll tell then obama will be a great. doesn't have an open whistle without him. that's. that's my point of view . this saga isn't over yet. the matter is scheduled to return to the federal court for a final hearing on sunday, on the eve of the australian open. and novak joker, which is set for the 1st round of the tournament on monday. the in joke of his home country of serbia, the president has come out and given his full backing, it was to kill you if you wanted to ban nova jack a veteran winning his 10th australian open trophy in melbourne, why didn't you deport him immediately? why didn't you tell him that it was impossible for him to get a visa to your country? why do you harassing and not only harass him, but his family and a whole nation, libertarian and proud? is that necessary to win an election? is that necessary to make your citizens like you, president from a small country has appeared, who can say that to a great prime minister from

a large country. in other news, as there are more revelations of u. k government parties being held during locked on the daily mirror newspapers as weekly drinks. gatherings in fact, happened more than a dozen occasions have now come to light on weddings. the prime minister bars johnson apologized to parliament for attending what he thought was a work event at a time when socializing was bands, the opposition, the ducats darma has again hit out at bars. johnson's government rather than concentrating on getting through the pandemic. a brilliant are waiting list. this self indulgent tory party is having a fight about to leader who they should have no from. the start is not fit for office. where we're witnessing every day. the broken spectacle of a prime minister minded to see, to deception and unable to lead. but whilst the tor is becca and fight each other on what's up, i want to look to the future. in his capital,

new daily is observing another weekend curfew to curb the rising number of covet infections. all non essential activities have been put on hold. the country's been recording more than 250000 cases a day for the past week. however, hospital admissions and deaths are lower than in previous waves. the united states, as accused russia planning a so called false flag operation in east, in ukraine, in an attempt to create an excuse for an invasion. moscow says those kinds are unfounded. and so now the waves have hit the shores of the south pacific nation of tongue after an underwater volcanic eruption. it follows a series of interruptions from the hunger tongue hung the hot by volcano, which started on friday. and advisory has been issued for large parts of the south pacific. all right, you're up to date with the headlines here on out to 0. we'll have another update for you after the bottom line with steve clements that's coming on next. ah,

i have c fleming, and i have a question as the 12 punch of technology and the pandemic changed the way we work forever. let's get to the bottom line. ah, economists are calling it the great resignation. it started in april when the number of americans who quit their jobs broke all records. we're not talking about just a few people here and there in august alone, 4300000 americans woke up one day and they just walked out. it's not that people don't want to work. it's just that during this pandemic, billions of us took a step back and wondered about the value of our lives. many people decided they wouldn't keep jobs, they didn't like, or jobs. it didn't give them what they felt. they deserve many turn to the gig economy where they can work as many hours per day as they want, delivering food or people, for instance. but without the benefits of the old economy, the size of a shift in the labor market is wreaking havoc everywhere from restaurants to

hospitals, with millions of jobs unfilled. so what's the future of work and workplaces? what to employers need to know if they want to attract and keep workers an employee labor relations changed forever. today we're talking to adam osi mac, chief economist at the pre last job website up work where he leads research on labor market trends and vena do ball professor of law at the university of california hastings, where she researchers, how digital technologies are impacting the lives of workers mean, let me start with you. look, i remember when there was this romantic notion that, you know, after the 20082009 financial crisis, you know, people were going to have an opportunity work a little bit here, work a little bit there. you know, we called it the gig economy and it was the gift flexibility. but then we went to a point where we began saying, wait, maybe those goober jobs and you know, those, those food, every jobs weren't as romantic as we thought because they didn't have the right benefits. and then we talked about robots coming in and displacing all of those

people to day. we have a major gap in lots of jobs open and we don't know where the people are. what's going on, give us a quick frame of what's happening from your perspective. i think that during the pandemic, as you said, a lot of people realize that what they were doing at work in their, in their jobs, was exploited of that. they didn't like answering to a boss. they didn't feel valued in their workplace, and frankly, they weren't making enough money, given how much experience they had, how much, how long they've worked in the economy and, and what they felt that they deserved. because we are in a labor market that is a workers labor market, a lot of people have been able to leave their jobs and unprecedented ways, unprecedented numbers and, and look for something better. is also has a lot to do with the benefits, the unemployment insurance benefits and the pen demik, unemployment assistance that the government provided to give people the ability to

say, hey, i haven't been appreciated in my workplace. i haven't been earning what i deserve to earn. and they're looking for other options. many of them are making other options, but it's important as we are in this inflection point to think about. what got us here. what got us here was exploitation. what got us here was a disregard for human dignity in the workplace. and as we build back, as we think about the world, the future of work for workers that we want to create, we have to take into account the lessons of the last 15 years. and those lessons include that humans need not just dignity, not just flexibility, but also stability and security. oh, thank you, adam. i'd love to get your take from up works perspective you've written out. i love your newsletters that you've got basically 40000000 people are now going to be

working on line digitally, not in corporate offices, over the next 5 years. what is that will look like you and give us both. what you see is the positive dimensions of that scaffolding and those that concern, you? sure, so i think, you know, to step back, we, we, we've had, we had about a 3rd of people doing some freelancing. pretend i think it's important to recognize that not all of that is full time. so we've got about a 3rd of people do freelancing, and then a little more than a 3rd of them who do that on a full time basis. so we're talking about, you know, just over 10 percent of the workforce to full time free. i think it's significant. it's a really important part of the economy. i think it provides that type of work that these people who choose this way of working prefer it gives them flexibility that they want that they need. but there's no reason to worry that this is going to be like everybody, you know, i think what's most important is that we have

a tight labor market. we keep a tight labor market and people choose the type of work that's the best fit for that. and, and i think that with the growth of remote work and with people taking a look at what they value in their work circumstances, we are going to see more people are choosing to freelance. we're starting to see that already and i think we're going to continue. well, i don't want you to take your notch further. recently, i did an interview with les shuler, the new female president of the a, f l. c. i o, the 1st woman president. ever in the f l. history and we talked about whether this moment where labor has kind of an edge ought to be renegotiating more than just flexibility when you want to, to venus point. you see a kind of neutering, if you will, of a lot of the traditional benefits that used to come with employment and jobs. and as we've gone into the gig economy, it's been, those benefits have been shorn off. so is this a moment from your perspective, looking at issues beyond flexibility, which is you've got part time work that you can assemble and maybe stack in

different ways. but there are other things in this moment to give labor more edge in the process with, with employers. i think workers certainly have more bargaining power. now it's important not to take for granted the short term circumstances we're seeing right now. it's true that there's a lot of bargaining power, but as venus that a lot of that is due to short term things like that, we just ended and household savings being higher than normal from stimulus payments . what's really important is that we need the federal reserve to remain aggressive in keeping labor market type. and we can simply look at around at the high rates that we see right now and assume that you know, the job is done. we've got to keep the markets tight. that'll be great for bargaining power that's going to help to you know, an all sorts of work improve conditions for workers. and i really don't think that's an issue of, you know, whether people are freelancing or not. that's an issue of, you know, macroeconomics. we need good monetary policy and we need that to sustain. that's

good for all workers. you know, i don't, i don't mean this with any disrespect, but i'm in your field both of your field. there's a lot of jargon that i don't understand, and i want our on our audience to understand you right. a lot about precarious work . what is precarious work? tell our viewers understand what your focus in, in precarious working where that what ledger those workers out on as you see it. it's a great question. so per kara t definitionally means uncertain tier instability. and so about 15 years ago and the political science literature, anesthesiology and anthropology literature, we started focusing on the reality that work had shifted. i'm starting in the late 19 seventy's. there was a shift in how people experienced employment, instead of having a single employer being unionized, getting a pension at the end of the day, we saw more and more people working several jobs,

not out of choice, but because they needed those jobs to survive. those people oftentimes in retail, for example, were subject to just in time scheduling, where they didn't even know how many hours they were gonna work in a given week, or when they were going to work in a given week. oftentimes they didn't have health insurance. so precarious work refers to work that lacks income certainty, and that lacks benefits. and something that i want to really emphasize here is that for many people supported, particularly in this tight labor market, choosing to leave their, their work is a choice. but for the folks that i study and that is low income, immigrant, racial, minority gig workers, the work that they do is not out of volition or at of choice. it is very much because they are marginalized, vulnerable workers, and this is the work that is available to them. and so what's important is not just

that we sort of look to what workers want or what we're workers, desire, but understand why they're doing what they're doing. you might think of a company like uber as, as a technological innovation, that shifts shifts us from the, from the traditional union, hiring hall for example. so the traditional union hiring hall was this market mediator that helped workers prices that helped workers that working conditions and allowed them to be free and flexible in the ways that workers are free and flexible . you looper, however, enjoys the price premium that comes from their position as margaret mediator and workers in turn don't enjoy income stability. and they don't enjoy any of the collective bargaining power that workers had in the union hiring hall. so we can think of this moment actually as a time to,

to combine both great technology and really good policy. and we have a centuries worth of, of excellent academic research suggesting what really good policy might look like right now to bridge the gap in, in quality, particularly racialized racialize inequality. and to bridge to bridge what workers wine. right. thank you. i'm adamant. another dimension of this kind of landscape of, of, i don't know the equate the economic equation out there in america. there's a study, it's called the venture forward study that the university of iowa u. c. l e. anderson school. and i think arizona state university did in, in partnership with godaddy. godaddy is the largest internet registration firm ah, in the united states, i'm fascinated by the study because when you look at it, you see a literal explosion of really hundreds of thousands of new micro businesses. they call them ventures. and in them, if you look, there is a lot in, in, in frankly, the minority communities of black and brown communities, new america,

commitment communities are creating, you know, what they call side hustles. and i'm interested in whether that is a strategy to cope a strategy to be more resilient. it's another way of talking about the gig world perhaps, but it is something i feel it is a little bit different and you can kind of see a, a strength there that may not be recognized by many this up work. look at that at all. have you have you looked at the adventure forward work? i've looked at new business registrations, especially, you know, not employee business registrations, meaning independent businesses or the pin demick. we've seen an absolute surgeon there. so i think that's the same phenomenon you're talking about. i think you're absolutely right. it's important to focus on the diversity in ways of working the economy and wellbeing is focused on low skilled, precarious workers. and it's really important understand that, you know, that's not the freelance economy overall. it's true their lowest working in the free economy. they're also low skilled employees as well. there are

a lot of high skilled workers in the brands are coming up. work is a skilled services platform. you know, we're talking about programmers, data scientist, web, mobile software developers. you know, marketing manager, social media strategy, this is high skilled work. it's people who choose this way of working. and i think that, you know, they, a lot of them think of themselves as small business owners. and so it's important not to complete that with low skilled work which can be precarious, but that for kennedy is not limited to so called good work, low skilled workers employment relationship or, you know, in the post great recession, era have not done well either. and that's a macro economic problem, and if you got rid of low skilled gig work overnight, those workers would be better off. they simply wouldn't be, they would still be facing low demand for low skilled workers. that's a macro economic problem. and it's important that we solve it for, you know, everyone through strong labor demand. and that's going to help people who are low

skilled workers who are really answers and who are traditional players. i think it's, it's, it's really narrow. it's really missing the point to see that is a problem that created by technology versus the problem that created by macroeconomic policy areas. and, you know, look around, you know, we're in a moment of very strong bargaining power for low skilled workers. technology hasn't changed, you know, the low skill freelance employers haven't gone away, they're still their workers have more bargaining power because we did something about it in the macro economy and i think that's the right approach. and you know, so keep that in mind and also just keep in mind this tremendous diverse, you know, well, we're talking about high skilled, small business owners for a lot of these people want to work. i, i might, i work as skilled, but i also, i want, i want to say from a personal perspective as, as a child of immigrants, high skilled immigrants. i can tell you from, from, you know, the, for decades of my life, what it was like for my father to be

a small business person and why he chose to be a small business person. and it was not because he had these sort of entrepreneurial desires. it was because he was locked out as a high skilled worker of a labor market where he might enjoy full time employment. my enjoy a pension might enjoy security. and as a result, despite the fact that i had heis high skilled parents, i lived a very, very precarious life. well, i mean, so there are ways in which, in their ways, in which, and which technology, you know, up work for example here is, is facilitating a race to the bottom for folks who, who, and who you call high skill workers. you could also imagine a, a policy at the firm level in which you helped facilitate high wages instead of facilitating people competing against each other for really, really the scraps at the bottom of the,

the bear. i guess what i'm interested in both of you is when you look at what is a healthier economy, look like that actually takes those workers on the lower end that precarious side and gives them opportunities through training or support to, to, to have ascension in the economy. as is, is that a fair question? is i just wonder? in a world where we've seen inequality widen so dramatically? what should we be doing as responsible policy makers to look at how we bridge the gap and begin creating an engine that moves people from one end of the spectrum where venus talking about to the other end, where adam is talking about. and we're actually people, if they want to basically have flexibility they can, but they're not living paycheck to paycheck with, you know, where $400.00 can, you know, sabotaged their whole, you know, economic situation. but, i mean, let me ask adam 1st and then vina to comment on the adam. sure, the most important thing we can do is have a phone employment economy. that's the single most important thing to do. and you

saw the negative effects of that in the aftermath of great recession. and you, you've seen it, you know, quite a bit over the last 2 decades, including, you know, after the tech level, we really haven't had a tight labor market in 20 years. that's the single most important thing we can do . and, you know, you can look around today and see, you know, short previews of what that look like when we get there. other important policies are the earned income tax credit is great policy to help increase take home pay for low income workers. the affordable care act was really important step towards creating more health care access. i think that they're saying we can do to strengthen that in my mind. you know, a full employment strong economy is the single best policy that we can pursue and support not to take our ball. but again, when we been near a full economy before, we still had widening inequality. so is there, so what's missing? so the week is i'll by what you set on full employment. but, but we've had that, you know, we're near that before. what would be the dimensions that we,

we should add to it to, to try to bring so that the gaps aren't whitening inside, which have political dimensions, right? we saw that in recent elections in virginia and elsewhere. so i'm just sort of issues. are there any other pieces of scaffolding than you think we should consider? and then i'll jump the vina. so the 2 pieces of scaffolding are, you know, wage subsidies for low income workers. and you know, in addition to a robust welfare state, you know, food stamps are important component that to, that. those are important things to do in portable health care, but we haven't had phone. and i think we would agree with that. we have not had full employment over the last 20 years. the last time we had a full employment economy was late, 990 s. and we started to get closer to one prepared demick. and what we saw was that wages at the bottom, the spectrum started to come up, measures of inequality started to improve and we were moving in the right direction . and you know, the important thing is that we get back there faster. and then we not take a decade to do it like we did last time. so a tight labor market is not everything, but it's

a lot. and it does move those aggregate statistics we want to move and it was starting vina, your thoughts? i think that we need to fundamentally shift the power between capital and labor over the last 70 years since the passage of taft hartley. it has been very, very difficult for workers in this economy to organize in this country to organize, unlike any other industrialized nation in the world. there are policy prescriptions that are on the table in congress right now. the pro act, which would make it much easier for workers to organize, much easier to have a seat at the bargaining table to raise their for their, their wages, their working conditions within the firm. of course, a tight labor market isn't everything. if workers still don't have the ability to collectively bargain to collectively organize, to push for the kind of world that they want, not just in their own lives, but in all of our lives. let me take it one step further and just get it. you know,

kind of, i ask what a medic question is when i ask a medic question, i'm not talking about facebook, but i am going to ask a medic question. and i'm going to ask this question about how americans think about work from your perspective. because, you know, when you kind of look at what we've gone through in the last 4 years, which is kind of an anti immigrant bias that i think has become part of the american political scene. you know, i sort of look at america as being the very successful brain date, brain drain problem for the rest of the world. it was also the muscle drain problem, yet people on both ends of the spectrum coming in to do the work that a lot of americans didn't want to do. but you also had very smart people from other parts of the world. perhaps like venus parents coming in and going into us universities and whatnot and adding to the mixture. i mean, do you think that part of the dysfunction we see in the u. s. economy today to short form has been, you know, essentially a, we have a change attitude towards work in america, but we're not letting people in that we need to help be part of this economic

equation. you know, i think him immigration is a huge part of the american success story. it's important. let immigrants and i don't think that later labor, short years, we're seeing primarily or even significantly about you know, lack of immigration because it's important to understand that when immigrants move to this country, they bring both supply and demand, they buy and they consume in our economy. and they do work on our end, you know, that's a really big, big picture truth about immigration. and it's important not to just think of them. you know, it's, it's simply coming here to work. there. they start businesses, they're innovators, they're entrepreneurs, and they're also consumers. and so i don't, i don't think that's really what we're seeing in the economy right now is decline. immigration, however, i do think that decline immigration is, is a huge negative for the long run. the economy, i mean, i know, you know, the things that the, you know, we're dealing with this, you know, 70 year downward flight and increase in for clarity. but the fact of matter is more

people want to move to the united states. one move to any other country in the world. this is still a place where you can find good work and, and make progress. and it's a very desirable location whether we should have more people come to the and i'm going to give you the last word. sure. i mean, i, i largely agree with that. i think that we shouldn't understand, however, from a political and social perspective, immigration primarily through the lens of, of labor. this isn't just about the economy. people come here for political freedoms, social freedoms, for, for the ability to, to live and speak in, in ways that, that feel true to them. and many people, unfortunately, are also are also leaving. we found in the last 8 years, a lot of people, lot of people left to go back to their home country. immigration isn't also necessarily desirable people. people leave because they have to leave because they need something that feels more free. that is more free and, and so we,

as we think about, as we think about immigration and work, it's also really, really important to think about the other dimensions of, of our society and what's happening with them. there's a real, a real sort of meeting here between labor and, and freedom of association, freedom, freedom of speech, all of these issues. and i think that they need to be seen and worked on together. and that i think is particularly important when we think about about label organizing and unionization, a lot of these, a lot of these issues sort of get worked out and dealt with when, when people have more power, when low income people that have more power. when immigrants have more power, we can build and continue to build the kinds of robust rights and civil liberties and, and protections that we want for all. well, well, thank you to you both. these are real big issues and i should remind our audience there are real human lives and families behind these issues. i'm glad we got to, to, to talk about the human dimensions of, of the future of work out of him at chief economist at up work in vena do ball law

professor at the university of california hastings. thanks so much for your candor and your thoughts today. thank you so much for having a so what's the bottom line? it was happening before, but the coven pandemic force billions of people to shift their work, their relationships just about their whole lives on line these days. as long as there's a huge gap and employment, and jobs are everywhere in the united states, workers have just a temporary bit of power, but benefits are under siege and the power of workers is shrinking. even if you see people quitting to become door dash drivers with flexible hours. the truth is that the cards are still stacked against today's workers. technology opens up opportunities, but it also breeds inequality, not just in india, but in indiana as well. right now too often instead of technology benefiting people, people are scrambling to benefit technology. and that's the bottom line. ah

ah, coveted beyond, with taken without hesitation, fulton died for power defines aloud the launch loop babies were doin, i did it not for your benefit. it's neglected babies to deck people and power investigates, exposes, and questions they use and abuse of power around the globe. on al jazeera, some people marry for love of is it can be a commercial transaction. what in your ass i'm in florida? 3700 euro payment just for the march condron algae, 0 world meets men and women using marriage as an illegal passport to europe. we know history so they can get registered for attempts to get organized cham marriage

at a financial and emotional cost. but then he left me for a woman 33 years older than him. marriage for sale on al jazeera. oh, how fast the time for the check on the headlines here at al jazeera, another joke that she's back in detention as an immigration hotel. after the visa was provoked for a 2nd time, the tenant stance expected to appeal the decision at a hearing on sundays a day before the straight and open begins. joke if it visa was 1st canceled after questions over his visa exemption were res, but the decision was overturned, which prompted in turn and intervention by the immigration minister. he argued, joke of its presence, could be a health risk and encourage anti vaccine sentiments. in other news.