keeping an eye on the power lines in an attempt to keep the lights on, and the community sing along that meter miller al jazeera, so waiter, south africa. ah, let's take you through some of the headlines here in al jazeera enough. russian forces have seized control of half of the eastern ukrainian city of seattle. john, the ets is considered key to moscow's efforts to take law hans, which is part of the dumbass region, the international criminal court. an ukraine's chief prosecutor say they're investigating suspected war crimes committed by russian forces. ukraine says it started prosecuting 80 out of $600.00 a legit russian suspects. european union leaders say rushes war. a vote will take a significant financial hit because of their ban on most russian oil exports. leaders and brussels reach to compromise, to overcome objections from e u, members,

more dependent on russian energy. you might remember that in the sy the lead us decided to phase out the dependency on russian fossil fuels as soon as possible. we started with coal. yesterday in the middle of the night, we decided then to have a ban. now on defacto 90 percent of russian oil imports to the european union by the end of the year, serbian president alexander vote church has been sworn in for his 2nd term. in his inaugural speech, richard said the country will continue on its path to you membership, woodridge secured nearly 60 percent of the votes in april election. the war in ukraine is put serbia under pressure to choose between ties with moscow and its aspirations to join the you the speaker of lebanon's parliament for the past 30 years now we've been elected, reelected rather earlier,

independent new comers marched demanding political reforms inside stories. next, what will leave you with memories? while jazeera journalist should walk la? ah, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no. i don't need to be here with you to look at me about it to me. i can also, you can just give me a message for that also instead of the home and ya, today we're going to give you what we set up. what the hell didn't the pull up with me? i'm a lot of my mother. just leave me when i know,

i mean, i mean, i shooting off the edge of the ah what's the way out of the global cost of living crisis, the price of food, energy and basic goods reach, record high, developing nations are hurting them out the fall now if inflation remains high,

this is inside stored ah, low mock into the program on kimbell. it's normal for the cost of goods and services to rise steadily over time. most economists think it's healthy to have inflation rates at around 2 percent. but many countries are reporting major increases in the price of food, housing, and fuel. it's been called a cost of living crisis in european countries using the euro. inflation rose to a record 8 point one percent. inflation in britain is at a 40 year high to help families pay soaring supermarket and energy bills there. the government announced a $19000000000.00 package. hi, living costs were major election issues recently in australia, columbia, and france. a crisis is being blamed on shortages of workers and supply chain

backlogs. from the pandemic. also being blamed is russia's invasion of ukraine, which is increased prizes for petrol, natural gas, and staples, such as wheat and cooking oil pencils gonna be gone up. it will add on everything and joe, public setting for it will pay for it. and how much more can we pay for? i definitely have felt crunch foster mom. yeah, it's not nice. i know i've had to get a 2nd job that she looking for a fair job. also, the main issue at the moment everyone's facing is the cost of living. to be honest as a, as a middle income earner, i would say that, you know, bringing up your children to sending him to school and the expenses that you are facing at the moment. and the cost of living the going up impact is being felt hardest in the world's poorest communities. the charity action aid found some families spending nearly 4 times what they were paying before rushes invasion of

ukraine. action aid looked at average prices and 13 countries across africa. asia, latin america, on the middle east, found the average cost of bread and pasta rose 50 percent. petrol is 63 percent more expensive. fertilizer, 83 percent. and the horn of africa, where 20000000 people are going hungry, sama paying double or triple the price for bread and cooking oil, and of elimination and achy things that you're not seeing any improvement. and things have got worse when the price of fuel went up with what you said, the $5.00 while ago is now $14.00. they should reduce the price of fuel on, on my entire paycheck won't even be enough to buy my family 5 bags of grid. my time of pay can't get me 5 bread bags. where have we reached? ah, ah, and that's bringing our guests in britain's capital. she even at santa economist

and set political scientist at king's college in london in india's capital, new delhi, kalani. i go nothin, an economist and research fellow at the international food policy research institute and in geneva, in switzerland. stella not hegan senior technical specialist at the global alliance for improved nutrition. very well malcolm to the program to all of you. let's start with you are given santa, what is driving this cost of living crisis is very 3 things that we've seen it rising prices across the globe. the supply chain disruption in the wake of cobra. far more expensive to ship goods from country to country. and then we saw roches invasion of ukraine really driving up increasing energy and food prices even further. and finally, rich nations printing lots of katherine coils to be staying on keeping it just rates were too low. that was the rights as to gust through the pod debit, but they left them too low for too long. i'm not said to rising prices. well, okay,

i'd like to cross over to you kalani or nothing. what impact is this rising cost of living? having right now and on people's nutrition, particularly in the developing world and it's $7.00 song impacts on wood, food, security and nutrition. so i think would security into setting access to enough orders under the prerequisite to be able to have and to your needs. this is science . oh, the problem in india is if we have a lack of data, what's happening nationwide, but in order to plan the service that we have collected, booked as of the 2nd institute. but also that the hunger watch neg, by the night before india and being has conducted and showing that the food insecurity situations really book. so we administer the essay to read questions from the gilbert food insecurity students, skin, and more than 80 percent of our respondents reported students in that he's fine form of food insecurity. so people are wired about having enough food divided by having enough his, the dishes food. and then that plays out not only in getting enough food onto the

plates, but also what is, is making it undergoes did social safety nets can actually provide cedars of my this isn't a food that can be easily thought and transported, but they're seeing available now and it can still be bleeding through it's flexible, mailed flesh foods, eggs, and things that are both getting more expensive, but that was harder to transport either to the store. and those are the items that he'd be looking at. then we're looking at a nutrition. when was this research done? was this before the pandemic was this before on? russia's invasion of ukraine have things gotten worse? i my hypothesis would be that seems like getting worse because this thing, they hard inflation in the country and across the board of the prices of food items that i think not just the closer nation. eugene mcallister, the guys in place of any benoit which constitute a big boss, my invoice. and so what goes on to the indian plate, but the service that i'm referring to the date on this. so these are actually

service i for that it over the course of the last 2 years. and so these that essentially points into, in back of who weighed and related sort of unemployment and, and inflation. places that, that crisis cause. and the hunger survey in particular that they've been seeing beach i was selected in december of last year and january of this year. so it wasn't a particularly bad. he did it with infections. it also was the voice that i say gene war. and so she did that sort of lies and food places and already the situation was, was extremely born at that time. okay. fella not how again, you're with the global alliance for improved nutrition. you're a senior technical specialist. we just talked about a couple of factors going on here, contributing to the cost of living, going up, covered and, and supply chain issues. the war in ukraine and inflation. given those factors, what is the state of global food systems right now?

good question. it's challenge and i think is, is the way to put it in a word. i think it's, it's important to realize that even before the pandemic, even before the war and you cray, even before the current shocks, to the economic systems in supply chains. we weren't exactly in a position of strength when it comes to food systems, particularly from a nutrition perspective. a un report released using pre pandemic data, found that 3000000000 people worldwide were unable to afford a healthy diet. in addition, we see that over a 3rd of the world's population is afflicted by some form of malnutrition. whether that's simply not getting enough calories to eat, whether that's not getting the micro nutrients that are important for development and for avoiding disease or whether that's getting too much and being affected by obesity, overweight and diet related not communicable diseases. so the world's food systems weren't really delivering for nutrition. even before covered, coven added on to that by affecting both the supply chains that bring food to

people and affecting the livelihoods that people are able to, to leverage, to access nutritious foods and to ensure their food security and nutrition. and now as, as my colleagues have mentioned, we're adding on to that with another layer of disruptions and another layer of food prices that are affecting many different types of foods, staple foods. but as my colleague in india mentioned also edible oils which are an important component of diets as well. and this is really kind of pinching people when they already didn't have a lot of flexibility within their budgets to ensure that they were eating nutritious diet. to even santa, from an, an economic perspective from ford to sort of more macro perspective was this cost of living, crisis predictable, even without the war and ukraine as we went through the pandemic and government started spending and there were locked downs and there were going to be supply chain issues, was this situation foreseeable?

it was some more, the cbl certainly around the time this year is kind of full price. we're going to rise. we should have realized at that point that every single time we are getting a new set of inflation figures that are higher than we were expecting. we were also seeing that unemployment fall into a very low level. i think it was in a sense, foreseeable, i think central banks were a little bit slow to really kind of realize, but actually having this starting to become embedded. and as soon as kind of putin did invade the data of a, you quite a, we the and start see of course the price we're going to rise further. we knew how much wheat was coming from the areas. what is the impact was going to happen? oil and gas prices some more, the seeable, but now we have a question. how do we deal with this going forward and look, you know, we got a quarter of a 1000000000 people more basting st poverty or half a 1000000000 more facing hunger and political upheaval as wild prime ministers overthrown so far and pakistan and sher lanka, it's a global crisis is affecting everyone,

but now that we are here such incumbent as to make sure people have enough money in that pocket as well as, of course, enough food to eat. even how a quit are lower income countries to deal with this crisis. so not very well equipped to be they already going through difficulties during coverage itself when now see a from like 60 percent of low and lowering middle income nation's law in debt distress, they're struggling. they don't have the same kind of borrowing capacity of the richest nations have as a really, this is a global crisis, a take a global response, you know, to some kind of cheese. they are able to, for example, i'm here in the u. k. they are able to be that population to make sure everyone gets enough money in that pocket. but some countries, particularly low and lower middle income nation can afford it. we really do see rich nation step up about supply more humanitarian aid. and most importantly as well, gets up point 7 percent of a to g d p target county. and i cannot then,

what are the gender imbalances when you look at the impact of this crisis, how women and that's not binary, folks are impacted. yeah, that's a good question and it's a good plan in the context of diet and food insecurity in india, but also in south asia, there's a lot of anecdotal evidence that women often eat last in eat least a. so if that is a food places and there's a limited amount of nutritious food to go around, then typically it's the woman in the household will get the finest portion of that . and so there's some evidence of andirons or bab, it's actually the women time. my name is bob lesions that get it. fuss. i think in the context of india, it, that all kinds of ideally as, as lens we've been seeing of the, mainly before, since i'm in crisis, the said volleyball game before 5 sufficient over the last many years. that means a lot of women, either the joins on the workforce entirely or moving for them and do i don't want to give you some time. and so i think though,

just to pick up on what stella had said earlier in the context of these repeated chalks, than missing than houses might have an ability to and a buffer a short and shop. but when it's one thing after another set of hoping strategies are joined on our assets and, and who's log into to saying like, talking other things and it will take too long ability to, to balance that. i think more broadly, women are awesome though the wenzel, i hit the worst fe, a crisis of this end, and particularly in the context of savvy shine cancer diets that they often get the short end of the stick. stella nod huggin, i was interested to her to find out that chemical fertilizers require a large amount of fossil fuels for production. and therefore, chemical fertilizers have become much more expensive and that is going to impact the amount of crops. um, so does that mean that this crisis is going to be prolonged it's,

it's certainly with another factor that is adding to the disruption. um, as you noted, chemical fertilizers are one other area where there are constraints within the supply chain in terms of access to, to raw materials. for example, your e as a key element in fertilizer. much of that is produced in bella bruce, which is affected by some of the trade restrictions have been put in place following the following, the war. and that kind of ripples through the entire food system. because fertilizer is used for so many different crops in so many different places. and many countries are really dependent on global markets for accessing that fertilizer . if you look across africa, you can see multiple examples of countries that are dependent on imports, primarily from europe for over 50 percent of their fertilizers. so these effects of limited access to fertilizer, high prices for fertilizer can have really large effects. and like you said, it does add this one other factor and at the level of kind of inputs, the very beginning of the agricultural production system that needs to be worked

out before all the other stages of the food system can, can adapt to that disruption if there's a problem at inputs, that means that they'll be a problem at production, which means they'll be a problem at retail, which means that they'll be a problem at consumption of food. and so a disruption to inputs like fertilizer can really perpetuate throughout the entire food value chain and, and like you suggested have um, last stain effects that can take more time to sort out than any single disruption to say food prices might stevens on the what role has china played in the supply chain issues because it has continued to have this some 0 codes approach policy and continued locked downs. so it was, what impacted is china having here, globally, a huge impact. certainly one of the largest is locked on the stopping goods, getting back and forth. but if it's seekers all contain isn't shipping containers

or just in the wrong places to ship goods around, you know, be concave goods from place to place. you on the u. k. for example, containers being shipped across tent harms of expensive as they were before the pandemic. every single kind of price being impacted by the fact that just not having kind of the boxes in the right place to ship things is costing us is also going to continue having an impact as well. the china now is an incredibly large player in the global economics via what it's growth that will fall because of repeated lockdown. that's also going to hit everyone else is broke as well. so you got one point, you can get goods back and forth, but also one nation that isn't spending and producing this much not means less as well. the economy in a global economy as a whole. kalani and i cannot. and what's your take on india's response to the cause of 19 and pandemic, and how that has impacted the cost of that in crisis that the country is facing now . and, and also your take on,

on how the government is trying to address it more generally. so i think given to me at the side of the places, there was a not a contusion in the way the court knocked on was implemented. and there's a lot of evidence in the short of it, on the end of march 2020, up until around july of the senior. they show that they were severe disruptions to supply teams. and a lot of this emanated from sort of contradictory or incomplete instructions about, you know, the transport of, of food across state lines and, and that led to a lot of destructions in those supply teams, particularly for good sector to make that have to be sort of a supply chain from, from plan to table. and so that, that was a lot of, of a song impact on places initially, a lot of the data that looks at food prices and how do you have to do with notes that following to like things stabilize. so there is some evidence also for my room

to search the chill and then let systems adapt it or with them. so this is not necessarily a function of them in action to of enter hit by that, but also just figuring out, you know, supply teams can be short up on online, a buying in big cities stabilized after a matter of months or what i think this is crucial to note here is that the hunger whatsoever, the beat inducted, found that social safety net. net important. and i think in the 1st one and a half years is a band. they make the government to, he did invest not only in the public distribution system which already provides a nice amount of a school to bought houses, but also supplementing that through addition to ends. and we finally live, assess it a lot of the poor and vulnerable households either ended on those, those extra a c. and so i think i'm a social safety net affected. that was a really good endeavor. he,

i don't know if you found it will take drug next is and i had spoke to them and actually i'm in guarantee act the will work until then keep the site. and so having that program in place was really helpful because people, particularly migrant, labeled as more back from the cities through the rural areas with a black to find something to do and on the income. oh, i see. 0, one thing the sticking up to one of the vine seal it in with me earlier about how do you know when she's and actually least through to respond to these places. i would actually say that because we do have in place systems like the public distribution system like work, their programs, ways of making transfers were engaged in find by new populations in a sense we do have the machine to be in place that should be able to to be put into use in classes of these and i'm not sure that we've done enough. i'm also not a bit been continuing to do this even as with classes received, but other places it flew, stella not hagen. what is the impact of climate change and extreme weather of in

spain on crops and, and the food supply chain. it's one more stress as a stress that we've seen over many years, but increasing in severity, increasing at frequency and looking at the projections that have been undertaken by some of the world's best scientists. we know that that's a trend that's going to continue. climate change will increase not only the average temperatures and change kind of the, the average rainfall patterns, which will have effects on which crops concur aware, and what the yields will be. what kind of varieties are suitable. what types of fertilizer and irrigation and pesticides are needed, but climate change also changes the frequency and the severity of extreme events. so we're going to be likely to see an increase in frequency of things like droughts and floods. and also when they happen, they're going to be worse, which, which is something that we've seen already occurring in recent years. and the kind

of base changes that i mentioned in terms of temperature and level of rainfall. those require kind of ongoing adaptation on the part of farmers to be able to adapt those change in realities without having their yields decrease. the shocks are much harder though, right? because those are much more difficult to adapt to and they can wipe out an entire crop cycle. we see already some of the effects of, of climate. if we look at what's happening currently in the horn of africa, where there's been a major drought that has resulted in deaths of millions of livestock and the loss of crops, and that is really exacerbating the food security situation within those countries . so climate change is only gonna continue to exacerbate these challenges in the future and gives us kind of 11 more challenge that we need to address alongside the lingering effects of the pandemic and the widespread effects of, of the war. even santa, are we headed into a recession? what indicators do you look at to predict that?

yes, i know that we are getting close to that point. i wouldn't have to be surprised that the while to call to be did plunge into it. and really, at this point in time, we kind of looking at the ways to which higher prices and lower demand in the future can impact if we do how surveys, for example, how people feel about consumer confidence as well as purchasing as well, especially we're high in combinations and kind of, if you like, those indicators are starting to point towards certainly much more negative growth . huge full cost overall, a huge downgrade in global growth forecasting. everybody in and part of a huge part of it, of course, is the fact that look when it costs more money to produce things. it also means that apps, you become less productive and that also means less money consumer pockets to buy things. the certainty looked like a difficult year ahead for the global. i was also interested in, you know, there's a lot of talk and developed economies about a labor shortage that businesses can't find work is because work is had more power . now. i mean, is that the case also in developing economies though,

is that an a protective factor against going into a recession is so even if we are looking at her better employment outcomes to have in the develop, toby tended to be able to lockdown a lot more of that to be for much longer periods of time. i think the other problem for those kind of developing nations isn't just about kind of the weight is in which employment can feed through. but also what a switch out she inflation is being controlled by global currency movements as well . so i think is about to do a different set of challenges. they're developing nations of facing uncertainty or different situation with a labor market as well. stella not hagen and not how can mother what is the impact of sustained food insecurity? not just on physical health, but i guess societally. yeah, i think there's a lot of impact. one of the areas of impact that we're the most worried about kind of in the student nutrition community is when food security is experienced by

pregnant women and young children early in their lives. with a nutrition we refer to something that's called the 1000 days window. and that's basically the period of time from conception until a child reaches their 2nd birthday. and that's a period that's really critical for child development. and if you don't get enough to eat and also enough of the right things to eat, so enough vitamins minerals protein as well as calories during that time that can really lead to delays in development that persist throughout the lifetime. so talking about things like not achieving an educational outcomes on level with one's peers, not achieving sufficient earnings later in life. and these are effects that they persist throughout the entire lifetime. it's difficult to reverse when one tries to intervene at a later age. so we're particularly worried about those most vulnerable groups, pregnant women and young children, but really sustained food insecurity at any point in life is a major difficulty for, for a person, a family, a community,

a society to deal with. when school children don't get enough to eat, they don't concentrate in school, they don't learn well when workers don't get enough to eat, they're not as productive. they don't deliver as much of for society. but more importantly, not get enough to eat and having to worry about where your next meal is coming from . really degrades the quality of life and the enjoyment of life for everybody who is affected by it, of course. and the longer that, that persists, it really translates into a large loss in terms of, um, human human experience. or i thank you very much too old. i guessed ellen would hug, and she even santa and kalani and i could nothing. and thank you for watching, you can see the program again any time by visiting our website to al jazeera dot com. and for further discussion, go to our facebook page, says facebook dot com forward slash ha, inside story. it also join the conversation on twitter handle is at a day inside story from me kimbell and the whole team here in del half the life.

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