to us for the year and detention with a travel been also on the plane leading iran a new she assured lee, a retired civil engineer. his family also called for his urgent release after he was arrested the spying in 2017, a charge he denied against this. there was a question of a $530000000.00 debt. the u. k. owed for not completing a deal involving the sale of tanks and military equipment to that then ruler, the shove, burton's phone secretary acknowledged the government has paid the debt without contravene the sanctions imposed by western countries. but for now reunited nathanael and her family will look forward to a future together. lore about manly, unto theorem. ah, hello again, the headlines and al jazeera moscow has denied targeting

a theater and maria pole where the word children was written outside. ukraine says hundreds of people were sheltering there before was hit by an air strike. the exact number of casualties is not yet known. at least one person has been killed after part of an intercepted missile had an apartment walking ukraine's capital. keith. moscow has kept up its bombardment of ukraine cities, even as talks between the 2 sides. progress in one con has more. well, once again, it was just after dawn when those russian missiles were flying over, keep ukrainian air defenses actually intercepted one of the missiles and fragments of it fell into a residential neighborhood killing one a once again. these attacks had taken place early in the morning or against residential buildings, or at least flying over, in this case, a residential building, a place that you see football pictures. you see kids play grounds. you see no kind of military around. we've been seeing this for the last 4 days now. ukraine's

president has told german politicians that his country is all that stands between europe and tyranny. and a virtual address to germany, parliament voluntary zalesky accuse russia trying to wipe out the ukrainian people . you as president joe biden has called leonard pinson, a war criminal. the kremlin says those comments are unacceptable and unforgivable that followed ukraine's president. addressing the u. s. congress on wednesday, nato reiterating it will be sending troops to ukraine, that after poland again called on the organization to deploy a peacekeeping mission. their defense minister is meeting in brussels on wednesday, says they plan to post more troops and eastern europe to build up a permanent base. we'll have more news coming your way at the top of the hour under 30 minutes time up next, it's the stream. thanks for watching. bye bye. for now. talk to al jazeera. we ask, do you believe that the threat of an invasion of ukraine is currently the biggest

threat international peace and security? we listen, we are focusing so much on the humanitarian crisis that we forget the long term development we meet with global news makers. i'm talk about the stories that matter on al jazeera nazareth, the home of jesus christ has long drawn pilgrims and visitors from around the world . hundreds of years. it's old city rang to the sounds of shopkeepers and crops. people this century though sounds of dwindled. a handful of businesses struggling on, but hearing that splashes of color show signs of a fight. risen zombies, at any decided to renovate an old warehouse and to work and live in the old city with a mission. if more and another for openness that their work that kitty is was talking again actually opened my young palestinian is really, designers and entrepreneurs have been moving in, inspired by earlier artists to let them on. once there were 450 businesses

operating in the old city, now there are just 50. the old cities always being the heart of nazareth. now a growing group of residence wants to get it beating again. it will come back because the city still have very much for i i'm josh rushing in for me. okay. and you're in the stream. what's being done to through russian does information on ukraine. moscow has been turning out falsehoods and propaganda since before the war. so what's different now? here's what 2 experts told us. i have been researching the russian does information since 2014. but what they see now it differs from every sent out i have ever seen. i see a huge, massive wave of information coming from russian state me, dest channels, and social media. this is not the distance formation. this is completely new reality put in, and his cronies,

preparing for russian people. that is why it is so necessary to bring to, to bring the real data on what is happening here in ukraine. the biggest challenge when it comes to spotting disinformation about the ongoing, more new crane is just the sheer amount of information that spreading online and off the conflict. things can really develop quickly during more time things shipped on the battlefield in a 2nd. and even when it comes to accurate information, that information can be completely obsolete or misleading. by the time you're sharing it potentially hours later. here to help us spot some of that, this information we have marina param and nova, is a buyer. a strategic communication specialist whose work focuses on spotting miss and disinformation. also joining us gregory asthma off. he's a lecture keane's college in london and a scholar in the phil's digital entrepreneurship marketing and crisis communication

. and last but not least, rob blackie, a digital strategist who devised a plan to get news and information directly to the russian, people are welcome everyone. oh yeah. one more seat at the table. i want to tell you about, and that's you. you're invited to be a part of this conversation. see that box over there. we have a live producer waiting to get your questions and thoughts to me so i can go to our panelist and that way you to can be in the stream. all right, marina, tell us what, what our russian seeing right now, how our success was this was because to me it seems like there's 2 worlds that exist. there's a world that's watching a war happen. and then there's russia, what are they seeing in russia now? absolutely. i think we would echoes the point that we just see so much different information being shared and it's really hard for people to make sense of it. i think most of their recent defamation attempts on

the russian side has been justifying the war. busy so it would range from like, you know, this new conspiracy about bio lab funded by the us to do anything else really. and i think it's kind of interesting because i think russia is torn between 2 opposites. they kind of want to, you know, reviews, anything that is connected to the west. they would say they were, for example, like if and so on. and they international or their and so on. and they international or they're in, they, they ice is created by the west. so by expansion, it is kind of stuff. but at the same time, they're trying to justify the invasion within this international order. so they used like a tourist with that from international law to justify that, you know, the invasion, they would say no, it was installed defense because the ukraine was planning an attack and things like

that. so they're kind of torn. they don't know what they're doing that kind of against the international or their and against the west, but they're also trying to play the role martin can like to know how to hell and i'm for me. this is on my computer. it's in russian. can you read that? yes, so the moscow is that essentially stopping that or that what has been going on for 8 years and it was waste by if there's those arrows similar? yes. yes, it or similar headline ending a war by sending 200000 troops on 3 different access points and into a nation. i was a marine for a long time, and then i became a war correspond for a long time and i've never seen a war ended that way. that looks like the beginning of a war to me. like, i don't, it's kind of old. well, you know how you can take something that uses exact opposite meaning, but how successful gregory, can they actually be in this day and age with the internet? like, it seems like the internet has kind of globalization of free information. how,

how can you stop it? i think from the very 1st day of this war, russia failed very information for on the inclination level. the major challenge for the russian authorities is the internal legitimacy of this conflict from the point of view of the russian audience. because they want to show that this is a just, or that this is a board that needs to be managed to. it's actually not the floor, but they're just immediately reparation on the claim. and for that purpose, they rely on 3 elements. the 1st element is using formation, very intensive measures for the state sponsored to be the 2nd element of this campaign, it relies on the installation of the russian audience from external independent sources. and finally, now we see that because of the situation in russia from going, i'm going to get in force and because there are more information about casualties still, they try to conceal this information from the russian public. it seems that now this campaign also relies on immunization and here, because just today,

president put in said that there are many traitorous laws and we need to punish them. so it seems that when propaganda stops working, more space for punishing and terror from the kremlin towards the russian public. but you know, the way the internet works, it's not so easy to control. rob, i'm going to, if we can show my computer here, i want the audience to see this. this article says activists are using and to sneak real news to russians about ukraine. rob, can you tell me about this? show? driving me. futon is terrified for truth. this huge gap between what he is telling russian people and a reality and the cause of fact he's had to crush the independent media and he's had to try and access to independent news for russians. and one of the things we book is there's a huge loophole in the censorship. i'm at lou policy can still advertise on russian websites. and we've actually gone out and we found loads of loopholes and

essentially fit. and we're showing millions of ads every day to help russians find independent news about what's going on in the war and you cry. and so we can actually find out news for watching the ads. but also if you're clicking on the ad and doing something else so so far, just in the last 2 weeks, we shun our ads. more than 27000000000 times. i've been clicked on more than 64000 times. so, so far we managed to get through and people seem to be really interested in the apps. and you can tell her interested because that was a video. they watch him right to the end. and when they get the opportunity to click on something, they click much higher, right? you know, the expense or the dislodge that seems to be getting through to people. and i think that's ready because russian people are really interested to find out what's going on at some level, lots of adding whites and rub. how do you know the news that you're showing them?

is true. what sources are you using? well, we have advises from a reason, russian speakers, speakers who lives in all sorts of countries who take independent high quality new sources. and we use those as our basis of what we saw people. i'm going to bring in a question from you to hear. this is, it says, what's the difference between misinformation and false information. marina i would say, will usually make a difference between misinformation and does not formation. and what makes the difference is misinformation. it is not done on purpose. you just, you know, read something somewhere and you may be, you know, pass it on, but you didn't mean for it can be actually false or this information is done with times. and that's exactly what we're saying from the kremlin. yeah. and speaking the quick carmen gregory, can you talk to me a bit about the steps that putin has taken to crush any kind of descent or free information in russia since the war began?

so we see a lot of different measures and some of the measures were prepared in advance. but we can see that there are a lot of new forms of legislation that allows these to punish those who are trying to communicate any type of messages that are not according to the official sources . so if you say no more, it's illegal and even independent media is not able to say no war anymore. so the legal aspect is one is just easily yes, sorry, hold on. just wait cuz you're saying you're not allowed to say no warning more. i want to bring in this video that we have of a producer at channel one in russia, marine off see, and a cova here took this out. so then we have to check when i do see that one still around precise norbish. i honestly shall you, friday to saturday night. i mean, best with anything you. those is given me a picture to another city afternoon, still around with on the city shanghai friday to saturday night. so she's risking i

years in prison for that. right. what are we going to santa rob? i'll just go say the interesting thing is censorship tends to be quite stupid. so he attends a band. i would like wal mart. they often forget to ban all the other words that mean. ready rule or different ways of saying, or even subjects that implies a wall might be bad. so for instance, lots of people rush right now asking how can they emigrate or why am i energy prices so high? and so has a lot of ways round which censorship, i'm way of finding those every day. and of course, those sensors tend to only look to the lugs, but they've been told to ban, not just everything. and in reality, for russian societies keep a functioning, they have to have the internet still going. they have to have the internet, they've already set up instagram. wow. that's true. but if you are terrible, if you're a flower shop talking to your customers. but if you are running actual refinery,

you will probably need to order parts from china. i don't even hold to see on the internet. so russia can't switch off the internet entirely. i'm not so nice a huge loophole for us to go for it. i think the main message from marina of some color that we can see just now very brave on the russian to be, is the not only about the just say no war, but the people should not fear, ambition, not afraid to manifest attitudes towards what's going on because it seems that many people in russia share some kind of understanding that something wrong is going on there, but they're really afraid and all this new and also she received. if i was in trouble so fine for what she did, but to be several people who are actually received a notice about criminal investigation. and then they may face up to 15 years in jail for saying something which is not according to the russian official version. so i think that the major challenge now it's not only about propaganda, but also trying to convince people that the vision will be concerned mentioned, the fear to protest against what's happening. so marina,

here's some more questions from you to how can we distinguish factual news from war, propaganda from both parties that are within the conflict? and here's another one that says, in order to thwart, do we need to know the history of russian disinformation practices? let's separate those 2, but i'd actually like to get into the history of this a little bit. and that's a longer discussion. so can you talk about, how can we tell the actual news from war propaganda on both sides? marina, i would also like to add to the previous discussion a little bit on how we've seen the independent outlets trying to avoid the sort of the ship and how they, for example, adopt the language of the crime limp use it for a for example, with a mark, or they said so called special operation, though it technically they know, you know, going against the low, but they are, but they make it clear their position that they don't think it as a special operation is only as special information in quotation marks. in terms of

the factual information, i think it's always important to check your sources, you know, read multiple sources. i'm sure like, especially with this war there is so much checking going on so much like the banking going also is important to always check that. and i think in terms of russian propaganda, especially, i think we're seeing the same kind of, you know, tactics to was like a motive language, for example. they would, you know, use like this. it was like not says kia, kia radicals or something like that. oh, it's a very clear sign that you know, you mentioned, oh, go ahead, go ahead. i was just gonna say, i also believe the truth is the best way to nakeila people. again told me. because if i, if, if everyone believes that huge, also wonderful person, whatever i say about you, isn't actually is going to bounce off people. and so i think the key thing is not

to spend all of our time explaining why the disinformation is wrong is actually that gives people the truth about what is happening. so if the wife time talking about why the bio lab conspiracy, cherry is rubbish, we're actually not spending that time telling people retrieve, but they're ready scandals, which has many russian soldiers verify the dying and ukraine to completely point this war. we had a couple members of our stream community centers and some video comments that i want to share with you guys as a lot of states sponsor disinformation being pushed around. and some of that is just aimed to create confusion and doubt in making people not sure what they can believe. the 2nd thing that's happening is conspiracy theories and narratives are starting to leak into the conversation. and then finally, there's a lot of slack of isn't going on. a lot of people don't know how to help, and they want to amplify positive things. they want to amplify important videos are things that seem like other people should know about,

but they're getting duped into quick likes and shares when they should be more careful. so when you come across these posts, especially ones that elicit a severe emotional response, it's important to take a step back, not to take the information at face value, but instead take time to research and to confirm your data. whether it's with media outlets or locally cranium sources. and if you come across post that you know is this information you can reported but do not interact with it. meaning, do you not re post, do not like do not comment because even if you are disagreeing with the content, you are still taking apart and spreading and giving it attention. right? so any engagement is engagement, even if you're disagreeing with it and you don't wanna engage with it at all. you know, one of the things that, that i found as i've reported on misinformation, to clean conspiracy theory is i think i had the i did that if you just give someone

the facts, they'll clearly see that, that they have been deceived. and they would easily believe what the facts are, but it can actually be quite difficult. it's almost like malware in the brain to, to deprogram this kind of disinformation. in fact, last week on the stream, we had an al jazeera english producer that's been producing about the warned ukraine for 8 years. she is ukranian, and she was saying, how difficult it was. she had a number of relatives in russia that she just couldn't get to believe her about the facts here. i want to share her her by with you did just want to be blind, you know they, they don't have access to the telegraph channels. and as far as understands the telegram channels will also be backwards and facebook are limited accessed, so the only which remnant propaganda come coming from the state media such as rest year russia, one 1st channel. so they just don't want to accept. so, and i keep sending messages when the, if i'm, if i will die,

is that my blood is on your consciousness on, on your, in your hands. so you just remember about that. i don't think they want to believe that. all right, i'm going to bring him one more question from our you tube audience. this is from francisco mora. what is a good source to listen to for russian news? i listen to american news, but need better sources to have less propaganda from both sides. i imagine gregory or, or marina, you might have some recommendations for where to get credible russia news i think it was like a challenge. you know, i gave it to both of you my fault. let's start with marina. thank so much. yeah, i guess it depends on what language you can consume this new as of course, if it's just english, i would still recommend, for example, me do that, which is the russian news source, but it's available in english. so i think it's just, you will be getting kind of russian perspective, but like independent russian perspective, if you, if you know russian language,

i think there are quite a few sources they can still be consuming. like for 1st up like, you know, a torch of l. a and russian, or again, me dues and russian, and so, so many other sources. and i think this franco to, i think they're very important point, is that it is very important time to support the russian language media right now, either a base in other countries, for example, i'm here and rica, and we have quite a few rational in which media outlets that try to accurately and timely cover the war or we should support other, you know, media outlets that base in russia. for example. like i said, it's still reporting in russia or some of the russian language media. others have left russia, but based on the europe. so it is very important that this information is accessible. and there, you know, gregory, looking at this hasn't, who had a lot of success with using disinformation internationally. i'm thinking about the

2016 us election. i'm thinking about the influence over the brakes. it vote, it seems to me like maybe his successes might of lead him to believe that this was going to be easier than it was or is. yeah, i think we're face a situation when actually at this point of time a russia even doesn't try russian authorities doesn't really try to win this information more internationally. so from this point of view, i think that the many assumptions by kremlin in the beginning of this conflict eventually wrong about the way this contract is going to developed. but let me just briefly say something because i really wanted to take this point from considering your producer that you mentioned, that there is a lot of conflicts now between generation, between parents and children, and this type of conflicts really prove and show that it's not enough just to provide an access to our information, to convince people it's much, much more challenging to address this type of problems. and we see

a lot of really painful conflicts, but then people right now. so i think what is really important, these to focus on that type of information to really meet challenge, the perception of the conflict. and i think the major type of this information is really information about the rational sort of this report. and just once official information about casualties among russian soldiers, there is a constant flow of information about kids from ukrainian sources about the russian side. but you from the russian audience will realize what price russia pays for the conflict. it will really challenge the state sponsor narrative. and now when put in preparing the exit strategy, it seems like the major next major challenge for russian propaganda is going to be hard to actually explain some kind of treaty that when we're facing to convince russian audience that this was a victory for russia. and this is going to be another challenge, and we shouldn't allow russian propaganda to convince russian audience that there was a victory club. how can they keep casualty numbers, maybe whole numbers, you could keep that secret. but as bodies come back and funerals happen and families talk to each other, doesn't the truth always get out?

i think it does slightly and obviously that was a problem. the union had been asked to stop in the 1980s, which was even with the repression of the soviet union. they really couldn't control. and i think now about apparently starting to happen a bit through local media and russia, where a local newspaper might report one or 2 people locally being killed in the one ukraine. and people gradually start this even start to realize it's quite a major. happens to somebody in that town, will somebody nearby and i think we'll get through. and i think also the parents themselves are going to be a very college group. it's a science because it's very, very hard to persuade a parent who's lost the child that they should have a shot off about that marina. i'm just curious. have you seen a shift in the messaging since both the war started?

cuz i believe that they thought this was going to go really quickly and they probably had a plan in place. but as this drags out, has he had to change his strategy on the information warfare? i think definitely, and as i mentioned, there is the efforts to justify the war kind of to the international audience. but there is definitely a lot of increased effort to justify the internal audiences in russia because it's becoming quite clear that it's not going according to the plan. it's being like very much dr. on and prolonged on the quick quick theory and quick, you know, success, put and proclaimed fish, and it's just not happening. and i want to bring in another question from you to hear. this is from hermes. how important is a consumer's preconceived bias in misinformation campaigns? gregory, can you, can you touch on that or rob? look, you want to jump in there. i guess, i guess we can see. yeah,

i think that we can see that generally the russian audience will consume in this type of propaganda for many years. so there was certainly some kind of bias because of the audience. they receive the same type of information for many years. it's just more kind of receptive, it's ready to be more vulnerable for this type of propaganda. and then that information audience and to send them again, that's the situation that we're face now when we need to think about more creative way to bypass it. so i really like what from does i think that also we can see some very interesting ideas about coming back to short waves and broadcasting for traditional old radio. we can also think about the role of satellite internet as well. so there are very creative and interesting technological ways to try to bypass this whole of censorship in order to make sure that we're still able to challenge the ration. but we're going to internally and it's worth remembering. people aren't consistent in that box is old. i believe none of us saw and say somebody might absolutely think ukraine is full of nazis about. they might also

think was a bad thing because too many people are being killed. i'm so some messages will resonate with some people by my office. i think part of the trick is to try a range of messages to find which one fits which one people are willing to listen to. and rob i have less than a minute here, but i'm just curious. if they figure out a way to block the pop up ads, do you have a plan b here? we've got many different ways of getting around a censorship. and so far we've actually been finding more ways to deliver advertising as our campaign has gone on, rather than fewer. so we seem to be running out running at least for now. i should go probably bills are one of them. thank you. thank you. i like to think all of my guest today on this show and i can tell you you've already found it. this is a source of real information. the truth lacrowe to 0 dot com. keep an eye on the stream. as we cover this developing story. i'll see you next on

ah frank assessments for china as well. bannister from the 0. call it strategy. if the rest, the world cannot get together informed opinions at all costs focused on needs. and on fridays from that statement, critical debate, why group would claims that nato constitutes an interest in chill threat to russia, but it's precisely his actions that's rated this insecurity in the region. in depth analysis of the days global headlines inside story on al jazeera dictatorships to democracies, activists to corporations, control of the message is crucial. oil companies have become very good at recognizing ways to phrase what they want you to hear. we care about the environment you do to issued by our oil cleared for public opinion or profit. once

you make people afraid, you can use that to justify stripping away basic civil liberties. the listening post examined the vested interest behind the content you consume on al jazeera ah a standing ovation for the ukrainian leader in the german parliament latimer, zalinski says russia is building a new wall against freedom. ah, you're wanting out. is there a light from a headquarters in ohio, eddie navigator also a heads? russia is accused of bombing a theater and merrier polar. more than a 1000 civilians were sheltering moscow denies attack against the russian army.