the issue bad weather, air traffic delays and stopping shortages. and it's not just in the u. s. airports across europe and the u. k. are struggling to readjust after many workers left her jobs during the pandemic. and many more went on strike in response to the soaring cost of living. some countries like germany have launched schemes to bring in temporary foreign workers. peter, this morning was an absolute mess. we were at that we were told to ride 5 hours before the flight to make sure that we got on our flight. and we were just keeping the decimal open. we would just keeping the key to outside is horrendous. then back in the us with thousands of flight cancellations and delays. some airlines are giving out bonuses for flight attendance to ramp up, stopping. others are offering pilots, triple pay to pick up extra trips. and for those left stranded, they get waivers to change your tickets for free. for those who prefer to skip the airport during this busy holiday, driving to their destination seems to be

a good option. but with some of the highest gas prices on record, that may also prove costly. gillian wolf, al jazeera ah, says al jazeera and these are the top stories now russian back separatist. so they've surrounded the city of lucy chance in ukraine's eastern the husk region key that denies that claim and says, fighting is ongoing. it's a chance case. the last ukrainian control city in the hunts argentina's economy minister has resigned, as tension rises on the streets, who's a soaring food prices and low fuel stocks. have been weeks of protest by truck drivers who are demanding higher pay to help offset the costs. to raise about is inborn as ours, with more with countries fading, very high inflation is currently around 5 percent every month,

but some say that he could reach 80 percent this year. we're also seeing shortages of disco, for example, the central bank is struggling to access us dollars. this is a huge problem for argentina because it has to pay flooring debt, but also it's vital for imports in this country. so with months resignation basically laid bare this enormous conflict that exists within the ruling coalition, within the government, within christina fernando kirschner and alberto for ma'am, i've also been protests in south korea, thousands of people of march, demanding better working conditions and an increase in the minimum wage the rally was organized by south korea. the biggest trade union protested of stormy one of libya's rival parliaments in the eastern city of to brook demonstrates is also held one of the biggest values the capital chipley has seen in years. protests are also held in, been gaz. eaten is router and cetera. people are angry about rising food prices,

high unemployment power outages, corruption and years of political deadlock. palestinian leaders say they've handed over the bullets that killed the al jazeera journalist, shrink to us forensic experts. investigators will run the ballistic tests on the bullet to see if it does indeed much. i'm initially used by israeli soldiers. the u . s. as apparently agreed not to share that with with the israeli counterparts. sri was a palestinian american. she was killed by israeli forces on may. the 11th covering israeli raised in janine camp. those are the headlines for the news continues here, analysis era, after inside stores, paperless. ah,

a new address constitution. 14 is yeah, it will further expand the president's power as what reducing parliament. but what it and the political deadlock, and why do somebody, there's use constitutions to strengthen their powers. this is inside story. ah, hello, welcome to the program. i am hashim, i had butler says he has president ice i yet has released a new draft constitution that will give him what critic score royal powers it will be voted on in a referendum on july the 25th. if past the president will be given ultimate authority over the government and judiciary and parliament's powers will be significantly weakened,

president sayed would be able to present draft laws and has so responsibility for treaties, budgets, and appointing and sacking. ministers and judges. and the government will have to answer to him. the president was served 2 terms of 5 years each, but those terms could be extended if there's an immediate danger to the state. from tennis alicia walkman has more on the most controversial parts of the proposed constitution. oh school side which refers to chinese, your is being conscious that the nation of islam and the state to sort of bank to for upholding in the values and objectives of its lam. a, previously it was thought that the reference to religion would be taken out of the preamp. so there's a lot of hot debate going on about this several giving trying to find a lot more power and also diminishing the judges. so one of the things that's been

included is about a striking for judges as well as military. and that's kind of a restructure in terms of how the parliament operates. they'll be a national council as the regions and district. and then that would be quite a different structure, but ultimately the power resides in the hands of the president. i think the one of the things that would be my primary is 45. what the biggest, the last 10 years to say there's been debate about some killers who is lamb. this is something that has over the stops along the device from social media. and they've been more and more calls for a boy crossing over the referendum. will bring in, i guess, in a moment. first, let's take a look at the few countries that have changed back institutions to allow leaders to

remain in office and strengthen the powers in 2019 in parliament approved changes that will lead president out of at the c c to govern until at least 2034. that same year togo's parliament allowed president for nothing be to rule until 2030 in 2015 voters in the one that chose to left term limits for president polk army was come rules. parliament extended president paul b as term in 2008 and in 2005 again, the parliament backed the removal of presidential term davis altogether. ah, let's bring in a guess in tennis here. they, they'll, i, li, constitutional law specialists and all thought of constitutionalism, the common revolution in london, annex vines, director of africa program cheetham house, also into this year. i mean, sanusi,

political anna is specializing in tennessee and north africa as welcome to the program. zayed. the 2011, our offspring was inspired by the need to put an end to high per presidential system where the very few decide the fate of the majority. but don't you see that what is happening right now is the exactly the very opposite of what people fought for. well, to go back to the 2011 uprising. there were several calls that were taking place at the time. amongst others, the call for social justice is to remember that what the underlying factors that led to the ard spring in the 1st place were mainly suzy comic factors. and people understood either intuitively or explicitly that it was the system of government that was preventing the realization of social or social justice. but if the source

economic conditions back and that at that time, at the end of 2010 were propitious, were positive, then the uprisings would probably not have taken place, or at least not taking place in the same. busy form or in the same in science. so intuitively or explicitly people asked for an amendment or change a major. ready change to the constitutional systems that existed in prior to 2010 and brought the work that up happening is that there was a either a very significant or marginal moved away from the rental ism and hiker privileges . the problem that ended up taking, or is that those are the systems, are established by the post to those 11 constitutions. posted on 11 constitutions were didn't function very well for a variety of reasons. amongst others, for example, very weak political party culture. if you establish

a system where parliament needs to play a more significant role than inevitably, what you're doing is you're calling for political parties to play a much more significant role. and if your political party are weak by design incapable of forming policies, so and so forth, and you see that basically everywhere in the region in iraq and lebanon. ready tunisia and other places and all these countries were problems are supposed to please get the rules. then polish patient becomes extremely difficult because you're relying on parties at themselves cannot form policies. so the big mistake at the time was just to create a system based on the assumption ok, that the design of self would be sufficient without thinking about a practical problems with that were likely to arise eventually in practice. our next president case, i had said that the reason why his introducing this reform basically to put an end to a described as this function and endemic corruption in the system. but when you bring about a massive change, where you are the ultimate authority in

a country of the expense of the judiciary and the parliament, where are you leaving your ation question. i'm one of the african union of the continental body. that should i have a c on of this is struggling. bear in mind, there is the african shots, are on democracy, elections and governance. that states a legal means of accessing maintaining power constitute an unconstitutional change . what we are seeing and to news here is something we've seen elsewhere on the african continent. in concentrations as, as you mentioned in your introduction, i mean just think back to 2020 with the change of constitute and guinea. similar arguments were being asked for were being made that chewing the referendum campaign by former prison alpha condie. unfortunately, the change of the constitution greatly protested across the country, resulted in a cood last year in september by the military. and there's not

a military jumps are in control of guinea. so this is by no means necessarily a pathway to enhancing stability and prosperity. i mean, to museums are divided, the nation is ball. why it's you have those who say here is considered dating democratic gains. you have the others who say this is someone who is driving the nation. tours are talk chrissy. whether, whether they leave the debate, the political debate as we speak now in tennessee about the future. well, the political debate had shifted the the, the years. because before, before we knew the constitution, people were still hoping and expecting that this will lead to a democratic system. and a progression from the 2014 fusion. this is 2 days ago.

we have seen shifts in the opinion because people are now, as you said in the, in the, in the us reduction people are know. so talking about about revenge for the friends and, and what is interesting is that a part of the upper class are discovery. and you know that by side project is grabbing more power. well, it was obvious for you, but to use this final isn't this idea that he's fighting corruption by any means necessary. ju, ju, just defy his action. but it was from the, from an exterior point of view, it was obvious that you were trying to, to grab more power when he expects the, the fall, him and when he gets ex, jose will just this. when he, when he, when he attacks the, the media, those were read fine. that should have the wonder about is

a part of the upper class and the, and the higher is that the, what? because extend that in order to get rid of corruptions or political as ok. zayed in 2014 the technicians have the 1st constitution constitution. and the, i have to say that the general sentiment prevailing those countries that were engulfed by the pro democracy movement back then was that we need parliamentary democracy where the voice of the people decides the ultimate goal of the nation. but we saw that one of the outcomes of that movement was basically the wise of political islam. nope, i say it has a totally different interpretation, which is basically we have to go back to the time where the president has the final say, is this something which is more because of his big, biggest concern about the rise of political islam or this is just simply a returned to autocracy in tennessee, but i'm ok so to be clear that the constitution by itself doesn't establish law to

protect system. what it does is it establishes a hyper presidential system, which would make it easy for anyone who happened to be president, to establish a lot of credit system by providing all the level of state and all major powers hands of the senior person. so if that individual happens to be particularly enlightened and decides not to cool off the state and capture all state institutions, then they can remain democratic. but the thing is that after 6070 years of experience in the posting to the post colonial period in the, our region with africa in the middle east. what we know is that these systems where a single individual, very small groups of individuals who are given huge amounts of authority tend to retain that authority. ready as long as possible, so whether it's this president or any subsequent question, what the constitution does is it per se, establish not just them. what it does is it gives. busy the keys to the kingdom,

to that particular individual, and therefore makes it make it creates a high, the poor, a state where a single individual can co op if he so chooses on and capture institutions. if that's what want to do it on the issue of political islam, an article 5 and so forth. i realize that this is always an issue that gets a lot of attention in the media on social media. so it's worth but in practical terms, whether it's. ready article one, originally article to the iraqi or the different constitution or the 5 and the teaching constitution in practical terms, whether or not chinese you will be inspired by religion and laws will be in spite of original depend on who happens in charge. ok, really matter what it says, one way, the other alex, the chairman of the and national consultative commission, sat delayed, charged a task with drafting of the new constitution said that the, the reason why we decide to remove any refers to islam is that we don't want we want to prevent political extremism from taking over other se different. they say

that this was meant in particular to prevent another which has been the biggest political organization in tennessee, since 2011, from staging and a political come back in the future. yeah, look this morning about political pluralism and us your previous speaker, correct? he said, what this is, is in a real danger of is a pathway to autocracy. we've, we've seen this time and time again, not just i'm no expert on the middle east, but in the rest of the african continent. it's exactly the same pathway that we've seen the arguments and the cameras, shod republic of congo, randa cho, uganda. so there's plenty of evidence of the concerns of this, including also the closing down of pluralistic space. and so it is deeply alarming . i think about the potential for trajectory of option is you particularly given that shin is here, was it the vanguard of reform?

in the so called arab spring. so it's, it is an alarming moments i think, for, for, for those of us who care about democracy and political pluralism on the african continent. i mean, do you citizens are coming out in huge numbers on the 25th of july to vote for in the referendum? i don't think so. i think there is there. is that why he did this at a minimum to to, to do it for them. i think there will be 500000 people just like in the online consultation that he did that i know goodness most ago. but i think that there is this problem with the opposition. that there is a division between go in and go to know or by cutting. that's the main main main issue. while the yes the parts are,

they decided and they did because i like it or not is he's supporting the people that won't even question the constitution and he will go both . yes, i is not just to the fusion. and what was interesting in the previous intervention is really a question that the company read because fusion is were what i did with this 2014, which was the very bottom of the fusion, preventing the president from the term where he couldn't do anything. now, what i side has done with this constitution with this 2014 constitution was beyond imagination and i'm just questioning myself and hoping that the my imagination isn't,

isn't bringing me to the sucker possible. but what, what can i do with this constitution? we've got to do sure that he is high for presidential who, where there is a lot of loopholes that can lead us to not of course, that in okay, they in e m, l, libya, iraq in india, egypt, and many other countries. the political parties that took over or were came under the hope of trying to stay away from the mindset that prevailed in the 60 seventy's eighty's all the way towards the ninety's and bring about an inclusive government with new ideas that would put an end to a corruption, embezzlement of public funds and dysfunctional governments, where they failed to do basically was reaching out to the people has thought of the arab spring. do you think this could be the main reason why we're having these new phases in this part of the world where we're saying a talk rossi reinstated back?

first of all, i would dispute the, the premise of the question. i mean, the premise of the question is that political parties in countries like iraq came to power with a view to promoting democracy and encouraging pluralism that, that's certainly not my impression of iraq. and it's my country. so i can speak about it with a little bit more freely, but in the country like iraq political parties were interested in plundering the state and certainly not in the we're certainly not interested in promoting democracy. the rule of law, social justice was a 4th. i mean, if they wanted to do that, that would have been very easy for them. they had to choose amounts of resources at their disposal to achieve those things. but there is any evidence that when a country like iraq and there, i say this is like law clinical a parties how that is their objective mean? so, i mean, part of the problem that we have in the original countries and speaking very generally is that political party lifecycle pluralism was really decimated over a period of around about half a century by extremely autocratic countries,

regimes where they made it almost impossible. and in some cases, completely impossible to engage in any meaningful political debate, political party activity, and so on, so forth. and then when suddenly there's a big change in the country like iraq in 2003. and the plugins are open and political parties can suddenly move in until the space of the autocrat has left for whatever reason. then you find that level of capacity, their level of forming their capacity to foreign policies and then are 1st of all long distance. and then even they have no intention of doing so, but everyone with any type of integrity is either left the country or it's been executed. and that's really a problem for designing petitions. ok, what you need to do. but you certainly want to avoid. hyper presidential isn't, but you can't just assume that political parties can do what it takes to create a functioning democratic system. you need corrected measures and that was never done. alex, in the past, i mean, the general, the general environment was they someone who is really frustrated with

a political establishment would stage a coup. what is happening now is what people are coining legal autocrats like in different parts of the world, hungary, of russia, in venezuela, in different parts of the african continent. they use the constitution and democracy to just end up undermining both the constitution and democracy. yeah, i mean, we do have the, i that taishan of constitutions to concentrate power all to extend. so some of it is about setting the time limits back to, to, to the clock back to 0 and having another 2 terms. some of it is indefinite rule. i'm so that number different things happening, but it is a complicated pattern, so you're absolutely right. they are old socratic advances, but there are also setbacks and movements forward of democracy. so it's not one pattern in the african continent,

for example is very complicated. there were 2 democratic advances last year, including through successful elections, which many people didn't expect incumbents to lose. and that was because the opposition organized themselves very effectively united and were able to remove those incumbents. having said that, there are other countries where that, that hasn't been possible. my worry about what's happening in shanicea is that we've seen this before. opposition parties might bo caught the roof. the referendum may get more frustrated and then support other means that they are such such pathways as cruise not still on constitutional changes of government. that was exactly what happened down on the west african coast last year in guinea, where frustrated politics, a referendum, resulted in opposition parties encouraging the military to get involved. so this is very warranting. i mean, are we likely to see a confrontation,

imminent confrontation between crisis hyatt and his opponents after july 25th? well, it's complicated to answer the question because we need to identify his oppose because there is different oppositions. there is appointment. i do disagree on the person not on the project. the authoritarian project is in the reform of the constitution . the higher the presidential system is supported by some of the actual like, arguing with you to party, the former advocate for the 90 and, and there is another form or there's other forms of opposition who are defending the 2014 constitution and they return to apartment room parliamentary system, i think there is, there is, there is a bustle in the opposition to, to, to feeling this,

but this turn it into. and that's what is going to be the key to understanding what, what do what is going to happen. that you're going to be my last question. i'd appreciate if you can give me answers in less than 15 seconds. i'll be asking the 3 of you. i will start with you as they do think that it's about time to, to ask for something like more, more authorial on the constitutional reforms, to put an end to this being manipulated by the dictators and the auto cross to change the states. no, i don't think so because you can't functioning democratic system without a well design constitution. it's not the only doctor that you need to function, but you really do need a functioning constitution. well, goes on constitution onyx moratorium and instead of just in one sentence that moratorium, what i would would, i wouldn't hurt is deep analysis of why things have gone for low. alex, i think that needs to be leadership from the continental body, african american, but reform constitutions can be progressive. reform conversation and gone are at

the moment which will strengthen that constitution. make it more democratic. i mean, i think, or just to focus on the political culture, i think what we are like the idea is that you like to kind of go over as efficiently as the presidential says. thank you very much. in the gentleman z july, lee explains, i mean, honestly, i really appreciate your insight looking forward to talking to you in the near future. we see what happens in tennessee and many other parts of the world. and thank you for watching. you can see the program again any time by visiting our website. i'll just the dot dot com for further discussion. go to our facebook page . that's facebook dot com, forward slash ha insights, or you can also join the conversation on twitter. i'll 100 is at a jane size only for me. hash about about the entire team here in della bye for now .

aah! and a lulu is a popular filming location in friends when it comes to stories about drugs, crime and radicalization. tired of negative stereotype youth worker is reclaiming its image by putting its young residence behind the camera. this to be don't often hear told by the people who live them. then movie would. this is europe. on al jazeera in australia, snowy mountains, thousands of wild horses graze on alpine plains, living spine, poetry books and films, creating an epic,

me about these intelligent creatures and their place in australian culture. but today they're at the heart of a be to battle by say it from the perspective of the country and they're not meant to be they. they're hard 15 vice species. they're not endangered. yeah. there's no any percent it was trying to have a $99.00. i'd have one international pilots ecologist want the so called brumby horses gone, saying they decimating a pristine environment, including the habitats of endangered native animals. but horse activists are lobbying hard to keep them arguing that their communities, lifestyle, and cultural identity is under threat. on counting the causal g 7 leaders, latest plans to squeeze rushes economy over the war and ukraine. we take a closer look at some of the financial by save maids. last,

what's next for us lanka, as it's economic crisis depends on the pumps. one dr. counting the cost on al jazeera july analogy here, campaigning for the kenyan presidency begins in earnest. could a hotly contested battle lead to the violence that his mom previous elections. from the headlines to the unreported, people in power investigates, they use an abusive power around the world to museum food in a referendum on a new constitution. could its spell the end for the only democracy to have emerged from the arab spring uprisings, as india suffers unprecedented, hate way? one o 18th goes to the fiery heart of the crisis. center goal hedge to the pose with the main opposition parties uniting them. they wrestled power away from the ruling party july on al jazeera. ah.