beauty of the stadium is the, it will have many more opening games in different countries and different cultures and in different locations. but also because i think the 1st stage in the world which, which has this overpowering sustainability statement to it. in addition to stadium 974, seats, and components of other venues, will be donated to developing countries in need of sport infrastructure. with the non profit group, carbon market watch says to offset emissions. the material would need to be used multiple times, especially if shipped thousands of kilometers away by using recycled materials, reducing construction costs, and developing green and living spaces near stadiums. cut are is hoping it created monuments to sustainability that will inspire future world cup host.

natasha game, l. jazeera, doha. ah . hello again. the headlines on algae 0. iran is hosting a summit on the war in syria, this being overshadowed by conflict in ukraine. the turkish on the iranian leaders will be joined by russian president vladimir putin was on his 2nd foreign trip since the start of the russian invasion. a scorching heat wave in europe is fueling dozens of wild fires across the continent. they've burned through thousands of hector, as in france, greece, portugal, and spain. the u. k is also bracing for what is predicted to be. it's hot as day on records. natasha butler has more from paris on the situation in francis jerome region. the very difficult situation in the south west of frogs and the huron region where a fire fighters have been tackling those huge wildfires. now a for

a week they started exactly a week ago. they have destroyed an area. we understand that is twice the size of central power. so that gives you a just a sense of how vase those wildfires are. there is though, perhaps some hope that the situation could improve for the firefighters. the emergency services there because what we've seen, our temperatures dropped quite considerably overnight by more than 10 degrees from about 40 to about 2728 degrees in that region. that's certainly going to help sri lanka, parliament has announced the 3 candidates nominated to becomes to relinquish next president. they include interim leader and former prime minister renelle wickham, a singer, a final vote is expected on wednesday. at least 50 people have died after a boat capsized and central pakistan. local government says the vessel was overloaded. most of the passengers were women and children. at least 13 inmates had been killed in fading in a prison in ecuador,

2 others were injured in the violence in a town aly 80 kilometers in the capitol. tito, $44.00 inmates, died and fighting at the same present in may. the government blames gangs vying for control. we'll have more news at the top of the our up next. it's insight story by, by the beef, the hype of english football lies in elicit market for the rich and powerful i was reading 1st word. under cover al jazeera investigative unit exposes the inner workings of key players in the murky underbelly of football finance. he's appointed me to sell something like one. in addition, it has been said that you can make an elephant disappear. i have many of it's excited say, most brazen example. i said the man who so football on and just either heat waves sweeping across the northern hemisphere with them come more severe and long lasting while fires. is this all down to climate change and is it too late to do

anything about this is inside store? ah hello, welcome to the program. i'm bernice europe, north america and china. a baking in rec, called breaking heat waves in delhi in india is already hit $49.00 degrees this year. 12 above the average. the heat has brought wildfires, particularly to western europe, forcing thousands of people from their homes. in the u. k, people are bracing for temperatures to hit 40 degrees celsius for the 1st time. the nation's weather office issued its 1st ever red alert, or extreme heat. the scorching weather is fueling more than 30 blazes in spain and portugal. thousands of people have been forced from their homes and

a seeking refuge in makeshift shelters. drought conditions have made areas between the 2 countries. susceptible to wild fight. france is on its high state of alert for extreme temperatures. to large fires in the south, keeping emergency services busy. thousands have been evacuated and kilometers of land lost to the flames. latasha buffalo reports from power will run surprisingly not many people are braving the heat. at the foot of the eiffel tower record breaking temperatures expected in many paul, the france including in the north in brittany, an area that is no usually for very cool climate. now the french government have put several regions on red alerts. they have advised people to be extremely vigilant. they've rolled out the heat wave emergency plan advising people to stay at home, stay in the shade and keep very hydrated. indeed, it's not so heat waves are uncommon in from the usually they are several years

apart. climate change experts say that because of the changing temperatures, what we are seeing if he weighed for the more intense and more frequent this heat wave. in fact, is the 2nd one in just a few weeks, but dry hold, whether it's 30 exacerbated the situation for fire fighters would be battling blazes in the south west of france this year round a region. thousands of people have been evacuated from camp sites and homes in the area. it is part of faults and stapled her indeed with holiday makers. particularly of course, at this time of year in the summer break. will meteorologist say, though, that there is some respite on the horizon for 5 fighters and emergency services there with temperatures predicted to drop by at least 10 degrees celsius. in the coming days. natasha butler for inside story that he way of punishing europe is coming from north africa in morocco firefighters have been sent to remote

mountain forests in the north. 5 have more force more than a 1000 people to be evacuated. almost 5000 the heck has a forest have been burnt abdomen in rami as more from near the 5, morocco's low rush province. this forest here is called missouri and it is located in the province of flowers in the north west of morocco. it is part of a national form that stretches from the atlantic ocean, which is 5 kilometers away to the west, up to the reef. mountains located to that direction, about a 10150 kilometers. as you can see, the fire fighters are still working in this forest in order to avoid that the, the fire that destroyed it be re ignited again because of the windy weather because of the hot weather. this part of morocco have registered some

heat wave, sim, perches as high as 40 degrees in the last days, which is not normal in this region, which has basically immediate uranian, whether the one like in southern france or southern spain or in portugal. but the spite of that, there is a heat wave that has destroyed up to now, more than $6000.00 acres of forests and north western morocco. i was more named money for inside story. ah, let's bringing our guests all in the united kingdom today from woking. steven cornelius, deputy practice lead for climate change and energy at world wildlife fund. international in reading is nigel on a climate scientist and professor in the department of meteorology at the

university of reading and in swansea, stefan do, professor of wild land fire science, a warm welcome to you all. stephen, these particular heat waves we're seeing now, are they a product of global warming or freak weather events? thanks about it. so i think i'm going to point to, you've made these things happen naturally. but you know, what is happening is the climate change is making them, making them worse. so, you know, the science is clear from the t c. last year. it has been 3 reports come out, which and when one of the new bits assigned to the attribute attribution between the sort of human fingerprint and extreme weather event such as we're saying. so, you know, as the temperature rises, you're more likely to see a way you're more likely to see other extreme weather events and events that are associated such as, while buys nigel. do you, do you see that the, this, these are not freak weather events. there may made worse by climate change of the

different exaggerated by climate change and by human emissions of greenhouse gases is very clear that these emissions are increased temperatures. rising temperature alone would mean we have an increased chance of heat waves. but of course, as the earth warms up then where the systems are disrupted and so on, so it changes the frequency of the sorts of extreme environmental conditions that we're seeing at the moment. so i think climate change is definitely behind the increased frequency of heat waves that we're seeing particularly this year. stephanie or specialization is wild fires. we're seeing the now in europe and in north africa, particularly how much worse are they getting? how much more severe are they than they might once have been with a clearly. ready maybe under those very, very dry and will conditions because if you have a long period of dry weather like be fat combined with a lot of heat that will evaporate and walk more water from the vegetation and that may single flammable. so for a given fire,

the fires then light to be more extreme and much more difficult to the fi services to deal with. ok and stat steven these more bigger heat waves across western europe. are they then more likely down down to climate change and say more localized ones that you sometimes get over perhaps just parts of the u. k or, or parts of france? well, i mean, i think a point is that it's not just in the north that this is happening. if you've had your last year huge. he waves into your pakistan's early this year, not detainer and much of latin america. so i think it's happening over the world. and so, you know, as i said, as temperature rises on average, you're more likely to get this extreme weather events. and it may be, you know, such as in canada, last year we had that huge heat wave over over western canada. it's, you can have these localized relatively localized nigel. i know that the, i think

a calculation used called extreme event attribution for a calculating for helping to understand these extreme, either incidents. can you help us understand what that is? yet what in the sense this process called extreme event attribution, it looks at the chance of experiencing the sort of event we got now on the current conditions with the chance of it happening under the conditions that would have pertained if we hadn't increased greenhouse gases and like running a counterfactual world, and the social studies have demonstrated that the heat waves that we've experienced recently in many parts of the world are much, much more likely now then they would have been without increasing concentration of greenhouse gases. some of them out of $1020.00 times more likely, some of them just physically wouldn't have happened without the increasing concentrations that we've seen. so the example of that heat in western us some kind of last year with an argument that, that sort of thing just wouldn't have happened without the general increase in

temperatures that we've seen. because of the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases and the wildfire that they bring stuff and what is the long term damage the that doing? well, there's a range of things to quizlet. of course the, the human impact directly or rather impact on humans, derek death, but also something that's often not considered as the smoke emissions. so about 300000 people around the world die prematurely just from bonfires smoke. there's just the smoke generated by defies themselves. then we have our new huge fight diversity loss. if the fires are spiffy large or especially severe light, we've seen in 201920 in australia where the fires in that year were over 10 times larger. what you would usually get. so fires are common in many places, also in the mediterranean, in australia, in canada, that is the actual size of those events. and it's those severity with which they burn that bring the extreme impact. steve and you mentioned india just before delhi, they've had 25 days so far over 42 degrees this year. and india now wants help from

rich countries funding to build early war. early warning systems are to prepare for extreme weather events. is that where we're at? now the mitigation stage rather than the the prevention stage. so i think there's a couple of things. so clearly climate change is happening at the around $1.00 degrees warming that we've had so far and, and more and in some countries. and so it is we will say more v events and we will see them probably worse because temperature again to continue to rise. and the only way that we can stop them rising is by cutting greenhouse gas emissions. so cutting cold oil and gas emission emissions from calling gas. the 2nd point i think is, is how do we build our healing? how do we use the word mitigate, but how do we make the impact of the lesser? and so we do need to do both and developed countries have promised through through

the you in a triple fina paras agreement in that, and coping glasgow to mobilize $100000000.00 a year. and some of that will be for cutting emissions. some of that needs to be for adaptation and building resilient countries. nigel march was the hottest year in india since records began 122 years ago. this is the new normal, not just in india, but in the rest of the world. i think unfortunately it is we can expect temperatures to be continually going up until we reduce emissions. might want to talk about that in a moment. but i think it almost inevitable that we will see each year, new records being broken across the globe. and one of the unsettling aspects of it is, is not just in more places everywhere. records broken everywhere, i think, is really quite suddenly about the state that we're in a moment. and are you seeing stefan in parts of the world where you wouldn't

ordinarily have had major wildfire? things happening that wouldn't normally happen in outside of western europe. i'm thinking particularly will absolutely. and even within western europe, we seeing an increase of st files some area, but just to give you some context and the range of and in relation to climate change, the fire where the season. so basically that where the conditions under which relatively extreme finest can occur, which is linked to humidity, wind, and dro neck of precipitation, as well as those, those high temperatures. that is basically increased by over 50 percent on average, across the globe. if you look at north america, the north american conover forest, we have a 50 percent increase in the area burned by wildfires. so we definitely seeing a huge impact around the world. we also seeing fires moving into areas where they, as he said earlier, shouldn't or normally wouldn't burst, for example, nor the peak lines under permafrost than very, very rarely been greenland. for example,

hassey modifies and this is undoubtedly going to increase in the future. there's no question about this. a nigel, i want to just talk to also about that the jet stream, because is the way the, the mander of the jet stream changing and in this warming air, is that having a particular effect on heating over where there's major industrialization, major industrialized countries. yes, and that's one of the reasons why actually projecting the consequences of climate change can be really quite tricky. as a 1st approximation, as we increase our greenhouse gases, temperature rises, that's relatively straightforward. so you expect on 1st principles that as temperature goes up, the chance of heat weighs in zone goes up. but because the weather systems such as the position of the jet stream are also changed, it makes it big or challenging to work at what direction. we're going to see more or less storms for example, but i think that the social conditions that generate heat waves, where we expect those to increase as well at the meet logical conditions will

increase as well as seeing the effect of the increased temperature. but when we're looking at storms and flood zone, it gets more complicated because the position of the jet stream, then least in northern hemisphere, becomes much more significant. okay, stephen, is it getting harder to persuade people to put climate change at the top of the agenda? i say this because now people are tired of the pandemic. people are worried about the economy. is climate change still a priority? are you finding people saying, well, it's happening. we've got to put up with it. we bought the things to worry about. is it a challenge to still keep climate change that as a major issue? i think we need to push to keep it at the top of the agenda and it has been in a lot of countries for while service environmental concerns have been high. if you look at look at surveys, but as he said there are, there are other things that that are on people's minds. but i think it's about demonstrating how action on climate change is an investment rather than the cost

showing that we need to do this. it has benefits and events like we're seeing now in europe and other places around the world. they are a wakeup call for politician and leaders to the time to act is now i say you say they're a wake up coal, but in the us it's joe min manchin, the u. s. democratic sell it. senate has effectively reject reject to the compromised climate boat. the bill and one recent pole in the u. s. that one percent of voters cited climate change is the most important issue. and from the 30s, it was just 3 percent. whereas 2 years ago, people were taking to the streets. why is that have been not change? i think there's, you know, there are other things that have come up in the last couple of years. so kevin, being one invasion ukraine being another. and so there are, there are issues that people are concerned about, but i think this is a, a long term issue that needs short term action and it's immediate action. and so i

think it's up to layers of countries. it's up to treasuries, ministries of economy and finance, to recognize that this is a problem that they need to invest in and invest in the solutions. for nigel, if all the promises made cop 26 with capt. ward keepers below a global 2 percent temperature rise. now is it too late? it depends on the promises. but the moment the pledges that are on the table from caught would take us to a temperature increase of about 2 and a half to 3 degrees, depending on how they're implemented. an optimistic interpretation gives us a chance of getting below 2 degrees, but a pessimistic interpretation would take 3 or so. so at the moment, i think it's definitely not the case that the commitments that countries of made are sufficient to keep us with an increase in temperature blow to degrees. and whether even those commitments are follow through with changing economic circumstances owen, it remains to be seen. but to be honest,

even with an increase in temperature, just under 2 degrees, we will still continue to get the source midstream events that we have now. so keeping the rise in temperature to to degrees is by no means safe. there already committed to really substantial increases in risks from fires from the waves from storms and so on. so we really, really need to reduce emissions so that we go with catastrophic increases in heat waves, fires and so on. but we do need to adapt and need to invest in resilience in order to cope with the inevitable changes in extremes that we're going to see. stephan, i see you nodding away that what was your view on, on the commitment to keep us below of a 2 percent rising global temperatures. absolutely essential. if we end up at 3 percent, we basically have a really increased or unrecognizable really 5. ready whether pretty much everywhere in the world. so we really muscle derive is based but we've already, we've already seen this increase, very dramatic increases. many areas will more thing that's probably worth any risk

other than reducing greenhouse gas emissions. we also have the ability to manage arbitration better, because if you look at the mediterranean area, for example, we now have many more as far as that which definitely much more open. these are much more flammable. we also seeing wildfires in argentina and sheila, in portugal that are found or fueled rather by euclid species that are 80 and species that are used for paul production. great for income but very, very pleasurable. so in combination there is still quite a lot we can do and must do to reduce the risk. and stephen, from the worldwide funds point of view in terms of the, the climate risk from global warming, keeping that temperature to below, keeping the rise to below 2 to below under 2 degrees. how significant do you think it is that we try and keep that promise? well, i think the promise is even stronger than that. we want to see the limited one and a half degrees rather than 2 degrees. and, and the reason we say that, you know,

countries in paris putting, you know, well below 2 and pursuing efforts to one and a half degrees. and the reason they've chosen that is partly because of signs and partly because of politics. and so, you know, we know from the arctics, you see that there are huge differences in, in risk between one and a half, and 2 degrees. so on whether this be on people, whether this be on, on nature. and so we need to from a risk management point of view and an investment point of view. if nothing else is to limit as hard as possible. and we saying that that's one and a half degrees in which because governments are fine up to the power supreme nigel, the scientists even agree on, on what a heat wave is. i mean, 40 degrees in the u. k is extreme, but here in doha, unfortunately, and it's a normal day war, what is, what is a heat wave? well, one of the things we agree on is the heat wave is based on context. so you cannot have a consistent global definition of heat wave because we are used in different parts

of the world to different types of extremes. my students, i have here on my master's courses, a lot of them from the global south. and they spent the 1st term complaining how cold it was in reading, and we were perfectly fine. but now the same students are wondering why we're complaining about. so was it. so there is no one definition of heat wave because it depends very much on where you are will though there are some absolute physiological limits. and $40.00 to $42.00 is probably getting towards some of those where it's just physically impossible to do work. but other than that, the big physiological limits then what power for heat wave it interpreted depends very much on local circumstances, how your climate eyes and how your infrastructure. i know your buildings work, which is based on what you expected, whether to be in the past. ok, stephan, i wanted to also ask you the question i posed before about trying to keep a climate change on the agenda. keep it on the top of the list. do you find the

people you're dealing with? your students are understand the climate change? is it one of the most important issues facing the planets at the moment? tony, the students, we have the ones that i would say that the extra me aware of this is also party. of course the courses we gave them, the choice they make to come come to study as well as the university. but generally speaking, if you talk to anybody of what wildfires they very often now talk about climate change and of course modifies have always been norman in many parts were changing very rapidly. and people becoming more, more aware of this, even in the cities where people are not exposed to that perhaps by smoke, but not necessarily to find themselves. thanks to you, the media, they are acutely aware of that problem. stephen weren't soaring fuel prices supposed to spark a rush towards alternative fuels, and instead we have joe biden, only the other day come to the middle east trying to get them to pump more oil. isn't that frustrating? how they picked anything up from what you've been saying?

yeah, clearly you know, the idea that there's, we have, i'm in the u. k, and we have still have a high fossil fuels energy mix. and had we invested more ends renewable had we invested more in energy efficiency or relating building like we wouldn't be so attuned to shifting prices of oil and gas and locked into that. so now it is about the right infrastructure and moving away from from fossil infrastructure. nigel global warming, as we've mentioned before, is making extreme heat more common all over the world. but at these specific events, i know we've talked on touch that before, but a bit more explanation of the specific weather events more likely or more intense because of the key human induced warming. absolutely, absolutely critical that that is not generated directly by human activity. then they're made much more likely or more intense, more frequent, due to hewn activity. i think that the scientific community is pretty clear on that

. and the report from the intake of mental panel on climate change produced last year. the summary, based on work of hundreds of scientists reviewing very, very high credibility evidence has concluded that a human activity is creating increase conditions for these sorts of extreme vents. i think there's very little scientific doubt about what's going on. and stephanie would concur with that. what was your view on that one on. ready sanders, there's no question about this, and we have clear evidence. as i said, nearly everywhere in the world, we seeing this strong increase in fire. whether that doesn't necessarily mean that is going to burn more because you need an ignition any fuel. but if you bring this together, if you combine this extreme weather and with an ignition, there could be lightening that could be awesome. there could be an accident, a cookie barbecue that's left behind. and then with, with the fuel, the dr. invitation you have a fire event and they are becoming more more difficult to tackle. so it's not just

that we seeing more area burn because in some areas of the world we see less fire because there's nothing left to burn. we have more agricultural land. we also very good at putting out fires early on, but once those fires grow to a certain size, then extremely difficult or nearly impossible to put out. this is essentially been due to the associated weather conditions. ok, and stephen, are we once these he waves blown away once it gets slightly back to normal across northern europe and north america, will we forget about will we forget about this, or will we move on to worrying about more day to day things? i think it's important to keep talking about these issues. it's, you know, it's, they think they keep coming up and we keep hearing they're linked to climate change and we need to do more for it's now it's about implementation. so we know what we need to do, and it's about putting it, increasing our amount of renewals. it's about increasing our resilience by

investing in by be planting trees that might be ready to be suitable for hating my be internet and go and things like that. we need to do more gentlemen. ok, thank you very much. we are unfortunately out of time. but thanks to i guess steven cornelius to nigel ana and to steph endure. and thank you to for watching. you can see the program again any time by visiting our website al jazeera dot com for more debate. go to our facebook page, facebook dot com, forward slash ha, inside story. you can also show the conversation on twitter. we are a j insights from me. bernard smith and the whole team here in doha fight. the me we understand the differences and similarities of cultures across the world.

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