to rally against high prices and the current administration can tell, protest is they shouldn't accept the election results if they are in favor of the government. can was asked in buying a conference vote back in april. i today, my question to the country, the institutions, the army and the judiciary is how did you allow these teams to le country? ah, hello your challenges here. these are the stories we're following. this. our tre, paypal proportionally been killed and several injured in belgrade to city, near the border with ukraine. rushes says that ukraine is to blame, man accused its forces of shelling. the city cave hasn't commented. allan fisher has more from the capital. the mere going on social media early this morning to say that there were a number of explosions in the city. he said that at least 50 houses had been

destroyed the number of buildings targeted and he blamed the ukrainians squarely for what had happened. i suggesting that the missiles had been launched from the ukrainian side of the board and i'd be glad to be attacked before a he'll dump. you hit the back in me. but this comes, of course, the ukrainians have been seeing a lot in public about the russians targeting civilians, particularly after hitting a shopping center just a few days ago. alice tinney, laden saying they've handed over the bullet that killed the al jazeera jealous. sharon abbey acclaim to us forensic experts. stephanie deca has been following the story from whence jerusalem this morning. we have these really armies. spokes person speaking to army radio, saying that they will also to investigate the bullet under the presence of the americans. so it's not entirely clear whether they've got access or not. certainly,

according to one is really newspaper hottest. they're saying that they're sources of telling them that that investigation has already been concluded. as of this morning, however, it may not be enough to actually point as to who exactly killed should in the head of tennessee is constitution committee has condemned to proposed constitution put forward by the countries president saddam blade says he doesn't resemble the dropped agreement grades to by the committee and west african late is a jew to made him gone is capital ladies of the acre was block? are expected to review sanctions imposed on a number of members states currently under military rule. okay, those are the headlines i'm emily. angling. the news continues here on al jazeera, after inside story, stay with us. how and why did susan become so obsessed? with this law, we were giving them a tool to hold corrupt individuals and human rights abusers accountable. they're

going to rip this deal apart if they take the white house, the 2025. what is the world hearing when we're talking about why american today your weekly take on us politics and society? that's the bottom line. a new draft constitution. 14 is year, it will further expand the president's power as what reducing parliament. but with it and the political deadlock, and why do some leaders use constitutions to strengthen their powers? this is inside story. ah hello and welcome to the program. i am hashim. i had butler says he has president, i say it has released a new draft constitution that will give him what critics call royal powers. it will be voted on in a referendum on july the 25th. if past the president will be given ultimate

authority over the government and judiciary and parliament's powers will be significantly weakened, president science will be able to present just laws and has sole responsibility for treaties budgets, and appointing and sacking. ministers and judges. and the government will have to answer to him. the president was served 2 terms of 5 years. each of those terms could be extended if there's an immediate danger to the state. from tennis alicia walkman has more on the most controversial parts of the proposed constitution. oh school side, which refers to chinese years being conscious that the nation of islam and the state to sort of bang true for upholding in the values and objectives of its lam. a. previously it was thought that the reference to religion would be taken out

of the preamp. so there's a lot of hot debate going on about this several giving trying to find a lot more power and also diminishing with the judges. so one of the things that's been included is about a striking for judges as well as military. and that's a kind of a restructure in terms of how the parliament operates. there will be a national council as the regions and district. and then that would be quite a different structure, but ultimately the power resides in the hands of the president. i think the one of the things that would be most informative is fine. what's the last 10? 10. say there's been a debate about some political islam. this is something that has over these thoughts, a lot of device on social media. and the been more and more calls for

a boy crossing over the referendum will bring in, i guess, in a moment. first, let's take a look at the few countries that have changed back institutions to allow leaders to remain in office and strengthen the powers in 2019 in parliament approved changes that will lead president up to the c c to govern until at least 2034 that same year togo's parliament allowed president for nothing be to rule until 203-2015 voters in the one that chose to lift term limits for president polka gummy was cameras. parliament extended president paul b as term in 2008 and in 2005 again, the parliament backed the removal of presidential term davis altogether. ah, let's bring in our guess in tennis here. they. they'll alley constitutional law

specialist and author of olive constitutionalism, the calming revolution in london, alex vines, director of africa program, our chief of house, also into this year. i mean, sinner, c, political anna is specializing in tennessee and of africa as welcome to the program . zayed. the 2011, our offspring was inspired by the need to put an end to high per presidential system where the very few decide the fate of the majority. but don't you see that what is happening right now is the exactly the very opposite of what people fought for. well, to go back to the 2011 uprising. there were several calls that were taking place at the time. amongst others, they call for social justice. it's remember that what the underlying factors that led to the spring in the 1st place were mainly seeking factors. and people

understood either intuitively or explicitly that it was the system of government that was preventing the realization of socially of social justice. but if the social conditions back in and that at that time at the end of 2010, we're propitious. we're, we're, we're. ringback done the uprisings, we probably not have taken place or at least not taking place in the same form or in the same uh, seeing signs. so intuitively or explicitly people asked for. ready amendment or change and major change to the constitutional system that existed in the prior to 2010 and draw the ended up happening is that there was a either a very significant or marginal moved away from presidential and hyper privileges. but the problem that ended up taking place afterwards is that those, the systems are, they were submitted by the post to leg constitutions. talk about 11 that

transitions were, were didn't function very well for right of regions amongst others. for example, very leach, political party culture. if you stablish were parliament needs to play a more significant role than inevitably what you're doing is. ready calling for. ready pinnacle parties to play a much more significant role, and if your political part or week by design in cape lawfully policies so forth. and you see that basically everywhere in the region in iraq and lebanon, and other places in all these countries where problems are supposed to please get the rules. then polish patient becomes extremely difficult because they're relying on parties themselves foreign policy. so the big mistake at the time. busy was just to create a system on based on the sumption. ok, that the design of self would be sufficient. well, thinking about the practical problems with that were likely to arise eventually in practice annex present. i say it said that the reason why his introducing this reform basically to put an end to what i described as dysfunction and endemic

corruption in the system. but when you bring about a massive change where you are the ultimate authority in a country of the very expense of the judiciary and the parliament, where are you leaving your relation at question one of the african union of the continental body that should i basil this is struggling. bear in mind, there is the african shots, are on democracy, elections, and governance that states a legal means of accessing maintaining par constitute an unconstitutional change. what we are seeing in tune is, here is something we've seen elsewhere on the african continent. in concentrations as, as you mentioned in your introduction, i mean just think back to 2020 with the change of constitution. guinea. similar arguments were being asked that were being made that during the referendum campaign by former president alpha condi. unfortunately,

the change of the constitution greatly protested across the country, resulted in a qu last year in september by the military. and there is now a military juncture and control of guinea. so this is by no means necessarily a pathway to enhancing stability and prosperity. i mean, to museums are divine to the nation is border why it's you have those who say here is considered dating democratic gains. you have the others who say this is someone who is driving the nation tours or talk chrissy whether whether they leave the debate, the political debate as we speak now in 10 his year about the future. well, the political debate had shifted the the, the years. because before, before we knew the constitution, people were still hoping and expecting that this will lead to a democratic system a progression from the 2014 fusion.

since 2 days ago, we have seen shifts in the opinion because people are now, as you said in the, in the, in the us reduction people are now. so talking about about an event with friends. and what is interesting is that a part of the upper class are discovery, and you know that by side project is grabbing more power. well, it was obvious for you, but to use this final isn't this idea that he's fighting corruption by any means necessary to, to justify his actions. but it was from the, from an exterior point of view. it was obvious that he was trying to, to grab more power when he followed me. and when he got sex and g o.

justice, when he, when he, when he attacked the, the media, those were read fine. that should have the wonders about it. but a part of the upper class and the higher the what? because except that in order to get rid of corruptions or political ok, zayed in 2014 the technicians have the 1st constitution constitution. and the, i have to say that the general sentiment prevailing those countries are, were engulfed by the pro democracy movement. back then was that we need parliamentary democracy where the voice of the people decides the ultimate goal of the nation. but we saw that one of the outcomes of that movement was basically the wise of political islam. nope, i say it has a totally different interpretation, which is basically we have to go back to the time where the president has the final say, is this something which is more because of his big,

biggest concern about the rise of political islam or this is just simply a return to autocracy in tennessee, but i'm ok so to be clear that the constitution by itself doesn't establish law product system. what it does is it establishes a hyper presidential system, which would make it easy for anyone who happens to be president, to establish a lot of practice done by providing all the level of state and all major powers hands of the senior person. so if that individual happens to be particularly enlightened and decides not to cool off the state and capture all state institutions, then they can remain democratic. but the thing is that after 6070 years of experience and the postal to post colonial period in the, our region with africa in the middle east. what we know is that these systems where a single individual or very small groups of individuals who are given huge amounts of authority, tend to retain that authority for as long as possible. so whether it's this

president or any subsequent person, what the constitution and does, is that per se establishment approaches them. what it does is it gives all the keys to the kingdom to that particular individual. and therefore, it makes it make, it creates a high, the poor, a state where a single individual can co op if he so chooses on and capture institutions if that's what want to do it on the issue of political islam, an article 5 and so forth. i realize that this is always an issue that gets a lot of attention in the media and social media. so it's worth but in practical terms, whether it's article. ready one, originally article to the iraqi or the different constitution, or 5 and the teaching constitution in practical terms, whether or not chinese you will be inspired by religion and laws will be in spite of original depend on who happens to be in charge. ok, really matter what it says, one way, the other alex, the chairman of the and national consultative commission, sat delayed, charged

a task with the drafting of the new constitution. said that the, the reason why we decide to remove any refers to islam is that we don't want, we want to prevent political extremism from taking over other se different. they say that this was meant in particular to prevent another which has been the biggest political organization in tennessee since 2011 from staging and a political come back in the future. yeah, look this morning about political pluralism and us your previous speaker, correct? he said, what this is, is in a real danger of is a pathway to autocracy. we've, we've seen this time and time again, not just i'm no expert on the middle east, but in the rest of the african continent. it's exactly the same pathway that we've seen the arguments and the cameras, shod republic of congo, ronda china go uganda. so there's plenty of evidence of the concerns of this, including also the closing down of pluralistic space. and so it is deeply alarming

. i think about the potential for trajectory of option is you particularly given that shin is here, was it the vanguard off of reform, in the so called arab spring? so it's, it is an alarming moments i think, for, for, for those of us who care about democracy and political pluralism on the african continent. i mean, do you, citizens coming out in huge numbers on the 25th of july to vote for in the referendum? i don't think so. i think there is, there is that's why he did this as a minimum to to, to do it for them. i think there will be 500000 people just like in the online consultation that he did that i know goodness most ago. but i think that they read this problem with the opposition, that there is a division between go in and, you know,

or by cutting render. that's the main main main issue. while the yes the parts are, they decided and they did because i like it or not is the people that want to even question the constitution and it will go both. yes, i am not just to the constitution. and what was interesting in the previous intervention is really a question that the home me read because fusion is were what i did with this 2014, which was the very bottom of the fusion. preventing the president from any in the business term where he couldn't do anything. now, what i side has done with this constitution with the 2014 constitution was

beyond imagination. and i'm just questioning myself and hoping that the my imagination isn't isn't bringing me to, to a possible. but what, what can i do with this constitution constitution? he is i, for presidential who, where there is a lot of loopholes that can lead us to court. okay. they in m a, lydia iraq, in india, egypt, and many other countries. the political parties that took over or were came under the hope of trying to stay away from the mindset that prevailed in the 60 seventy's eighty's all the way towards the ninety's and bring about an inclusive government with new ideas that would put an end to a corruption, embezzlement of public funds and dysfunctional governments, where they failed to do basically was reaching out to the people has thought of the

arab spring. do you think this could be the main reason why we're having these new phases in this part of the world where we're saying a talk rossi reinstated back? first of all, i would dispute the, the premise of the question. i mean, the premise of the question is that political parties in countries like iraq came to power with a view to promoting democracy and encouraging pluralism that, that's certainly not my impression of iraq and my country. so i can speak about it with a little bit more freely, but in the country like iraq, 2 parties were interested in plundering the state. and certainly not in the we're not interested in promoting democracy, the rule of law, social justice and so forth. i mean, if they wanted to do that, they would have been very easy for them. they had to choose amounts of resources at their disposal to achieve those things. but there is any evidence that when a country like iraq and there, i say this is like law school parties, how that is their objective? i mean, so, i mean, part of the problem that we have in the original countries in speaking very

generally, is that political party life political pluralism, was really designated over a period of around about half a century by extremely autocratic countries, regimes where they made it almost impossible, in some cases, completely impossible to engage in any meaningful political debate, political party activity, and so on, so forth. and then when suddenly there's a big change in the country like iraq in 2003. and the plugins are open and political parties can suddenly move in until the space that the autocrat has left for whatever reason. then you find that level of passive, either level of forming their capacity to foreign policies and then our 1st of all long distance. and then even they have no intention of doing so that everyone with any type of integrity is either left the country or has been executed. and that's really a problem for designing operations. ok, what you need to do. but you certainly want to avoid. hyper presidential isn't, but you can't just assume that political parties can do what it takes to create

a functioning democratic system. you need corrective measures and that was never done in the past. i mean, the general, the general environment was they, someone who is really frustrated with a political establishment would stage a coup. what is happening now is what people are coining legal autocrats like in different parts of the world. hungary, of russia, in venezuela, in different parts of the african continent, they use the constitution and democracy to just end up undermining both the constitution and democracy. yeah, i mean, we do have that knee at that taishan of constitutions to concentrate power all to extend. so some of it is about setting the term limits back to turn the clock back to 0 and having another 2 terms, some of it is indefinite rule. so that number different things happening, but it is a complicated pattern,

so you're absolutely right. they are all socratic advances, but there are also setbacks and movements forward of democracy. so it's not one pattern of the african continent, for example, is very complicated. there were 2 democratic advances last year, including through successful elections, which many people didn't expect incumbents to lose. and that was because the opposition organized themselves very effectively united and were able to remove those incumbents. having said that, there are other countries where that, that hasn't been possible. my worry about what's happening and sion is. yeah. is that, that we've seen this before. opposition parties might boycott the, the referendum may get more frustrated and then support other means that they are such such pathways as cruise non student unconstitutional changes of government. that was exactly what happened down on the west african coast last year in guinea, where frustrated politics, a referendum,

resulted in opposition parties encouraging the military to get involved. so this is very warranting. i mean, are we likely to see a confrontation, imminent confrontation between cases hyatt and his opponents after july 25th? well, it's complicated to answer the question because we need to identify his oppose because there is different oppositions. there is appointment. i do disagree on the person not on the project. the authoritarian project is in the reform of the constitution . the presidential system is supported by some of the actual like arguing with party, the former advocate for the 90 and and there is another form for there's other forms of opposition who are defending the 2014 constitution and they return to parliament parliamentary system. i think there is, there is,

there is a bustle in the position to, to, to feeling the turn it into. and that's what is going to be the key to understanding what, what, what is going to happen that you're going to be my last question. i'd appreciate if you can give me answers in less than 15 seconds. i'll be asking the 3 of you. i will start with you. they do think that it's about time to, to ask for something like more, more authorial on the constitutional reforms. to put an end to this being manipulated by the dictators and the auto cross to change the states. no, i don't think so because you can have a functioning democratic system without a, a well design constitution. it's not the only factor that you need to function, but you really do need a functional constitution. well, those are constitution. alex does more authority. and instead of just in one sentence that are more tory and what i would would, i would encourage is deep analysis of why things have gone for zillow. alex,

i think that needs to be leadership from the continental body, african again, but reform constitutions can be progressive. reform conversation and gone are at the moment which will strengthen that constitution. make it more democratic. i mean, i think importance is to focus on the political culture. i think what we are like, the idea is that you like to kind of go over as efficiently as the presidential says. thank you very much. in the gentleman z july, lee explains, i mean, soon as he, i really appreciate your insight looking forward to talking to you in the near future. we see what happens in tennessee and many other parts of the world. and thank you for watching. you can see the program again any time by visiting our website. i'll just the dot dot com for further discussion. go to our facebook page . that's facebook dot com, forward slash ha insights, or you can also join the conversation on twitter. i'll 100 is at a jane sites 40 for me, hash about about the entire team here in della bye. for now,

july on al jazeera campaign for the kenyan presidency begins in earnest, could a hotly contested battle lead to the violence that his mom previous elections. from the headlines to the unreported, people in power investigates the use an abusive power around the world to museum food in a referendum on a new constitution. could it spell the end for the only democracy to have emerged from the arabs? bring up rights as india is unprecedented, hate way, one or 18th goes to the fiery heart at the crisis center goal hedge to the pose with the main opposition parties uniting them. they wrestled power away from the ruling party. july on al jazeera, new voices eating up the airway. lot of chinese listeners can really hear what they

really think in their own country shifting power. they say the rise of citizen journalism has changed everything. how do you happen? it happened on social media and the undeniable impact of the mainstream narrative australians went to the pole with those images front of mine is a war that very much came forth out in the media as well as on the battlefield there. listening post. dissect the media on al jazeera in the early hours of the morning. these palestinian families are being forced to leave their homes and belongings. these are the military sometimes uses this area in the north of the occupied west bank as a training ground. explosions, like these often break the piece here. i feel for the children they get scared of the bombing. i tried to calm them down there, but we're scared to. these really are me, told them just either that it takes measures to protect civilians during the exercises. what is really, officers previously said, the trainings are used to push palestinians out 48 families once lived in this

village called zeek. now, there are only 20 people here, say they have nowhere else to go. so they have to stay out until it allowed to return to their home after midnight, and the military drill would continue for 3 days, crossed the country, destroying people's health homes and life. one on one east investigate india on fire on al jazeera, both journalism, the police violently, the fussing protest this. these are some of good tens of thousands of people try to play global, inspire to program making. welcome to generation change unrivalled broadcasting. white people did not want black children in their schools. we have to fight forecasted and al jazeera english proud recipient. the new york festivals broadcaster of the year award for the 6 year running.

ah, israel says it will examine the bullet that killed al jazeera, jealous, sharina ratcliffe. that's despite palestinian officials being assured by the us that americans will be the ones to test the bullets. ah, hello, i'm emily anguish. this is al jazeera alive from dough house are coming up. moscow says explosions have killed at least 3 people in the russian city of belgrade, near the ukrainian border. oh yeah. i get in the.