gargling with disappearing glaciers. peru is investing in desalination to make up for the loss of fresh water and chile hopes to create artificial glaciers in the andes. but that won't be enough. we don't want all the classiest about. we want to last as long as possible. and the fact that there's 20 percent less i stole the matee glass is if nothing else changes means that they'll disappear 20 percent sooner. we don't want to be in a situation where there's no ice left on that we want to preserve the ice on that. now, overnight becomes a more difficult challenge, a challenge those most affected hope the world will accept. join woof out as you. ah, this is al serra and these are the top stories here as president joe biden is valid to shut down a crucial russian gas pipeline to germany. if moscow invades ukraine. comments came

as german chancellor of schultz visit washington, germany, the united states together of the allies and partners are working closely together to pursue diplomatic resolutions of the situation. and diplomacy is the very best way forward for all sides. we both agree, including best. so for russia in our view, and we have made a very clear, we're ready to continue talks in good faith with russia. germany has also been a leader in pushing de escalation of tensions and encouraging dialogue with through the normandy format. but if russia makes the choice to further invade ukraine, we are jointly ready, and all of nato is ready. and in moscow, russian president vladimir fusion meant his french counterpart. when you were com futon said he hoped that war could be avoided. she hasn't a serious fusion, if you would be, the president preferred to come to russia to share opinions about what we should do next. and some of his ideas and proposals about which i think are too early to

speak. but i think these ideas could form a basis for our further and joint steps. hong kong is saying record karone of ours cases calling into question. it's strict 0 coven strategy. measures remain in place, including flight bands targeted, locked alms and business restrictions. oh, a canadian court is banned truck is from sounding their horns and central ottawa is part of a crackdown on an 11 day long anti government protest by truck is the so called freedom convoy began as a protest against a coven hunting vaccine mandate. the cross border drive it's israel's police chief is asked for an independent inquiry of the reports that his offices use, the controversial pegasus spy with to target citizens. the pegasus program has been used to spiral human rights activists, journalists, and politicians around the world. what was the headline selby?

more news here on al jazeera right off the inside story. i'll see you soon. bye for now. ah. a new research gives precedent of insight into the frozen corners of our wealth. scientists say there's less water and ice in the globe. glaciers than we thought. so with this alter the way we manage the effects of climate change, this is inside story. ah

hello, welcome to the program, i am hashem, abala. we've been given a clear but mixed picture of the wells glaciers. the institute of environmental jr . signs and dartmouth college have put together a revealing atlas. it shows glaciers, hold less ice and fresh water than previously thought. so that shouldn't add as much as fear to rising sea levels. but the overall trend of warming and loss remains unchanged. south america, as tropical andes, mountains for example, were found to have nearly a quarter less of ice. the darker colors show where glaciers are mounting the fastest though more positive for sea levels. the research has gloomy implications for drinking water, agriculture, and power generation in places that depend on glaciers. ah,

let's bring in our gas in hanover new hampshire. matthew oregon, distinguished professor of sciences, our dartmouth college and cool. thought of the report in zurich. professor daniel finding out is chair of less eulogy of this west federal institute of technology in brussels to funds anger, senior climate science and global energy policy advisor of the climate action network international welcome to the program. matthew, the retreat of ice sheets and glaciers has been closely monitored over the last few years. this time with the new reports suggesting there's less ice in the glaciers and less fresh water. is it just consolidation, consolidating the belief that this is something which is linked to a global warming? so this is a great question. first i would like to put things maybe a bit of context and we're talking here about mountain glaciers. so we basically

have land ice that's between the glaciers are involved in balance and the big green and, and, and hot. so why this number of 20 percent may sound like a lot if you present about 600 meters of sea level rise. whereas one single glacier in poly got alone with leisure that you may have heard of, sometimes referred to tuesday. sure. we'll add 2 feet to the ocean. so in terms of sea level implications, this number is actually pretty small. the sea level is going to continue to rise and it's, it's rising as a, as an increasing rate. now, something that people may not realize is that we still know very little about the place. sure that we have in the mountains. there is 200000 of them distributed around the globe, and it's notorious difficult to predict their future because we feel a lack of,

you know, basic knowledge of their geometry how big they are, how big they are. we've had a lot of progress over the past 3040 years, been satellite and, and so we've been using this to try to better understand how much we have. let good, daniel says we're trying to build together the knowledge about what is happening. is this something which is happening over the last few years, decades or this is something that was linked to the global warming, the started with the industrial revolution you are referring to the trend doing and while this is certainly something that has not started in the last couple of days or years is in the us, you mention something to start a more or less since then the theory of illusion. so since mankind has started to make that greenhouse gases and that way elevate that rate. so this has been ongoing

for 150 years or so and if you so wish at this stage we are bit paying the price of all this emissions that we have caused to fun because we will definitely go into details about this whole aspects of the report the reason why i asked the question about about the when the temperature rose by one percent and 11 celsius, sorry, with the industrial revolution, if you have those who will tell you that the, the glaciers and, and the ice, she's so survived previous warnings. why should we be concerned down? yeah, because it's nonsense. to be honest. um, because you have national and i say just cycles. i'm scared by the sun. i'm not getting no detail here. that happens. that happens every 100200000 years. last i said was 50000 years back. where much of the group was covered was ice. the sea

level, for instance, worse about 50 meters to 50 meters, lower, etc, etc. and certain parts of the globe. and then it has melted and went into another warming ages. so it's, it's, it's a complete different dynamics we're seeing here. this is caused by c o 2. this is caused by global greenhouse gases science s as identified this very, very clearly as a major driver for exponential magic, we don't have a linear melting with an exponential magic. right? we losing about from the glaciers and not only from the glaciers also from greenland until arctic are what most of the sea level rise comes from. losing a couple of 100000000000 tons of ice beer on a net based flint total here for the amount of ice last. it's much higher than the reformation of ice. in this case, yes. including those case yes. which has been covered in the study which are the terrestrial mountain dishes. the difference between those leisha types are simple. ice lost in greenland or an unlocked car will get into the sea. and it's

lost and it's lost because it, it, it's, it's, the salting was, was the water was it? but it's not drinkable where escalation, ma'am elias, for instance, are one of the biggest sources for fresh water agriculture, forestry ecosystems, for hundreds of millions of people in the highly populated areas of south asia. is that a scandal or is it that is reduced? there's a problem, this huge pro, okay, not here. so when you think about the almost 2000000000 people living and relying on water, the flows from the glaciers in the himalayan region. what's next? if we can not reverse the trend, it looks like a catastrophic scenario for this population. well, these, these communities will have to adapt to, you know, change date, especially during the drive event. they will have the water coming from the gate or is helping them with agriculture,

the drinking water power production. so they will have to rely on other sources. so our hope is that policymakers take these new numbers into account and revise how they change the way we do things today. her daniel in one indifferent regions of the world with sin, what's called now the river piracy when because of a erosion and because of the retreat of the, of the glaciers water on rivers are really directed in, in high mountains, from region to region. do those local populations have to readjust to this new reality? do they have to think about new sources of water management? i'm not sure about the new sources in the sense that there is no water reservoir to be discolored. so we know where the, what there is and how much is out there in the study that has just been conducted

by a professor modeling him and colleagues basically tells us better how much of the more there is. so i think what, what the study can help with is to design policies by which is the amount of water . now we know with a 30 is there, how can it be used, monsieur? this story is to find this, this report in the past that says that even if countries managed to curve greenhouse gas emissions by 2202051 3rd of the himalayan glaciers will dis disappear. how we have the tipping point here, the, the big elephant in the room, the tipping points. we do not know what was a critical points when ecosystems. in this case of water systems, the glacial sheets would change to what's in, recollect. we do not know this in detail, but we have very, very strong concerns. the scientists and yours that this might happen around 1.5

degrees celsius, global warming, which was consider the survival temperature threshold for most wonderful communities. for frederick nature, for sustainable production, for forestry powder, it gets cetera, cetera. and we're not there yet. but the, but the, but the gap to what's 1.5 c is very, very narrow. and we might see tripping points on other areas which might accelerate tipping points. again, another ecosystems on that might be kind of running development, which might be not very nice. we need to keep in mind it's a common legacy and our most year we currently have a carbon concentration of c 2 concentration atmosphere. but it's probably the highest since between 8 and 10000000 years would be no problem. ologist. mankind was not, there was a parents came on earth only 600000 years ago and now and it takes time. there's a time like also until the cover legacy of the come on in the atmosphere of its

last very long up and yes, well will develop unfold it's effect on global warming and the african climate change. even if you would use emissions significantly. now, even if you would use that significantly now, we still see a growing though not strong as now. warming and we might even exceed 1.5. see, but then afterwards we go down significantly to meet the survivor. talk about 1.5. see hopefully that we lost 40 us. ok. massey says we're trying to get a sense of what is exactly happening. so we're talking about 2 different aspects here . the us sheets and the potential impact on the sea level and the glaciers on the mountains of the potential for massive impact on local populations in terms of access to fresh water energy and so on and so forth. now i'd like to ask you this question, particularly about the ice, she's, how is it melting and what pace are we talking about the ice sheet on top of the

land mass or just the one which is on the very i just embracing the oceans. so the overall i see both renan and tarika are losing mass and widespread is not just where it's meeting the ocean. it's also extreme. and we've been looking at this for the past 3 for decades using different instruments using satellites. and we know that the triggering mechanism in tarika is the ocean. so we have one occurrence that are depths, 30400 meters below the surface. that used to stay away from the h and with climate change with changes in wind patterns. this water is now making its way and melting the ice, the filling ice from below. and that has implications in terms of dynamics in terms of how much isomers fall into the ocean every year. now this is for antonio, a half of the mass loss is due to a warning of the ocean and have the mass loss is just due to the fact that we have

longer summers. we have a longer amount season. so we have, we have also more snow that's now become falling in the form of rain. so we have less ice coming into greenland every year. so overall they are both using a lot of mass and this mass was increasing year after year a to follow it, maybe on different point i can be re with what he said. i think it's, it's we watching here a disaster in slow motion and the glaciers are going to continue to to melts. now we still have control on future rates, as nascar, yes, they're going to continue to disappear. but we still have control on how much we can try to preserve in the future. done yeah. what does it mean with the glaciers received what kind of impact that we have on the, on the climate on the earth itself. before we go into detail about its impact on the, on the human population. well, 1st of the impact on time,

it isn't date the effect of glacial in relation retreat and especially st. retreat can have an impact itself on climate change. and the way you need to picture this is the technicians, white, so glacier and no light. and so they're able to reflect the tech space a significant portion of the radiation that we get from the some. so if you remove the glaciers because they melt, the surface will give rise to a much darker surface because instead of ice, you will have rocks or whatever con, confirm underneath them. and this will absorb more of this energy that we get from the sun. because increasing the temperature locally and increase temperature, you will melt location. so i would repeatedly show you more and this ends up being a feedback. so this is important for glaciers about it is very important. those are for other part of what we call the cry. here, so fun, for example,

see eyes to see if they're ice that you form a top on top of the ocean. it's during winter and this is exactly the same, so they are white to reflect a lot of sunlight. and if you start shrinking out, you will absorb more heat and so make everything warmer to fun. is this an indications that will likely to see more severe storms floods, long fire because of drought in the near future? i fully fully believe that this will happen unfortunately. i mean, we're getting next week in the start of a new round of the scientists discussing a new international science report from you. i p. c. c, which looks at the impacts one or ability and adaptation and a major part of that, that report which will come out in 2 weeks or so. so, so long approval process, which will come out. we'll look into the impacts of enhanced melting of and how

the level rise. and it will look also into so called soft limits to the patient and heartland instead of patient. and i cannot tell you much about this because of what i said. it's not in the grid here, but the point is the obvious. you see, the scientists make very clear certain limits that a patient might be shifting over time because mankind develops technologies and a patient as possible. but they also heart limits. really hot limits. not only the temperature change, but also the sea level rise. we talk about sea level rise here and to melting melting is happening currently exponentially. i see level rice shopping exponentially and we know from the science on the, on the physical science. but all the projections also by the i p c. c, which has been given in the last few years, might be all to law. that might be, might be, i'm not, i'm not looking in the big crystal ball here. what might be the risk on that sea

level rise might have much faster. we go over 2 meters by 2100, which was much higher than it's projected even under worst case scenarios. that might happen. and the opposite. he's looking into that one. what that meets, what does it mean for the patient? it's for people will if and coastal areas in low lying island states in cities, we have about the majority of people will live from 2015 cities, which are related to coastal areas. i took to sea level, which was pretty low. and that is the majority of people living. yeah, not. you know when it was a challenge with? sure, matthew, when you look at those grim details about the glaciers and the ice sheets, what is there anything that we can do to reverse that trend? the better thing we can do is reduce our carbon emissions. i think it's the triggering mechanism. whatever you look at, you know, warning, nothing of the she's shrinking as the ice in the arctic ocean. as an indication of

this comes back to carbon emissions and how much carbon we have here. so the sooner the faster we reduce our missions in the atmosphere, the better well b, danni a say, see how the, the risk of many, many cities all over the world wish wish to be submerged because they are coastal areas. and then you have the glaciers, which are receiving glaciers, feed rivers, which are a gate cross which feed human beings all over the world. with talking about in a magazine here we're only is the world comes together with the most powerful industrial nations coming together to solve it. we're just, we're just doomed in one way or another. daniel yeah. what basically agree to what you said. so we are facing a challenge that far beyond being solvable for individual actors. an individual knows nations. so as much correctly said, i mean it comes,

it boils down to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, emissions, and this has to do with the way we produce matters. so materials, so how or inter see works it has to do with the way we keith or houses and to generate that kind of carmel energy for what they, what we needed for it has to do in the way we using land surfaces. so how much emissions recall from there it has to do with the way we, we nourish ourselves of what kind of we we have. and finally, it has to do with the way we generating energy from what they were. we were being moving around, lighting houses, et cetera. and this, we agree is something that cannot be soft but into a person's. it's indeed kind of a global undertaking. stephanie, have those skeptics would say that you see the problem with the scientists is that you use climate modeling and you use data comparisons to bring about those grim

reminders about a doomsday when in fact the earth has his own way of regenerating that one day. you know what will get a new cold cycle. the ice sheets will be with the glaciers will be referred to. there will be more snow covering the earth, and life will start fresh again. well eventually, if we manage to face out fossil fuels pretty soon, because you too is the main greenhouse gas on which causes the main damage in the atmosphere for global warming at some point in time. at some point in time, the ice might come fully back. that's why we need at the meantime, strong adaptation as well. but we need also lawson damage. we need to basically compensate those poor environmental defenders and communities would directly affect it. and mostly those communities which one of the resilience, which one of the results to defend themselves, most of the see, must have before. cities might be submerged before cities are being submerged. if

you look at cities in developing countries, more settlements a close to the see. there the small villages people live and have no air conditioning, or partly electricity. those are, how shall i say, subsidiary, existences. they will be the 1st to be flushed away, drill prost if the poor poor and in developing countries which are close to the see living in more savings, the rich countries. we can that in one way or the other, we might be able to move to another house to another flat higher up in the mountains or so. the poor cannot do that. they don't have the means to that to do that. that's a human tragedy. your face and to say, well, i will all come back, the ice will come back. by that time you've lost millions of people, probably. ok if last what security we off last boy diversity. i think that's very important to keep in mind. it's a contract or we do was issues which are short time,

very short on into logical spheres, in geological fears, long term. yes. might all come back. i rou, city will not come back against the back over to what we've been talking about. matthew, do you think that renewable energy technology could be a key to some of the problems that we are facing? we're talking about, they are, they have the potential to produce clear energy and move the way that move us away from the fossil fuel. i do things i think is part of the solution. i think, you know, we always say we didn't get out of stone age because we ran out of stones. if at the same idea here, our entire economies are based on fossil fuel and green and greener energy, new technologies are helping shifting this towards something that's more sustainable. so part of the solution will be developing new technologies that are less, that requires that energy or, you know, run on an interesting set of gas. but we also have to think about how much we as

individuals consume in terms of energy in terms of food. and you know, if everybody wants an i phone a car once the meet twice a day, it will be a cost associated to this. and we have to look at every possible options here to try and reduce as much as we can, the emission of carbon into the atmosphere, the ice volume, or daniel. now, when we're talking about the glaciers. if the, if a continuous retreating with the same pace that we're talking about now, could it trigger and environmental imbalance that could be catastrophically severe nothing, pet assured, understand the question, if you asking whether something catastrophic could help at this by continuing ice met at this rate i must reply back to something that was said pushed f and earlier

. and the problem is not that the ice rate happens, then something happens that the problem is that the ice melting is kind of exponentially increasing and especially the system. so the climate system has some point that are what we call non linear. so say if you have want the earth by one degree, and now you're at another degree, it doesn't mean that you will say the same effect of in the 1st degree. so the effect of the 2nd degree may be way where are different and this is basically what, what stepping points are about. so we are approaching, we think that in many sectors of climate system or kind of earth system as old. we're reaching the point that we cannot come back from them, or at least not in the human relevant timescales. to fans and danielle thought. naughty matthew mulligan, thank you very much. it is, i really appreciate your insights and thank you for watching. you can see the program again, any time by visiting our website and just, you know,

dot com for further discussion. go to our facebook page, thus facebook dot com forward slash a jane sites. so you can also jane the conversation on twitter. our hand that is at a jane site for me and the entire team here and bye for now. the ah and the corona virus has been indiscriminately selecting its victories. it's devastating effects of plague, every corner of the globe, transcending class creed and color. but in britain, a disproportionately high percentage of the fallen have been black or brown skins.

the big picture traces the economic disparities and institutional racism that is seen united kingdom fail, it citizens, britain's true colors pop 2 on al jazeera. what we do at al serra is try to balance this story and leave the people who allow us into their lives, dignity and humanity. ah

ah full. ah, i'm kim fidel in doha, with the top stories on al jazeera u. s. president joe biden has threatened to shut down a crucial russian gas pipeline to germany. if moscow invades ukraine, is comments came, is german chancellor, all of schultz visited washington. if russian rage, that means tanks or troops crossing the border of ukraine's again,

there are no, there will be we, there will be no longer a nor stream to we will bring an end.