bad homelessness throughout the united states. it calls for among other things, more funding for affordable housing. but here in new york, the mayor eric adams says the 1st step is to clear homeless from the streets, and that's why he's ordered this sweeps, we have tolerated homelessness. won't pass our brothers and sisters who are living in tents on the street. and we know mom lies the homeless encampments have increasingly become a national issue from los angeles, san francisco, portland, to boston in new york. as the sweeps continue talk about santa bell. so to this, a protest in opposition to them. oh, many fear the sweets will force them back into homeless shelters. they say, are unsafe, i'm going to be facing homelessness sooner than i would not choose an option of the shelter. it's the worst place to put to human beings. every one is crowded there

that the conditions. all of that though, that the could, the cleansing us inside of the shelter would that many people is not up to standard . it's not an easy issue. one person's eyesore is another person's home. gabriel's hondo out is eda new york. ah, it's good to have you with us. hello, adrian said again here in doha, the headlines and al jazeera russian forces have seized control of half of the eastern ukrainian city. so that at the next, it's considered key to moscow's efforts to take new hans, which is part of the dumbass region where russia has supported separatists for years. the leaders have entered the extraordinary summit in brussels with a discussion on the global food crisis, which has been worse than by the war in the ukraine. they agreed to ban most russian oil imports by the end of the speaker of lebanon's parliaments for the past 30 years. now b,

barry has been narrowly reelected before parliament reconvened for the 1st time since the election. earlier this month, 13 independent newcomers marched to demand political reforms. those, the headlines that he's continues here on odyssey or after the stream. but before that will leave you with memories of our friend and colleagues in our play, the voice of palestine al jazeera media network continues to demand a rapid, independent, and transparent investigation into the killing of its journalist and the occupied westbank. ah no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no. i don't need to be here with you the mac, and i'm just gonna have to put him on your team yet. and also you can just leave you a message. can you open that at the home and the yah today and we're

going to give you what we said as well. they sent me a lot of money out of them at the hospital gave me yeah. when i know, i mean, i mean, i shooting off the edge of the as the final 3 places at the feet, but we'll cover all decided will live for the playoffs. we'll get the reaction from across the globe scenes the school counsel 2020. so you will call for special coverage al jazeera

a. hi, anthony ok to down the street and we are thinking about rethinking. how does our brain work and how can we make it work a little bit better. you may already be doing some of the techniques we're going to be talking to you about. this is a picture of i key it pretty much sums up the last week of me preparing for this show. i am not intending to do all the heavy lifting by myself. i have bringing on the guests immediately seek and meet them, and they can tell you who they are, what they do. hello, annie jean at dominic. so good to have you and introduce yourself to our stream audience. sir, i'm eddie murphy. paul, i'm a writer of science writer who writes about learning and cognition. and i'm the author of a book called the extended mind the power of thinking outside the brain. and you, in spite our entire conversation, thanks for that. hello gina. great to have you on the stream. tell everybody who

you are and what you do. hello. nicely be here. thank you. my name is gina po, i'm a nurse scientist at u. c. l a. and i do research on the function of sleep for learning and memory. great to have you and dominate. welcome to the stream, introduce yourself to our international few us. my name is dominic backer. i'm a professor of psychology at the university, which is in bethlehem, pennsylvania, and i'm an expert on group dynamics and how people's identities shape how they think, feel and behave. ok. i'm going to give you a couple of rapid fire questions. it's really help me to prepare for the show. i know you've got to know the answers like this. all right, dominate. what is the mind? the mind generally refers to the thoughts. we have the emotions, we feel the perceptions we have of the world. how we make sense of things, the key distinction to be made with, with regard to the mind that some of it is, are things we're conscious of. so we're aware of our thoughts or feelings what we,

what we believe about something. but a lot of the mind is also non conscious or very rapidly process conclusions we reach without necessarily having realized how exactly reached her. that's the modeling. gina, what's the brain? the brain is the oregon by which the mind thinks and acts and interacts with the world. is the organ through which we sent everything and is that organ through which we do everything it is our brain is our mind. ok, i the best metaphor that you have either created yourself or you've heard, or you've read about how our brain actually works. well, we tend to think of the brain as like a work horse that we just sort of keep logging in. to like, gets the job done, but i like to think of the brain as more like an orchestra conductor. that's at the heart of everything. it's bringing in resources from here and there and creating,

you know, beautiful music. all right, so you can read, i guess, and you know, i know this topic, what would you like to ask them about? how do we get more out of our brain? if you and ye cheap, you can be part of today's discussion of comment section is right that i'm expecting your brilliant questions. no pressure. the shape starts right now. i mean, let's talk festival about how you feel that most of us use. i brain, you a science why to so you, you write a lot about the way that we think the way that we use. i thought to me that we use our brains, how most of us use appetite. well, to go back to this question of metaphors, i think many of us think of our brains as like a computer that we just feed information into. and then the output, you know, is the result. or we think of it as like a muscle that it's something that we have to keep actually sizing to, to get stronger. but the reason the metaphor of the orchestra conductor is more helpful is that we actually don't sync with our brains alone. we think with our bodies, with the spaces in which we learn and work with our interactions with other people,

with our tools like our, our smartphones and other technological devices. so that really broadens the idea of what thinking is when we acknowledge that all these other resources are part of the thinking process. dominic, i see you nodding, go ahead. i completely agree. i think the idea that, and is exploring in your book, especially that so much of our thinking exist outside of the individual mind or the individual brain involves other people as well as technologies and devices is a super interesting one. and research is, is exploring how outsourcing, at least a lot of thinking, the review affects the conclusions that people reach or the way in which their, their minds work. i'm just thinking to get in my system, walk around, thinking about how we're thinking it just happens unless something happens and then we have an injury or we have something that's not quite firing, right? why do you think that is? it's almost like we take out, bring to it,

we do take our great brains for granted, and it's only when we do have a head injury or something happens to our physical brain, oregon that we realized so much of who we are so much of our personality and what we know our memories, our consciousness really lies in this few pounds of flesh. but this brain is not disconnected from the world, at least most of the time. we have our senses that flow into our brain, through our bodies. and that includes our sense of space and nature, our sense of others and our ability to connect and reach out to them. so i think it's a beautiful book and a miracle. it's really well read, well written. it was a lot of fun to read. it was well researched and i take my hat off to you. i enjoyed every minute of reading it and that's not usually the case when i'm reading

things related to related to my field. i usually don't read books and so this one was really, really a delight. thank you. i mean, what makes you writing extended mind the power thinking outside the brain? what, what was the, what was the inspiration? what, what did you think? like i need to write a book about how we need to think outside of the mind outside of the bike. well, so i had 2 sons who are school aids, and i got very interested in how they learn in the science of learning. and in my research and reporting on the science of learning, i started to notice a bunch of different fields that were all looking at how these outside the brain resources factor into our thinking. and then i happen to come across a journal article by 2 philosophers that propose this idea of the extended mind, which is the idea that we don't just think with our brains alone, we actually extend our thinking process. the c is out into the world with our

bodies, with spaces, with other people. and that to me, tied together a lot of the research findings that i was finding so interesting at pa, to feel reset to discover piece of running. oh, got got go ahead. no, go ahead. i just wanted to say i see annie, that you are talking with your hands, which is part of the recommendations of your book. so yeah, i haven't started adopting that to even the receded here. we're not taking a walk which would be even better, at least we are using our bodies. and what that does to our brain is it puts it in a mode where we can learn better. actually we can, we learn best through teaching. and then when we're teaching it for actors, we are learning even better. our brain is in the state called the fate of state, which is about $5.00 to $10.00 waves per 2nd that occur in our hippa campus, which is our rapid learning structure in our brain associated learning. so when we

put things together and when we move, our hipaa campus goes into a feta state, which is really best for learning. so let me show you one of the people who inspired an if to write a book. and this gentleman called peter rhina, he's a neuro ethics professor from the university of british columbia. and he explains what, what gina was just explaining that how our brain can then use of the things to help us think back to an operate better pita. because a much better explanation than i have. so here is mentioned the following scenario . a few weeks ago you made an appointment to see the dentist, let's say for next tuesday, tuesday morning. you wake up and you realize it out today so that i can see the dentist, but you're not sure. was it the appointment at 2 o'clock or 3 o'clock? well fortunately, you also noted this time with this point in diary. either

a paper diary or in your phone, for example, you go in, you check that diary and you find out that the appointment is at 2 o'clock. what you've done is actually a very smart thing for several reasons. first of all, biological memory is unfortunately notoriously unreliable. for details like this, on the other hand, the diary is a perfect source of storing and record recalling that kind of information. but more importantly, what you've done is you've offloaded the carter that the work of remembering onto the diary rather than taxing your biological brain with that same task. and by doing so, we open up space for that biological brain to do what it does best make decisions. abstract thought, creativity, and that is the future. so our extension could the

app body talking with the hands which i do or at a time as surroundings you think the surroundings like a diary, peter was saying that it could be relationships. collaborations with people that can you give us an example? going to make everybody give us an example, so we can see that happening in our daily life as i to stipulate. like i'm going out of fashion and i'm going to die. if i don't with my hands, i don't have it. sure, well, i'll continue with a technological example. so example of a smartphone. we now all carry them around and increasingly use them not just to make phone calls and also keep track of dates. but for taking photograph and more, we walk around the world and take photographs more. we are potentially outsourcing the memories of things that we've seen and events we experience and that actually research now on the effects that can have on your memory for events, say your turing museum and you see art. and as you walk around,

instead of simply looking at the art, you take photographs of, of the art and especially your favorite pieces, how that affects your memory, then for that event. and what you find is that if people are using a phone or a camera, generally, to record the event there in some ways out sourcing the memory and the experience of the event. and it changes the way they remember it changes the way they can later on, recollect what they saw. and the reason it does so at least in part is because as you take those photos, you're paying attention to the situation in a different way. so by using that technology and outsourcing the memory, you're also potentially outsourcing a part of the experience and bus effecting what is like in the moment. and then what do you experience later on? i have lots of huge questions for you. guess i'm going to get you to ask them pretty quickly if you can. some people are not getting quite what brain capacity means. is it possible to run out of brain space? well, you know, you brought on peter rider who just gave that. that very interesting example

a minute ago, and it was peter who introduced me to the idea that the biological brain, it may be running at full capacity at this point. meaning we are using every bit of our brain to deal with our really complicated modern world. and that the only way to transcend the limits of the biological brain which evolved to do, you know, very different things from what we ask it to do in our modern world of symbols and abstract ideas. the only way to transcend those limits is to bring in these external research says like the body like spaces, like other people just, i mean to, to offer an example of my own. there's an interesting phenomenon known as trends active memory. whereas where, which refers to the fact that in a group you can share memory and such that each individual has access to the memory of all the people in the group we, nobody can know everything, but everybody in a group can have their own specialty. and when you know what other people know you

have asked to what, well yeah, and it's fascinating anyhow, when you talk and recollect an event with your friends, they might have a very different recollection of something than you do. and the act of recollecting together helps you bring up that memory, and then incorporate all of your friends recollections into your memory. and then when you re consolidate that memory, which occurs in while you sleep that next night, you re consolidate their memories in with your own. and hopefully as a group, you all will remember more accurately than anyone memory. jim wants to know, gina, what causes forgetfulness, and how could he avoid it with

occurrence, if 1st of all you didn't have all systems working in the 1st place when you were trying to remember, for example, when you were paying attention. so, neurotransmitter called acetylcholine in your brain, helps you remember things in the 1st place. and acetylcholine comes online when your brain is in that data state that i talked about before and, and when we are actively attending to something. another thing that helps our best, remember, better in the 1st place is to tag a memory with another transmitter called norepinephrine. and that's something we're researching in my laboratory right now. what does norepinephrine do to help us tagged our memory so that we consolidate them? well, while we sleep, and then don't forget them later. just and i hope that answers your question. let me bring in chris. chris wanted to talk about how he changed the way he was thinking, doing the cover pandemic. i am now and particularly doing locked down. i'm really

intrigued, guessed by how you think our brains have changed to look down. and when we are, i said, a said he's chris festival, like a ton of people around the world. when the pandemic it, i became cognitively overloaded with having to work full time from home. and my son having school from home as well. i had a lot going on just like everybody else, and i needed different ways to kind of get through my daily process. so i sort of doing different things. i'm still doing today by going for walks every single morning while i work through different projects in my mind, or i'm listening to audio books or podcast. and a lot of this was covered in and he's great book the extended mind. i've also set up kind of like my home office area and collaborative work is also helped me out a lot just thinking a little bit more clearly. and even though we've been in this pandemic for a long,

long time, it's got a little bit easier because it's an app, right? how are we doing? what have you noticed? yeah, i think a lot of people can identify with chris is saying about feeling overloaded during the pandemic and having to work, you know, from morning till night without a break, without a chat with colleagues or without a commute, you know, and i think that kind of puts the lie to the idea that the more we exercise our brains and where we use it, the stronger it gets. i think a lot of us actually found much less intelligent during that pandemic. and i would argue that another reason for that is that we were cut off from many of our usual mental extension in our colleagues or classmates. and we weren't busy, i knew and stipulating places we weren't maybe using our body so much because we are sitting in front of a screen for many hours a day. so i think that helps explain why a lot of people didn't feel like they were at their best mentally during that. and i it's definitely happening to me. i want to say that part

of your book was about natural spaces and getting out of in nature, which is what the last speaker just talked about. and i thought that that was really fascinating. one of the things that natural spaces about is the piece of the wind, and then leave the founder running water that helps de exhaust us. and one of the reasons why i say that, is it anything that con, our brain, and that source of north and f and that had talked about before. norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that a little bit goes a long way, a little bit helps you learn really well, but too much is what happens when you're stressed out. and when you're stressed out, your norepinephrine system is too strong. and what nature does is didn't help the stresses, it helps, it helps that source of nerve connecting to calm down. so we can learn. and actually i think that the notion of the extended mind is also really useful. as we

think about the pandemic for conceptualizing how it is, we collectively make sense of a brand new event like this, right? this is a challenge that most people have never experienced anything like before, and you can't figure it out on your own. you have to rely on other people. and, you know, for example, we've learned over time how to understand graphs of disease spread or the transmission of cobra in your, in your local area or hospital usage rates. all sorts of information, the ordinary people most the time haven't been paying attention to. and now at the beginning it was overwhelming and over time it becomes less. so for a couple of reasons, one is that we actually do learn how to cope with new kinds of information, right? over time, we get better at it. the other thing is, as part of an extended community on mind, we get better presenting information to others. so policy makers and ologist and people in science, communication, and so on, as well as the news media are now much better at showing people the information in

ways that are understandable and that they can use in their lives than they were at the beginning. and that's a process the suspended mind isn't just a tool we, we, we have inevitably at our disposal. we have to build it and we can make it better. i wasn't a martin border, he's a philosopher, a science that thanks university. and, and i'm, he really tackled this idea of how we really max out our brains right now. what is possible leaving an app range. and i know the back of that, i would like some practical solutions that, or i guess can give us about how we work smarter his mouth. many philosophers have argued that the human brain will never unravel certain mysteries about the universe just because of the way our brains evolved. just like the minds of a dog will never understand prime numbers, let's say. the human mind is bound to have certain biological limits. to mal

disposition, sounds, smallest and humble. but the trouble is that it's always thinking of human intelligence in terms of a single isolated human brain. without the help of mind extensions and gotten the stretches and collaboration. but this is exactly what makes human intelligence unique. human intelligence is open and that's, and probably i'm limited with that. that's what i like to think. but my life proved otherwise. i, i want to talk to t t about some personal things that people can do to really extent what their brains are capable of. for instance, i'm going to play a little video of a walkman exercising in japan and tell us why this is important. and what we should be doing, and i like to extend our brain regarding exercise and move me ah, working on the construction site. this site actually went viral. ah,

most very common. i mean, why is movement important? how does i extend that? right? yeah, it's really lovely that they are a program of exercises that millions of people in japan do every morning and have been doing for decades and is a couple things going on there. me one thing they're outside 2nd about they're moving and dr. po told us how important that is for thinking. and 3rd of all, they're moving together. they're engaged in synchronized movement which helps bring a group of people together and helps get them on the same page. it's like if you're moving as one, if your bodies are moving as one helps, your brain kind of act is one. that's why i'm going to keep the news coffin going. thank you for the exercises for the daphne construction workers. and we're going to gina singing q the singing gina, why are you singing q that was q i in order to set up a people about our friends activated by this all the things i

way research, please create the beat for l e o l t o by to city rule shipping, network storing memory is away a to learn efficiently. and he'll tell me why that wasn't just a trick. i can i sing my entire research for each episode of the stream, and then i'm going to be better hosting it. so your, your whole audience will be better. these are these because they help people remember better. that $44.00 beat is in the data stream frequency. and a song just helps us, especially thing it together. when i'm giving lectures, i often have my audience sing that song after being here about now we all want to get your client. they all say it together and you can snap their fingers and their

hands and mrs. ice. dominic, i'm going to give you her reflect picture right here is an office that i know pretty well. how do you make this office environments? how do you make it a better offers environment thinking, performing well? because right back here, this is my desk. i work in a grayness, it's a very tragic call face dominic, what we need to do to extend the thinking that was going on in this office to a great question. it is a tragic office. i'm sorry you can open it now. i would say the most important thing in the office is the people, and i would worry less about the space or the fact that i know people in the office . well, whether they're in the office or not. you could, you know, put some paint on the walls, but i think it's the relationship between the people and their sense, particular of being a common unit as working together toward the sort of common mission and set of

goals. we know to be crucial for both people be excited about their work, but also being productive and cooperative. and so building a collective and common identity regardless of the space around you would be my primary recommendation. all right, this is been such a fascinating conversation. we've only scraped the surface there so much more that you can find out everything. absolutely not. gina, gina wants to talk some more here at the end of the show. i have know mostly a year they are doing it. i was going to be on the news and out, is there any 2nd now i can look at my laptop extended mind. i mean, murphy, paul, you can find more about the book. you can buy the book, go to annie murphy, pause twitter site, dominic the power of us. he has a book as well. and follow gina just because she's amazing and she may well sing you editing. thanks to watching everybody i see next time take. ah,

how and why did who become so obsessed with this law? we were giving them a tool to hold corrupt individuals, human rights, abusers accountable. they're going to rip this feel apart if they take the white house of 2025. what is the world hearing? what we're talking about by american today, your weekly take on us politics and society, that's the bottom line. holding the powerful to account. as we examined the u. s. roll in the wall on al jazeera, on the streets of greece, anti immigrant violence is on the rise, the road you have to go from all the dental and vision that this is of from fus ism and increasingly migrant farm workers are victims of vicious beatings. javiar are slam is helping the pakistani community to find a voice. the stories we don't often hair told by the people who live them undocumented and under attack. this is europe on al jazeera.

ah, the health of humanity is at stake. a global pandemic requires a global response. w h o is the guardian of global health delivering life saving tunes, supplies, and training to help the world's most vulnerable people, uniting across borders to speed up the development of tests, treatments, and of vaccine. working with scientists and health workers to learn all we can about the virus keeping you up to date with what's happening on the ground in the world and in the lab. advocating for everyone to have access to a central health services. now more than ever, the world needs w h o making a healthy a world for you for every one.