this dictated space telescope ever made and makes observations in the infrared spectrum, a wave length of light not visible to the human eye. scientists were awed by the 1st images, navy people in a broken world. managing to do something right and to see some of the majesty that's out there. finally, this image gives a sense of the incomprehensible vastness of space and time. it is a deep look at a single area teeming with galaxies and stars. the light scene here originated 13000000000 years ago, less than a 1000000000 years after the big bang. scientists promise many more discoveries are ahead adding immeasurably to our understanding of the universe that we are a part of rob reynolds al jazeera. ah, what you all deserve me. so robin doe, reminder of our top stories, sir, lancaster,

president as sled the country following mass protests over the countries. economic crisis. got the by a raj, a box, and his wife voted a military plane bound for the mold eaves. he'd been hiding since crowds stole the presidential palace on saturday. but al fernandez is more from colombo, the shank and people have literally been sort of spellbound listening to you know, the travels of go to a very large box trying to get to one military base to an airport to mrs flights because immigration officers refuse to put stab his passport, so all of these things with the sort of web closing in and getting increasingly desperate. and the latest now we're hearing is in the last hour or 2. basically he bordered in 32 military flight that has also been confirmed to have arrived in the board of carrying the president, his wife, one military brigadier, who over here is a body guard and at least and one of the male passenger,

the latest hearing of the us house committee investigating the january 6th insurrection has focused on an oval office meeting, described as unhinged during tuesday session. republican representatives cheney also directly accused form of president donald trump, of witness tampering congressional investigators are seeking draw connections between trumps associates and right wing groups who stormed the capital in an effort to keep trump in office. despite losing the 2020 election for democratic senators in the u. s. have sent a letter to the secretary of state demanding answers to review of the killing of al jazeera gen machine clay. they say the most recent review doesn't live up to and lincoln's coal for independent and credible investigation. the un security council, the greed to extend cost board a deliveries him to serious last rebel held region. but any for 6 months. the last authorization expires on monday. and the finance ministers have given croatia the

final approval to adopt the euro currency next year. the decision was announced as the euro dropped to its lowest level against the us dollar in 20 years. last country to join the european single currency era was lithuania. in 2015. those were the headlines. i'll be back with more news and half law here on our reserve. next, it's inside story. ah. 8000000000 people on earth by november. that's the forecast from the united nations thought global population growth is slowing down, and many society is also getting older. so how do we deal with the challenges ahead? this is inside story. ah

hello there and welcome to the program. i'm the star theater. now the world's population is growing, but at had slowest pace in 70 is not the conclusion of the un place of global population forecast. we are generally living longer and healthier lives than previous generations. but this, the report also says, we'll have huge implications for our economy, social welfare systems, and our environment. now, the number of people on our planet is expected to hit 8000000000 by november, and then increased by half, a 1000000000 towards the end of this decade. but birth rates, meanwhile, are falling in many countries. in the coming years, global population growth will be concentrated in just 8 nations democratic republic of congo, egypt, ethiopia, nigeria, pakistan, the philippines, tanzania, and india,

which is expected to surpass china as the most populous nation on the planet next year. the global population is also getting older, on average, a person is expected to live to 77 years by 2050. that's up from 732019. well, the director of the united nations population division explains the effects of aging society as worldwide. traditionally, we had many more children than older people to take care of. and now it's switching to a point where, you know, depending on how you define the age groups, the number of older people will eventually be larger than the number children. and this, this is simply cations for rather obvious reasons that you've got a lot of private and public arrangements to care for people that older ages. there are financial implications involved, especially for government budgets. but they're also real concerns about the living

conditions for those elderly people. what will that be like and will that, will there be adequate social protections to ensure that this growing population of older people is not impoverished? well, we'll bring in all of our guests in just a moment that fast this report from happening miss out and new delhi. next year, india is set to surpass china. and the gap between these 2 nations could increase by 2050. this could help india in many ways. for example, india has been pushing for more representation internationally. experts say that concerns and demands could carry more weight, especially at forums like the united nations. on the economic front. this makes india the world's largest consumer market one that could invite a lot more investment. now domestically population control has been a contentious electoral issue. experts have advocated for more focus on

reproductive rights and justice. this includes improving girls education, increasing the number of women in the workforce, and improving much on health. some of these efforts have been effective because the rate of population growth has slowed down considerably. but there are many challenges. the pandemic has reversed many of these gains. many women have been forced to quit the workforce, and there has been an increase in child marriages. experts say they need to be more awareness of family planning, becomes an issue of choice and not chance and coercion. oh, well, there's obviously plenty to take apart from this report, but i do want to start with where we are at the moment. we're obviously living in a pandemic. and i believe the report suggests 15000000 excess deaths just to the end of 2021. a full in life expectancy, but that all seems to be a bit of a blip given the trends that we're looking at. so we're mostly living longer,

but reproducing less, darrell, you wrote a book called empty planet just a couple of years back to you still think that that's the way we're headed in even faster than we were talking about in the books. and really that's a focus of all of this. we can talk about the panoramic we can talk about agents, can talk about those kinds of things. but the real part point you engine allison says fertility, and that's really work. so she planted is about of so what's happening to fertility rates for the recall option? well, with the medium fertility scenario, i believe the u. n is projecting that global population will peak before the end of this century. so 2086 at just over 10400000000 people, kathy, and i believe you were very much involved with the last un report on the world's population. so this projection is obviously, as darrel said, sooner than the last projection. what's driving that change? while my understanding is that the global population projections are put together every 2 to 3 years from a number of different national than this. and they haven't,

the long range projection have not changed too much over the years. right now we're at a world population about 7900000000. the medium projection as you, as you mentioned by 2100, we could be at 10400000000, but there's also a very wide range. there's a lot of uncertainty about population trends moving into the future and have a lot to do with the kinds of policies and programs that are in place in countries all over the world. so the u. s. has projected that the range of possible population futures by 2100, are from a low of 7000000000 to a high as were 2800000000. and it's a very wide range of possibility for how population could grow in the future. and i would argue that that has significant implications for the health and well being of people and for the health and wellbeing the plan will get into some of those trends in just a moment that i want to look at good. the growth that we're seeing on the horizon,

the immediate horizon, 8000000000 people on this planet by november give, will take a year, according to the report, and much of that growth is going to be taking place in india. so when i'm, i was looking at the number of bus per women and it actually seems to have dropped . so what's driving population growth there? so they did a number of factors. the 1st is education rich, as we all know, is the best conscious that says that goes that getting higher education levels are taking place back in. i believe the government has invested in family planning, the focused in the high district, them in the, in the very uneven situation by much of south india has reached the place level facility. in fact, 24 states and india and the 6 states and often have high fertility rate. the

rates are coming down because the government with new programming is focusing in the high fidelity to say, thought there is greater access. so bizarre, just number of gentle every time a new contraceptive is introduced, that is the extra credit. but that is increased globally or within any country ready to increase contraceptives, excuse new contraceptives from what was happening? introduced. and lastly, i'd like to think that to be the had a much higher degree, let's say amongst muslims. but the muslim facility has decline. very sharp, specially in the last decade and growing up as well as the fact that value education for god more than they used to is what is helping. and

finally, h as marriage is increasing, which also has put in the decline as well as for 4 months shy and annually thing going on. despite all of that, though, we are still expecting india to overtake china as well as population. the worst wells most populated country by potentially next year. and i see that already beginning to spend talk of a permanent fees on the un security council. now given the trends that we're seeing and where this population growth is taking place, darrow let me ask you what kind of political shifts should we be looking for? or i think we should be increasingly looking for population power to drive political power. and what we haven't brought up here is the only continent that in the world in which the risk significant growth, it's a going long term, longer term is future. and that's africa because that's really the only continent or i guess region depending on how you want to define it. that really has still

above replacement rate population. both china, i mean the 3, the world's largest, 3 countries, china, india and knighted states or recorded historic lows last year or the last couple of years, further fertility rates. so they're not going to be challenging for global population dominance, whether we're increasingly it's going to be a focus on africa. i want to get into africa in a moment. but because of pin, i'm talking about reproductive rights. i want to also bring in at this point, the un secretary general's response to the population forecasts that we saw and turn you could. harris says it's an occasion to celebrate the health achievement that of extended life spans and reduce child mortality worldwide. but he did also criticize what he called renewed assaults on a women's right to access health services and to make informed choices on whether or not to even have a baby complications from pregnancy and childbirth are among the leading causes of death for girls between the ages of $15.00 to $19.00 parts of africa and south asia account for 86 percent of maternal deaths worldwide. and last month the u. s.

supreme court overturned ro vessel way, the landmark ruling that guaranteed abortion rights. meanwhile, poland has also restricted access to the procedure, is obviously boston at chrissy when it comes to reproductive rights. and kathleen, how does that then translate into broader patterns of inequity? i think one of the most fascinating things to think about and to look at when we're, when we're examining population, trying to understand what they tell us about persistent inequities across society. whether that's inequities in reproductive rights and reproduce access to reproductive health care, which is still a huge problem for many people from young women and girls around the world who would like to be able to delay pregnancy or avoid pregnancy, but don't have access to meaningful information and services that would enable them to achieve reproductive autonomy. there's a very basic fundamental human right for reproductive autonomy that hundreds of

millions of people around the world still do not have. it also tells us a lot about gender inequity and the ways in which girls, hundreds of millions of girls are not able to go to school. the ways in which women do not have are not empowered in the workforce or, or in the household to be able to really realize opportunities in their lives that include motherhood but extending beyond motherhood. so a lot of what is driving persistent, rapid population growth, which as are other guests that is happening in africa, but also in pockets all across the world is indication of a lack of rights in inequities, especially in the health and gender space. well, let's turn to africa now because looking at the numbers, more than half of the growth we're expecting by 2050 is going to come from africa by which time i believe nigeria is set to become the 4th most populous country on the planet. we're looking at decreasing reproduction rates around the wild as

people get richer, but i know there are also some expense to argue that africa is race of decrease is actually less or slower than perhaps some other parts of the developing. well, because culturally, the ideal family size is larger than elsewhere, darrell, what do you make of the fash? wasn't the 1st thing in the u. n. recognizes this in their report to the data from africa are great support, which we don't really know precisely what's going on at africa. but, you know, if, if the past is prologue, i expect that the trends that we see in other parts of the world that you know, are of moved incredibly rapidly in terms of changing their fertility. or it's mainly as a result of culture that the effect of that is going to be significant in africa to we're just having a pretty difficult time measuring it. but in places where we do have better data, say for example, like kenya, where they do have good population data. you look at the the fertility rate in a place like my roby and it's pretty close to replacement, right?

so the trends that are happening everywhere else world are also happening in africa . we just don't know how fast because it's really hard to get a handle on what's going on for too much. you're so welcome, have paid demographics in africa. the ones that we do have are also really interesting. and nigeria, i believe 70 percent of its 200000000 people right now currently under 30. so the population growth that we're seeing there is also a rise in the working age population. this so called demo demographic dividend. that could either be an opportunity for economic growth, potentially a cause for political strife. premium. how have you seen that be played out in india? so india, the main reason they go is because we have 360000000 young people for many who are productive or they're ready soon. but in india we keep talking about the demographic because we have a large you're talking,

they shouldn't. but the problem is that the bidding know is small, it is not a bomb. and so the we know for harvesting the dividend is real close to senior more in after an average some states a little longer. we have to invest in young, deeper education, but more than that job. but the demographic delivery to take place and become a reality. we have been less been jobs at this point of time. that is huge number of young people who are not killed to even take advantage of the job opportunities that are doing. so if you don't do something very quickly, in terms of error trade names and getting a job for young people, we are going to have a demographic does that. so, so right now we are on the high,

i'm the have an opportunity and i must say that they in the vision it is very automatic graphic, dividends will happen. so in the india, we are buying this killing and so on. the also need to have more temporary and then greater expense for young people on deception and finding the education, especially installation and reproductive. not just the right suggested. we also need to find the planning temporary met in your focus, the brand matter on the line, which is the permanent, by young people need access to the temporary and they don't plan families. they need access to contraception for the earlier. begin to recognize and bring in in school the schools. great. the information on that i

repeat skills is something the other way but give drafting way and i'm i will bring in kathleen hand because i see you nodding and agreeing with much of that kathleen. but do you see this demographic dividend as a potential threat or only an opportunity? well, one of the things that's really critical to understand about the demographic dividend is that it is realized when there is a decline in fertility. that is the thing that triggers the demographics of it, and so that's a proportion of the population that is in the working age is larger. and as i mentioned, it is a brief period of time requires this decline in fertility. it also requires investments in education and employment opportunities for that brief period of time

that we have this really large a large cohort of the population in the working age. so if it's not simply the demographic, the dividend does not com simply from rapid population growth is rapid population growth followed by a period of fertility. the wind that results in this big chunk of the population in the working age round. and that is really difficult to accomplish, but there are a lot of opportunities for it. but it does require lots of investment in contraceptive options. as when i was mentioned in sexuality education and things that advanced gender equity in access to reproductive health care, in a wide range of contraceptive methods. and then also the plethora of education and employment opportunities that need to be ready for this very large cohort. that is coming into the working totally said, but that, so i also has some political implications having darlin here. and what do you make of where this could shift things particularly for the developing world?

well, actually, i think the really interesting thing for me and listening to this conversation is how much this conversation is gonna change over the next 10 to 15 years. because the conversation is going to shift from this kind of 19 seventies. you know, overpopulation population bomb type of, of, of, of discourse over to one in, in particularly in the developed world. ready is going to get very controversial about how do we promote having children because we've got many countries now and you and identify them. quarterly was 61. they're now actually experiencing population decline. countries like like italy, for example, or losing 50000 people year from their population to pan loses about half 1000000 people from their population every year. ah, but spain loses about $50000.00 people from their population every year. we have a whole series of countries in places like eastern europe in which the, the numbers are even more shock. so what we're going to start seeing as a shift in the conversation, i think in, in,

away from just meeting the challenges of developing world to start talking about what we're going to do in terms of population management and countries that are really going to be challenged by aging and shrinking populations by 2030, the entire global baby boom is going to be 65 years of age or older. oh, we're not ready for that. well, let's talk about the aging population and pin. i'm how that in playing out in india because we're talking about and broader population of older people living longer. that has result. and richard millis implications of a thing. yeah, that is actually something that's baby. why didn't for those, the population issues because it does not have any social security, it's fine. i'm show. so we are but it about the population. but there isn't much what's being done in india, fully action off the default of the when that they was even

conversation beginning about aging and india percentage of the boat. they choose migration from the village in that it is very big java k giving on. so for the aged and i, india has to prepare for making you know, what has coverage a reality for a product in public has systems. we have to be imagine public health systems which recognize your finding that we are. and i see, you see, i think frank mentioned investment for support and so on to the aged population is something that we'll have to plan for and investing. i want this point, sorry,

i tend to the environment because i don't want us to run out of time before getting there. and we're talking really about constraints on resources here. and obviously a huge one is what we're going to see in terms of climate change impacts. a lot of this population growth is going to be taking place in climate vulnerable areas. mean at the very simplest level, more people on the planet means more strained on resources. we're already seeing concerns around food security at kathleen. are you worried about the population trends with the i am very worried about it, and i, i want to disagree with, with daryl a little bit about what, which of the population trends we need to be most concerned about. certainly an aging population is something that we need to plan for per air for and have adequate social security systems in place to, to manage and an aging population. and to think about how he adequately employ a smaller workforce portion of population workforce in some places. but i really

think that the larger problem is that the population is still growing globally from around 8000000 today. and it could be up to 14000000000 by the end of the century. hopefully it won't be there, but it has a lot on what we invest in. okay, and i will bring in daryl here because we are talking about this and decline and, and this is going to happen literally within the next 100 years. so obviously a debate about whether that's a good thing, daryl go for it or look, any estimate the says it can be between 8 and 14000000 is but why don't we make and serve? and unfortunately is a 100 percent variation. it's not really much of an estimate. and really when you take a look at it, what really, what's options of hold on for to leave? i let you talk, let me talk. if you take a look at the work, the, to the billing melinda gates foundation, published on the lancer, that was done by a whole global series of artifacts. and it was done pre, coven. there don't even come close to that number. i mean, so i, i really have

a lot of questions about how un does it's more like, i think this whole population momentum are serious. just that theory. i think there's a lot of cultural change that's taking place around all of these things that are actually going to clark cause fertility declined to accelerate the population increases. not going to get even close to $10400000.00 people were going to be probably somewhere between $8.90 people, which is not much, far, also further off where we are today. but it's going to be a very different mix of people. they're gonna be highly urbanized and they're gonna be much, much older population of them this year. that's the challenge will truism should but have challenges and opportunities. well, we'll have to leave our discussion there for today, but we'll be keeping an eye on how this all plays out over the coming decades and centuries. and thank you to all of our guests. that's kathleen mobile god, darrell, brca and pin. i'm a treasure and thank you to for watching. you can see this program again any time

by visiting our website al jazeera dot com, and for further discussion digger to our facebook page, that's facebook dot com, forward slash ha inside story. and remember, you can also join the conversation on twitter. i'll handle is at a inside story for me and the stars it hey, on the whole team here. and uh huh. 5, ah aah! joe biden is set to visit israel, the palestinian territory, and saudi arabia in an ultimate test of foreign policy set. during his election campaign, were ending all american support for offensive operations in the war in yemen. what

we've done by the actions that we've taken is not to rupture the relationship but to recalibrate as russia and china compete for influence over the region of at a moment of great up evil over us, get back in the game. biden, in the middle east on al jazeera housing has become a commodity instead of a human rights, mag, you, some people, the ability to take advantage of others, the elite feel free to violate basic laws, the working classes that have lost a lot of ground in our society, a un special reporter on adequate housing travels the world, investigating a global crisis as people are evicted to clear the way for investors and properties too often left empty, push a witness documentary on al jazeera. we understand the differences and similarities of cultures across the world center might have when you call home will, but you can use in current affairs. that matter to you, al jazeera world meets full remarkable bos knew women survivors after those closest

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following mass proto.