ship that the court's ruling are final and legally binding, which might force them to do so potentially bringing to an end that this longstanding dispute. allison that appear the al jazeera but gotta singapore is removing the last of it's called 19 restrictions. it's also easing entry requirements for visitors from tuesday. its health department says this is in response to a drop in new daily infection numbers. there be no more size limits on group meetings and all employees can return to their offices. ah ha, again, i'm fully back to bow with the headlines on al jazeera, ukraine's defense ministry has accused russia of imperialism after moscow said it planned to take full control of the dumbass region. russia pressing ahead with its offensive in eastern ukraine targeting several cities, dos. a jabari has more from moscow, according to the acting commander of the countries central and military units at

the task of the 2nd phase of the so called special military operation is to secure the areas in eastern and southern ukraine and to establish a land corridor that would stretch from russia all the way across to crimea. the united nations has confirmed that have been unlawful killings or civilians in the ukrainian town of butcher. it says that may amount to war crimes, russia denies killing civilians. and the russian foreign minister has said that negotiations with ukraine have reached an impasse. so it was use ukraine back then agree to be a neutral non nuclear country and exchange for the international guarantees for security. that is what president putin was mentioning, bright at the beginning of this year. i think he was talking to matt crohn. he said the expansion of nato is unacceptable. we can give certain security guarantees for ukraine and european countries, and that was our position. and we stick to disposition. india's prime minister says his disgust. urgent need for a cease fire in ukraine with britain spy, minister,

voice johnson. johnson is on her to day visit to announce new defense deals and free trade lands. com has returned to the alex m asked compound in ocoee by these rules lim after violence earlier is really forces c masks. men throw stones at a police station and they responded by deploying tear gas. earlier. they fired rubber bullets had to palestinians at the mosque. at least 31 people were injured. frances 2 presidential contenders were meeting voters on the last day of campaigning ahead of sundays run off incumbent emmanuel. my call is campaigning in the southwest wind. marine le pen has been speaking to voters in the north and former canyon president mikey back. he has died. he was 90 years old kid back. he serves from 2002 to 2014. but his re election in 2007 was disputed. it led to months of violence which killed $1200.00 people. those are the headlines next on al jazeera, the stream, or china in the u. s. reporting their way to war in the struggle over ukraine.

here's the test for president joe biden, with really trying to do is rewrite the security architecture in europe. it's your personal united states you seriously are walking through gum at the same time, your weekly take on us politics and society. that's the bottom line with i, anthony ok. today on the screen we are talking about the n word nuclear. how big a role could nuclear energy play as we look for cleaner, sustainable forms of energy going forward? so we have on the ad team, a lot of experts, you know, a lot about the pros and cons of nuclear energy use them as a resource. join us on youtube for your comments. your questions into the comments section. be part of today's show. let's meet our panel. we have a mare and sean and cast eager to have all 3 of you with us. and may i please introduce yourself to our stream audience? hi, my name is mary, are fine. i re report her

a box. i'm on the science desk and i focus on climate change it to hattie. hello, sean. welcome to the street. please introduce yourself to our viewers. hello, i'm shawn burney. i'm a senior nuclear specialist greenpeace east asia. mostly working in japan and south korea. go to having a welcome casting with our audience. no need to know about you who you are and what you do. hi everyone. i am kirsty and i work for tara praxis i, which is a non profit organization focused on accelerating action for climate and prosperity . and really focusing on enabling really high impact, very rapid transitions for the toughest parts of our d compensation challenge. i say good to have all 3 of you with us that a mer cast issue. i am thinking that this conversation about nuclear energy. i thought we've had this before. we've talked about the pros and cons, nuclear energy, didn't we just do that in the seventy's, the eighty's and ninety's them pocket. and now am i imagining that we going back to that same conversation in a way that conversation has never really stopped. it's always been

a perennial sort of thing that's been on the table. you know, nuclear energy has been part of the energy mix around the world. since the 1950s, the united states, you know, has more nuclear reactors than any other country. and they provide about 20 percent of the electricity here. and there's always been a debate about just how much more we should invest, whether we should be keeping the existing reactors on line. but the contours of that debate have changed, you know, at the 70 is the concern was the oil crisis and basically about energy constraints . and now the construct conversation a shift a little bit more towards climate change. you know, how does nuclear fit into the equation when it comes to d, carbonized or power grid? and so the contours i keep changing what the debate around nuclear is still, you know, always on the product table. so when i took that with his confession, the gang of the, the eighty's and ninety's it into the 2000. yeah. you know, you've, you've been any, and you to as well. castile show in your thoughts why we hear again. why we continuing to have the debate? yeah, i'm getting

a little bit older and little bit tired of this nuclear grand hogue day. i wasn't so much. i was in short in the seventy's, but the seventy's they had exactly the same to be as, as omar to said, which was about energy security and nuclear was not able to grow substantially for most of the united states, for example, because the economics killed nuclear power so in that sense, we are having the same debate and it's driven by an industry that is fighting for survival and has been good. it's funny you say that because actually the, the oil shock in the 19 seventy's lead to france, for example, and sweden successfully de carbonized completely their electricity grids, which is actually what climate success looks like, having a completely emissions green, very reliable, very low cost of electricity grid and then actually alone, you know, we're saying that it's like a groundhog day. in fact, the climate has changed very significantly. the world has changed actually, even in the last several weeks, given the sort of, you know,

energy crisis we had last summer, given the, you know, the failure yet again of 26, the climate conference that happens in glasgow this year to come to any meaningful decisions or conclusions about actions on climate change. compet emissions continue to rise here on. yeah. and now we have, you know, the, the terrible invasion by russia of ukraine leading to, you know, an exposure of the folly of over dependence on imported gas, which actually has been at the hot, frankly, of our so called clean energy transitions. but now it's really enlightened, you know, recent events, it's no longer tenable. so i really don't think it's, it's fair to say that it's the same debate that we've always had. in fact, people are leaders and citizens are looking again at nuclear energy in light of these emerging crises that are affecting all of a i'll address this point that uh,

we're actually seeing a lot more urgency now. i think that that's one of the issues is that with a recent report from the intergovernmental panel on climate change, they said that if we want to meet our climate goals, you know, trying to keep warming the century to below 1.5 degrees celsius. we need to be on track to roughly cut global greenhouse gas emissions in half by 2030. but not only that emissions are rising right now. we have to peak emissions and start declining before 2025. and so there is sort of a time crunch to all this energy development as well that we really haven't had in the past. well, knowing that's not happening. i highly room is always the spaces shown. cuz if, if i, my manager is wonderful, shown guy. yeah, i think that's absolute correct. there's no disagreement that we need to d corporate as fast as possible on 20252030. i'd be interested for my, my co presenters here how many reactions are going to get built to d, carb rise in the next 5 years, 10 years, 25 years. because if you can present a credible argument that we're going to have 20 new reactors every year for the

next 30 years, or how many are you actually talking about? because that's part of the problem. the industry has promised for decades and has not delivered. we had the nuclear renaissance, you may remember, remember that less than 20 years ago, the nuclear reasons was gonna deliver. there were $24.00 reactors, put an order by us utilities for were actually started construction to which in south carolina were abandoned because they were corrupt. they were billions over budget. the customers in south carolina can be painful. as reactors, even a little bit will never generate one kilowatt about to city. and the 2 remaining, the bogle plant in georgia, again billions over budget years behind schedule. and at the same time, some of the poorest communities in the north america are going to be paying those rates. so yes, industry can deliver, bring it on. i don't see that there is no that. that is like, this is

a very like big moment to have a spike person for greenpeace, saying that if nuclear energy can prove that it can deliver, then bring it on. let's, let's how i spend tastic movement. nuclear energy is delivering, has delivered and will continue to deliver and actually, well, as we move away from traditional construction of, you know, mega projects much more towards the sort of advanced small, much of the reactors that come with that being commercialized. now, for moving away from project based approaches to a much more manufacturing based products based approaches, then we will start to see a rate of deployment. that's really significant. but you know, what's really surprising, which is that actually, nuclear energy is all is proven time and again to be the fastest way to the carbon isaac grid pharmacy companies. it's whole, let me change throughout your day for him. i really just interrupt you

for just bringing on youtube. we have some confusion from our audience because when you say nuclear, they immediately think of certain things and, and they may not be thinking that we're thinking. so just very quickly, you know, a long, long explanation. all right, so we have here common wants to know is nuclear energy cost effective? one line out saw answer for him. you a man as a dentist. so, i mean, it really depends on the context of, you know, if you measured over decades, possibly. but nuclear is the one form of energy that over years has actually grown to be more expensive rather than cheaper with time. okay? and this one was from sahara. here is wondering if you have a nuclear power plants can countries then trying to build nuclear weapons from that? there is no direct connection. is that or is that a mag quickly go at? there is always a concern about proliferation, but that's mainly on the enriching the uranium fuel side of the equation. so not

every country that has a nuclear power plant makes their own fuel. and that's why uranium enrichment is something that a lot of countries are working at very closely more so than the nuclear energy itself. all right, so let's get, let's just move on into the climate crisis. and when you click and it'll fit seem to that climate crisis, if at all, i want to bring in junk cocaine, hair, and done as a senior vice president of policy development and public affairs at the nuclear energy institute. this is what he told us area nuclear power has a really important role to play in a meeting. our climate challenge is alongside growing shares of other clean resources like wind and solar, as well as things like energy storage technology. the, the role that nuclear and play is because it's available around the car, 247418224 months of the time. it can compensate for the fact that wind and solar are always available. as a result, you can get to

a clean energy system that's more reliable and more affordable. what matters at the end of the day is the current housing in a way that people can afford in nuclear is key making that happen. so this is where i'm confused just generally confused because i am looking at going places website and i found this article here for lever look on my laptop. 6 reasons why nuclear energy is not the way to a green and peaceful world. i'm just saying that can't you see, then you can go look for that article and then on the ad, tyra praxis website, energy, and if a innovation for a prosperous planet, tara learn about the road of nuclear, beyond electricity for reaching that cyril can. both of these be true, shown you start kirsty, you follow i think we all agree that there is a climate emergency. when i 1st joined greenpeace, we just published the 1st book of greenpeace, on the climate emergencies was back in 1089. at that time,

the nuclear history was saying it has a essential role to play in removing dependence on fossil fuels. the reality is we are now 3033 years on and we're not moving fast enough. we're not going to be our targets for reducing emissions, which means we've got years to change. and there is just no way based upon any historical experience that nuclear power is gonna deliver. and i'm interested in, kirsty referring to the commercial, small, modular reactors, exist. where are they? where the licensed, where are they getting built? what's the time frame? because the departure of energy talks about 203020402050. so absolutely, the ambition to de carr blinds is everything that we are committed to doing was no argument here. that the, the reality is we have to do it as fast as possible. if we're going to stand a chance, which means the nuclear to b is a distraction. kathy,

how was understand what's more, modular, react his office, shona, an image here on our, on my laptop. so i would, it's can see what they looked like was the contact me find them? well essentially that's smaller and easier to build. that's the key. that's the key thing. and in addition, they have some sort of special functions, like for example, they can produce higher temperature, heat, and higher temperature. heat is incredibly valuable for making hydrogen, for example. and because nuclear plants have an incredible energy density, which means essentially that they have a tiny environmental footprint for a very large output, which is one of the, one of the reasons actually why. even though nuclear plants traditionally take much longer to build, they tend to be very large. they have, they produce a huge amount of power. and so in terms of the overall contribution towards the

compensation, even though they take a bit longer, they do make a very large impact. how much complete be. so you can see just, just because we're learning as, as you're showing your information with us on the stream and how much is creating a huge amount of power. what does that mean for consumers? it's like a 1000000 times more dense than coal. let's put it that way. so, you know, if you have, you can have a, it's really interesting to look at a map actually and see that, you know, sort of relatively small footprint, like, you know, a couple of football fields. for example. we produce the same amount of power as you know, 5050000 square meters of solar by contrast. so, you know, there's, there's a very, very large power output with a very small environmental footprint. and i think i agree completely with what shown is saying that we should really be focusing on the, on the, on the end,

not the means. we should be confusing the means at the end. and we can learn a lot from the success in the a, you know, driving down costs in increasing rates of deployment that we've seen with wind and solar. and apply that learning to driving down costs and increasing rates of deployment for other clean energy technologies, including including nuclear energy. and that would be very complimentary to the contribution that wind and solar is making towards the carbon izing our grid. but particularly because nuclear energy can help contribute towards the carbon housing other really tough to the carbonized sectors. in particular, heavy transport shipping in aviation as well as industry. i'm just, i'm gonna make you come in i'm, i'm just looking and i will share this with with you and then, and then you can just bounce over the thought that you had in your mind. don't forget what you were thinking. so i'm just looking at energy dot gov to that is the u. s. energy website for the common administration. they are describing nuclear energy is clean and sustainable, and they are very much focused on how do we have

a greener, more sustainable future for the united states. so that, that idea being clean as sustainable. i'd love you to explore that for us to man, but go ahead what, what's on your mind? well, what i want to do is just sort of draw a distinction between existing nuclear plants and plants that are under construction. and that's kind of what sean and christy were both getting at. and so the existing plants that we have here in the united states nuclear prides about 20 percent of electricity. but it's about more than half of the clean electricity that we have there. the electricity that does not produce greenhouse gas emissions. and from a policy perspective, these are sometimes treated differently. and i think rightly so, the plans that are already built. those are costs that are already saw. we've already invested the money, the concrete and all the resources. and what we've seen is that as we've decommission nuclear power plants in the u. s, a lot of that boy has been filled in with fossil fuels. and so the biden administration, i think just this week announced a $6000000000.00 bailout package for existing nuclear power plants. basically what

they want to do is keep the plants that are already running, still running for the foreseeable future to ensure that we keep those points on the board and we don't lose any ford progress. now in terms of building new nuclear power plants, i think sean is right to point out that, you know, despite all these ambitions, we have not seen the pace or progress that the industry has promised. and a nuclear again, as i knew earlier, is one of the few energy sources who's learning curve is moving in the wrong direction. it's actually getting more expensive over time. and so they're really nice, man, invest a lot more in terms of the research and development to actually get the cost to come down over time, like we've seen with wind and solar. so if i make and i saw with one of your colleagues were poor, so mrs. green pacing france and as a nuclear reactor in france, it cassie was talking to us about the, the progressive of nuclear panic at pal i in france. and because of the, a few crisis and many years ago. so this of fuel at with energy part is nuclear and

is upon, is costing more than 8 was believe that it would cost. and sam can i leave the reported to pick up from that point as have a nice and let's have a look. i mom, i looked at the phone with the fly mom, the reactor as proof that the myth of cheap nuclear power is not true. the flam on the reactor was supposed to cost $3000000000.00 euros, and we know that the bill to day is more than $19000000000.00 euro. so it's a cost at his increase $6.00 folk. and it's probably not over yet, because there are many uncertainties on the other hand, renewable energies continued a 4 year after year, and they are increasingly competitive. so that's, that's a challenge, isn't it? how to, how do you, how do you, how do you approach that? because one of our audience members is watching right now has shown that greenpeace is really good at pointing out what the problems are. but what are your solutions than if it's not nuclear energy? what are you suggesting?

well, for, for them to do could movement which predates my life. they've always talked about demand site reducing energy demand. and we've not talked by efficiency and how that can contributed to d, carb raising in the amount of fossil fuels being used, but also the amount of overall energy being used for the situation in france. there in an absolute crisis at the moment about a 3rd of the reactor fleet is currently down not operating. which means that france is even more dependent upon importing, including dirty l t from germany, from coal plants which are cranked up to produce out just for france. so yeah, that the solutions are clear. there's more than enough evidence from the international energy agency from think tanks from harvard from stanford across the world that renewables can deliver. a 100 percent of our cultures be can be renewables. i'm from scotland. we currently have a 100 percent of rails just being generated from renewables. we're also operating

to nuclear reactors, but they'll be shut down relatively soon. so it can be done. germany is on track, maybe slower than it should have been because of the policies in the last few years . but by about 20302035, germany will be a 100 percent renewable electricity. not only so the germany is the energy transition has failed. i lived and worked in germany for years. i was directly involved with chancellor merkel back in 2011, committing to the face so that yes there are massive. busy problems, how do you d, carbon ice, the 4th largest industrial power on planet earth. that is not easy, but i'm far more confident about germany getting its energy policies, right. as it does with industry policy, compared to the island i having to live on, or even the united states. that gamble to take, considering there is no modern industrialized economy is no modern industrialized

economy that is running entirely on renewables. and as i spending hundreds of billions, 500000000000 euros that germany has, has already spent on, on wind and solar. it cannot um, reduces dependence on not only dirty leg night coal, but also imported russian gas. in fact, it was being reported in the financial times today. but we cannot live without gas castillo german. let me ask you a couple questions that are coming up on youtube and, and they're curious about san elements of nuclear energy. so andrews is suggesting that nuclear and he can be part of the climate crises solution going forward, more sustainable fuel, etc. but he will say says nuclear is clean until it isn't. then what do you do with the waste, kirstine, what he did? yeah. so we right now store spent fuel very well in

a very well managed, very contained way. in fact, the, the, the sort of special scientific advisory body for the european commission was asked recently to look at this very question, is nuclear energy sustainable? and with a particular focus on the question of the waste. and they found that actually nuclear energy is the greenest of our technologies, including with regards to the spent fuel because it doesn't produce any emissions. it doesn't pays any, any hazard to, to people or the environment because it's extremely well managed because we do have a permanent solution for disposing of it. unlike unfortunately, let cold hans and fossil fuels which contribute to $7000000.00 premature deaths per year. the world health organization cause cause pollution, the biggest environmental threat facing us and outs for ounce. coal ashe could

emit so much more radiation into the environment than any of the nuclear spend fuel . so we really have to sort of put these risks into context and really consider the material effects on public health and environment and then make our choices. so you don't know question i've got to be because you put up the w h o u without risks and safety. i don't know if we're watching the international community there certain places, certain names that we know of, that we know have had nuclear energy disasters. i'm going to bring in linda paints gone to hear a man haven't listened to linda and then respond from what you understand from the reporting that you've been doing over the years. he's really in the festival. you would certainly hope that the dire and long lasting health and environmental consequences of chernobyl and for cushion would have been enough to put us off nuclear power altogether. but that does not seem to have been the case yet. now we face what you rightly describe as a climate emergency. so we must turn to the energy sources that are not only safe,

but which can reduce the most carbon, the fastest, and at the least cost. and that is renewable energy combined with energy efficiency . you get more carbon reductions from new renewables than spending that same money on keeping an existing reactor running. and new reactors are still just designs on paper with many safety uncertainties. and they never get here in time, or in enough quantity to do anything. a tool for the climate crisis. it may go ahead well, which is great to know that you know, there are some major disasters that have caught the public's eye. but if you adjust for the amount of energy that nuclear produces and compared to other sources of energy, remember no energy source exists in a vacuum than you know, that denominator becomes huge and that a new her ends up becoming one of the safest energy sources. there's a reason why every nuclear incident becomes national or international news. it's because they're so few and far between all leagues from coal ash,

ponds on natural gas explosions. these things happen all the time and it, it kill and injure workers and cause a lot of damage to the a local and regional environment. but with nuclear, i'm editing as christy, like a rightly noted, like a lot of that waste is, are contained. now one point i would push back on is while that waste is contained right now, most of that is done in temporary fashion. there's only one country in the world that has a permanent nuclear storage facility, and that's finland. every other country in the world is right now doing way storage on site in these temporary facilities. and so far, yes, they've been very safe. they haven't had any leaks. but again, this is a temporary solution. now, some people would argue that, you know, this is a political problem, not a technical problem, but political problems are the biggest problems that we have and without a permanent waste storage solution. you know, it's really hard to think about nuclear over the very long term. i've learned so much from you, a more showing and casting, even though we've been having this nuclear energy conversation for many, many years. the debate is not other than it's very clear,

but in mass shown kaski. thank you so much for being part of the show today. thank you for the accent each youth. comments and questions. i see you next time. okay. ah nay. analogies ever frontline reporting an in depth analysis. we bring you the latest on the ukraine mall and the unfolding humanitarian crisis. documentary that in spite, whitney wayne's world issues into focus through compelling human stories. 61 years of the fidel castro's proclamation of the communist republic of cuba. what does the future hold for the country? al jazeera investigative program fault lines, lead time with a special theories on abuse in the boy scouts of america. lebanon goes to the polls that will political change help the country find its way out of its crippling economic crisis. may on al jazeera, when covert 19 1st hit,

the need to minimize contact drove many of the world's judicial systems online. now in the name of cost and efficiency, some of them want to stay there. but what if holding trials in cyberspace denies defendants the right to a fair hearing, and remove safeguards against abuse. people empower, investigate on line justice on a jessina. ah al jazeera. when ever, you know, mainstream coverage of big stories can sometimes deliver more heat than life in any water scenario, there's always a push to simplify. narratives. nuance is always called for even in the case of an

aggressive war. the listening pe, delve into the news, narrative, and dissect them. there is not our great deal of subtlety. we're talking about the barbarism that is unfolding as though we're somehow unique. it's not unique covering the way the news is covered on al jazeera. oh, this is al jazeera. ah oh, there i'm there, clark. this is the news i live from doha. coming up in the next 60 minutes. russia says it's war ambitions extend beyond don bass during coud southern ukraine. keith, cause it imperialism. united nations confirms young lawful killing and civilian to in the ukrainian town of butcher and says it may amount to war crimes 150000 people attend.