a less wanting to to face, i think will be quite confident with the chances against the others, but more than i think is still the dog holes in this race. and in the debate this evening, she perform a solid performance, maybe a little bit out of her depth in terms of experience compared to the luxury, she see not least trusts who serve the most senior government positions. but should we please that she's not done anything to necessarily be right or campaign and, and take you for them to be on to the next stages. the coven 19 pandemic has caused what unicef and the world health organization of described as the largest back slide in childhood, vaccinations and generation. last year 25000000 children missed out on routine vaccinations that protect against life threatening diseases. that 6000000 more than before. the pandemic back in 2019 and the check number of children received. no vaccinations. rose by 37 percent between 20192021. vaccination against

measles is at its lowest level since 2008 at just 81 percent of children. last year 24700000 children missed out their 1st dose of the measles vaccine. and another 14700000 did not get the crucial 2nd wps. ah, this is al jazeera, these, your top stories for language parliament has begun the process of choosing the next president prime minister serrano become a singer, is serving, is acting president until a new leader is in place that should happen within the next 7 days. when l fernandez has moved from colombo, if he's acting president, what did go toby raj, epoxy leave as then? did he have presidential immunity? then did he have the authority to scramble and military aircraft to fly him out of the country? so there seems to be a lot of questions unanswered,

but if we are to take what the speaker is being quoted as saying that he has a pointed run over grimacing as acting president, it would seem that he has the authority to declare that emergency to, to pull the message out on its streets. yes, president joe bought in his g to meet golf leaders and the regional heads of stay on the final day of his middle east tool. he's been criticized for a fist bob with the crowding. saudi crown prince, who u. s. intelligence accused of killing the jealous jamal cause should g u. s. authority say they will seek the immediate expedition of the notorious mexican drug, lord raphael carro can terror. he was captured by mexican naval forces on friday. can taro, hampton, on the f. b. i's most wanted list with a $20000000.00 reward offered for his capture. the israeli military says it's launched and asked strike on a hamas target in garza off to walk us were fired towards israel. the army says at hit weapons manufacturing site says at least 2 rockets were fired from casa over

the southern israeli city bhaskar lawn. and one was intercepted by its ad defense system. tony's president and g ging paying has visited ginger, dying in wants believe to be his 1st trip. thus since a crackdown against the weaker muslim minority aging has been accused of committing human rights abuses against the weakest. okay. there's a headlines coming up next in size. sorry. on counting the cost could and joe biden re, engagement with saudi arabia helped to stabilize the oil market dependent. my minister has won a new mandate, what's next for the economy, and can argentina rain and storing inflation and poverty. counting, the cost on elders in the hunt has begun for other habitable planets. the 1st images from the james web space telescope a been released, they offer the most detailed and comprehensive view of the solar system we've ever

seen. how will that change our understanding of the universe? this is inside store. ah. hello, welcome to the program. i'm burnett's, we can see further into the depths of the universe than ever before. it's taken decades and hundreds of millions of dollars to invent and deploy the technology we needed to get a better look of the cosmos. but why scientists going to all this trouble? what are they hoping to achieve? we'll chat to our guests in a moment. first, rob reynolds report, size enormous galaxies, locked in a cosmic dance, billions of stars, and planets, 300000000 light years from earth. this is one of the spectacular images taken by

the web space telescope unveiled for the 1st time. what you're seeing is just a weeks worth of data. think what we're going to learn in 20 years. i think of the answers that we're going to get to the questions. we don't even know enough to know what the questions are to them. and in the process, we're going to learn more about who we are, what we are, what is our existence in this cosmos, ah, we are looking back in time almost to the beginning. the image of the so called stephens quintet shows to galaxies, colliding and merging with one another, impelled by the force of gravity. one of the galaxies features a bright spot. scientists have identified as an active black hole, the gas and dust lighting up as it spills into the gravitational event horizon.

this image shows a stellar nursery with brightly shining new stars being born at the edge of a vast region of gas and dust. this is the corina nebula, which is part of our own milky way galaxy. the level of detail showing structures and bubbles in the enormous cloud is finer than any other telescope is capable of. this image shows a dying binary star surrounded by super heated hydrogen gas and other materials spun off from the stars core elements which will re form into other stars, planets. and perhaps in time living things, webb, which was launched in december, is a joint project of nasa and the european and canadian space agencies. it took more than 20 years to build an plus $10000000000.00. it's the most sophisticated space telescope ever made and makes observations in the infrared spectrum, a wave length of light not visible to the human eye. scientists were awed by the

1st images. maybe people in a broken world, managing to do something right, and to see some of the majesty that's out there. finally, this image gives a sense of the incomprehensible vastness of space and time. it is a deep look at a single area teeming with galaxies and stars. the light scene here originated 13000000000 years ago, less than a 1000000000 years after the big bang. scientists promise many more discoveries are ahead. adding immeasurably to our understanding of the universe that we are a part of rob reynolds al jazeera ah, and light spring in our guest in london, we have francisco diego. he's a senior research fellow university college, london's physics and astronomy department in baltimore. a maya morrow. martin is an

astronomer at the space telescope science institute. i'm one of the scientists who selected the images which i've seen and in boston. ivy lobe is a theoretical physicist and professor of science at harvard university. welcome to you all. thank you very much for joining us. first of all, francisco, we had a little bit of an introduction there about what james webb is designed to do. tell us more about why it's often described as a time machine. isn't it francisco? well, it is a tie machine. in fact, everything is a thank machine because with the speed of light we are, i was looking at the past. i can see the screen in front of me. i see it was probably a couple of nanoseconds i go. so on this, on the moon one second i go on this all night minutes i go, etc, etc. but looking deep, deep into the space, we are talking not hours, not days, not years, but not even millions. when talking thousands of millions of years in the past, when the light from these distant object that we see, especially in the 1st image that was released left as some of those objects more

than 13000000000 years ago. so it is fascinating. now we're looking a machine in the past, of course, or i will go through the images specifically in a moment. but a maya, why is this a game changer? i think it's a game changer because it is, it represents it. what is the culpability of these marvelous piece of engineering that james web is right? i know a, we selected the image is that represents, it broke that rain. it's a range of sciences that corresponds to the 4 pillars a that it inside in astronomy, that games wet wanted to address from there. and very early universe to, you know, a study self except planets and planets in our solar systems. i'm a, it's a, what we are seeing in this image. yes, i mean, it's a spectrum. is a promise is the hall that we will be able to address many of their hot topics that

are a hunting us a scenes. and you know, we have a conscious of who we are like are we alone in the universe? how the, the only started. ok. well it's, it's not often obviously we have 3 guests to a beaming from the start of the show within, within through the asthma. what's, what's happening ivy? i'm how close are we getting men to the origins of our universe with this telescope? well, we think that the 1st stars formed around a 100000000 years after the big bad before that the universe didn't have much structure in it. and then we can look back in time and figure out our course recruits it. there are questions about where we came from and already in the 1st chapter of the all the testament, i let there be light. and in fact, with the web telescope, we could find the 1st light from the 1st galaxies, the 1st stars. and of course, the 2nd fundamental question is when was life created in the universe and how about

that? that is a us. and again, the web telescope can look at the x o planets can look at the nurseries of those planets and to inform us about the likelihood of finding life out there. and i've just technically is relying on ultraviolet light letters understand why that's why it's relying on ultraviolet light. well actually it focuses on infrared, which is a, yeah, not visit the human eye, but, and stars like the sun, they admit visible light. that's why we close to that star and have eyes that are sensitive to visible light. however, as the result of the expansion of the universe, this light, the wave length of the light gets stretched by the cosmic expansion by a factor of 10 to may be 50 for the earliest stars. and then as the result that the wavelength goes into the infrared band and that's were the web telescope operates.

i was on the 1st an advisory committee that designed the stead a scope. and the goal was to be sensitive to the light coming from the 1st stars. and the 1st stars are quite different than the sun. there were more massive. they emitted primarily ultraviolet light. okay. and uh, francisco just wants to ask you before we look at the photographs that near cam that took these images, it uses something called kero. carnell graphy. just help us understand what that is . a well known, this image is done, done that they're not using the coroner graphy. they could on a graph, a sunny cement that simulates us solar eclipse, or an honest ella eclipse. because when you have a solar eclipse, you can see the code on it, which is the out there part of the, of the atmosphere of the sun. so it describing an honest woman designing a nice woman. not this able to though that optically you come block the like with a star and producer kind of artificial it started clips even like so. you can see

multiple mostly corona, the start, but any objects, any at deborah, any kind of material that would be forming a new solar system does the, does the, the technique of choreography, but none of this image is copying them so far. they have been produced by that technique a my a you were involved in selecting these pictures. that of the 1st pictures have been released, which is a novel. i have a look at them now. the 1st one is this one cool webs. first deep field could just help us understand what we're seeing here on the, on those red arcs. and how long ago was it? here we are probably one of these faint bluffs on, on the bluffs here are galaxies. and the only a stars that we can see in this image are those that show these diffraction pattern that looks like a, a snowflake. those are near via stars, and all they, all they're fussy, those here are galaxy is we haven't really taken a spectra of a dozen of these galaxies. and they all, this one that we've seen emitted, it's like a when the universe was about 1000000000 years,

all so when the universe was very, very damp. and, but probably one of these fussy galaxies is a farther than way that we've seen. and we just need to wait to analyze the spectra and would analyze the spectrum means is that we break the light that a comes from the cell gets into their waveland into its different colors. and in this we can see it right there. this is fingerprints of a different types of atom, so we can learned about the composition these very early galaxy is and how do they able lucian, of the universe. this velocity is this, is this a newly form stars contributed to add to the chemical composition on june, on the curve on the oxy, on the nitrogen that we have in our bodies was not a form at the beginning. it was form it,

it verse out it from the they nuclear process that happen in the star. so it's a wonderful machine to see how these elements appear in the universe and how these galaxies evolve from the very early ones to the ones we have in our local universe . abby, avi, this is the southern ring. nebular seen described as a, as a stella graveyard. what it, what is, are showing us when, when a star dies is some of the mass of the star gets expelled? that's what would happen to the sun. it will eventually use up all the nuclear fuel that he has and it will not be able to burn o'connor fuel. a star is simply a nuclear reactor held by gravity. so at the end, the star we've cool off, but we'll send out some material to the so called interest that are medium and that creates these beautiful. and so the silhouettes that we see here, we're the interaction of these mature and with the surrounding medium creates these

beautiful rings and, and that's then the future of our local neighborhood. and i would like to emphasize also that in the image that the maya was describing before, we tend to keep our eyes on starlight, those islands that are bright. but there is a lot of darkness in between them. and the, the reason i emphasize that is actually what we see is just the tail of the dog. ah, it gravity is dominated by dark matter, which makes up these dark regions between the galaxies and we still don't know what most of them math are in the universe is saw in a way the message is that them, it, we should then explore the unknown. ah, our knowledge is an island in an ocean of ignorance, i just off very quickly on dark mats of this, i'm reading is like a sort of a, a theoretically, influential of cosmic scaffolding. so do you think web might be able to uncover the

mystery of dark matter for us will help us on ivy? well, i web is just looking at light. okay. and i saw that informs us about properties of the dark matter. ah, we can find it dark, that the nature of the dark matter, either by detecting it and through laboratory experiments like the large hadron collider, was trying to smash particles and generate some dark matter. unfortunately, we didn't. ah, another approach is to see some signatures of dartmouth, or in the lights, that they will reveal it's identity. i don't think the web hasn't necessarily better chance than ground based that has got to do that, but it will inform us a much more. busy about the early universe and the very 1st galaxies that formed tell us something about the dark metal. yes. ok. a francisco where we're going to look at wasp 96. now, while we talked to this, capturing the signature of water around the planet is web. gonna help us look for

worlds like earth that could support like, cuz this is what a lot of people really non scientist really fascinated by. well yes, i mean the, are they web space telescope or with a is that through glass being how come the effect the fingerprints are, sir? as we have said before, the fingerprints were chemical elements in the atmosphere of these planets. so our walk, their presence would walked in the most beautiful planet, he saw i r. r one are very good or condition that we need in order to have life from a plan. you did the holy grail or foster about that you will be to that, that not only walk there as we seen this picture, but for the molecular oxygen in the atmosphere because that would be the signature of bio or bio producer. good for you. bio bio process is especially photosynthesis. so, so far or molecular oxygen hasn't been detected, but the space they hook the,

the james webb may be able to do that. and that would be a major, major thing. there are several admissions, one of them actually for my institution, your seo, but that going to exactly examine the atmosphere. so it's not all our plan is that we have so many, i'm not your hard work in the future. ok, my of the last 2 will quickly go through with you. steve stephens quinn sat, this one the, it's almost a 1000 separate image, separate image files. this is i've seen described as galaxies, locked in a cosmic dance. go through that one with me quickly. right. so this is a measurement, i seen vance of destruction and creation at the same time. because these are that you see the doing, the galaxies isn't really pockets of a star formation that has been trigger i. d. 's to alex is interacting and the, just a wonderful laboratory to study how galaxies interact with each other. i'm because this is relatively, this is a complex of galaxies is relatively nearby, but in the early universe, in fact, the galaxy is what very, very common. and this is actually how galaxies grow. so is that in this type of

interactions can help us learn how galaxy is a change from the very early universe and how they compare to the ones that we see today. and lastly, the cosmic cliffs in the, in the korean a nebula, this one was like craggy mountains. what this is the most seems the most arresting image. what have we got there? well, this, i have to say that i had the under to resend this image. and the event that we had that the science is pe seller stuff on the air. this is just amazing. this what we see here that looks like a starry night. and this is really the edge off and never lot were a countless of a star. some planets are being born and their highest, they're the high massa stars that are the hottest, and that the have very strong radiation and it's still always covered by the form at the top of that or the image. and they are a basically arrow the little by little vanilla. and we have, we can see actually

a missed like and miss that is lifting. this is really hot gas and hot bass that is being evaporated from the nebula. but all these destruction is happening at the same time that a countless of the stars and planets are born. and you can see these in this pillars and that was seen and they will other areas that are more dense and i resist in the air ocean and because they are more dense and they are affected by the radiation. the so cedric i've seen stability is that makes they best as regions collapse and then we can see outflows coming from a stars that are in the process of creation. so this image is not only absolutely beautiful, but it's also full of new beginnings. ok, well, avi, over the next 6 months we're going to be seeing the results of studies from nurses, early release science programs, that is only the start what, what else are we good to expect? well, 1st of all, we can get a much deeper image of the universe. the, for the 1st one was just half a day in terms of looking at a deep into the sky. and i'm sure that it already contains

a new information because the telescope is, has 7.3 times the area of the hubble space telescope. the fundamental thing we need to keep in mind is, nature is much more imaginative than we are. and therefore we have to look and just by looking, we will be governor thinks there is no doubt in my mind that the most exciting discoveries are yet to come, that we cannot even imagine at this point, even the deep field of the hover space, their scope was not conceived when the telescope was constructed, nobody thought that it would be that way. and so let's just stay tuned and be humble. a sense of cosmic modesty is in place, because the universe surprises us very often. so let's just look and enjoy the show . francesco, 2 of the studies are devoted so exit planets including that the trappist one system . why is this generating so much interest that system or for extra solar planets is

extremely important because it has planets which are very similar to the earth. and they are also what the said or call the goldilocks on, which is, are so not on the star. when you can have liquid walked on the surface of a planet where the temperature is such that the air is not too close or not too far away. so the water come to remain in liquid state on the surface of the planet. so this is why the that system is so important. what's next? how long can we hope that the telescope will keep sending us pictures for that then us got was the saying to last him on a fight. yes. back unexpected life of 10 years back and thank still. busy i am and the launch was so efficient that a lot of feel was it was concerned and the expectation is that this telescope will last for 2 decades. so as abby said, there is plenty of room for the any stack there that it is really dishonest, specter discoveries, that many pounds 3, how does j only exceed knowledge?

ave did seem to be of a flawless launch. but what are the risks to the telescope though, while it's while it's in orbit lead the cosmic tusks just hitting the mirrors? that sort of thing. what are we going to be careful for? it said those micro meteorites, one of them is heat. they're one of the segments self ah, in may, and we just the keep our fingers crossed that then not that too many will hit the telescope during the lifetime because it obviously that would be the biggest risk for degrading they optical capabilities of that. those of these tiny mit micro meteorites that create this small crater on the surface said these in mirror that the primary mirror is made of fed barithium coated with gourd than you know, we want to keep it as clean as possible without much damage. ah, so i should mention one more thing we focused on than most this done sources of

light in the universe. i should say that also the nearest ones are quite exciting, and that's a subject that the my, i and i a horn very dear to our heart. there is a chance of interstellar objects that enter the solar system and the web that a scope is a 1000000 miles away from earth. so if we look at the nearby object with web and with ground based telescope, we would see from different directions, allowing us to pin down the 3 dimensional trajectory of the object to an extreme precision. never before did we have it that a scope so far away from earth that allows us to translate on the location of interesting objects like those that come from outside the solar system. francisco isa surprised, there is still much left to be discovered. is that much left to be discovered? i think i am, when we are talking about sizing genet i'll medi follow is new to be discovered. wheeler know what is going to come, but we know is going to be fantastic. these machines that mean the large fathom could either they, they james webb,

they're really expanding our knowledge of the universe ending microscope, the way i'm noticing the microscope, the way the discoveries are going to be on may. so we can model is predict, we know model is how the universe works. for example, the thing about mac, that which is a major, a major, this is what we call that about that and dark energy. if you see the 1st image that was published by the, by the, by nasa where you see a lot of concentric structures along around this cluster of galaxies, which is relatively close by. and in the far distance, there are many more galaxies that, that'd be started by the gravity of these, for the wind, the loss of ice, then the out, the distortion of light that these making, these are distortions because of the muscle, the galaxies. but because of the muscle, the, of the dark mat which is around the, around these are these galaxies as well. so, who knows? i mean, we're going to discover amazing things. the new generation of astronomers are going

to have a very challenging, but very rewarding times. a very quickly my are about those new generations of astronomers, how it, how much feedback, if you had from the young people who are going to be making these discoveries in the future. how important is this? i think this is very important because as we have learned from where from, from hello, from the holiday space telescope is that they did the color has produced are now part of our subconscious is how we might in that universe. so i think with, with it's turning every b a also is going to be, you know, part of our system shows, again, this is going to even increase this. this image is right adding more color. i think more information is going deeper in the universe. so i think i started me such a great cook for authority, generations to be attracted to extend disciplines to the science mathematics engine year. so i think that's one of the most valuable things that

a web can contribute to. while i'm afraid, our 30 minutes seems have gone by faster than the speed of light, but thanks to our seller guests. francisco diego, a maya morrow, martin, an avi load and thank you to for watching. you can see the problem again. any time by visiting our website, al jazeera dot com, and for more debate, go to our facebook page. that's facebook dot com, forward slash ha inside store. you can also join the conversation on twitter. we are at a j inside store for me, bernard smith, and the whole team here and go ha ah ah, each and every one of us, it's got a responsibility to change our person with

. we could do this experiment, and if by diversity could increase just a little bit, that wouldn't be worth doing. anybody had any idea that it would become a magnet who is incredibly rare species. when you get 50 percent representation in the constituent assembly here, getting these people, they got to collect the get the same with streaming service that they provide to the city. why do we we need to take america to trying to bring people together and trying to deal with people who can left behind as only 4 months to go to the world cup and the clock is ticking as teams and fans prepare the car. so 2022, we'll have updates from different regions across the globe. this month,

the focus is on africa and synagogue. male to challenge for the tropi to winning the africa cup of nations. will be cameroon. gona nicea o morocco, it's the alicia join us for the world. go countdown on al jazeera. ah al jazeera, with every you ah, all from the world's most populated region. in depth stories from across asia and the pacific diapers, coaches, and conflicting politics. one 0 one east on al jazeera. ah.