arm report is to piled every 5 years. the last 4 had painted a grim picture, but the pos reports have predicted the future impacts of climate change is light. a scientific assessment is recording extensive damage that's happening now. responding to the report that australia's newly elected government announced plans to protect 30 percent of the countries, landon oceans by 2030. what the environment really name is the changed system. that's the message from the samuel review. that's the message from the state of the environment report. without structural change, we'll be resigning ourselves to another decade if failure, without the tools we need to arrest our decline. another decade, side to say is to light sarah, clock out 0 brisbin, australia. ah,

hello again. the headlines on al jazeera iran is hosting a summit on the war in syria that's being overshadowed by conflict in ukraine. the turkish on the iranian leaders will be joined by russia's president vladimir putin was on his 1st trip outside the former soviet union. since the invasion, a scorching heat wave record temperatures and raging wild fires are risking lives on threatening homes and large parts of western europe. spain is one of the worst hit countries firefighters are battling dozens of blazes which are forest thousands of people to flee their homes, and in south west france. more than 31000 have been evacuated in the past week. fire is near the city of bordeaux, have already burned through 20000 hector as of land fan by strong winds. natasha butler has more from paris. so the very whole say in from so you can funny feel it here in paris and say, temperatures klein obviously people behind me, their own kathy terrace is very trying to enjoy the summer despite the intense heat

. it's going to be hotter today in the north of the country. i denise in the west as a country, temperatures have dropped by nearly 10 degrees in some areas. and that of course, is great news for the firefighters in the southwest. and the sharon, a region where they've been battling huge wildfires now for a week. they had to mrs. largest opposition party has appeared in court accused of financing terrorism, but also a new she was speaking was speaker of parliament until it was dissolved last year by the president. who's been accused of mounting a power grab. it comes just days before a controversial referendum on the constitution, which is prompted weeks of protest. sure lancaster parliament has announced the 3 candidates nominated to become the next president. they include interim leader, front over christmas singer. a final vote is expected on wednesday. the number of people known to have died after a boat capsized and central pakistan has more than double to 50 local governments.

as the vessel was overloaded when it's think in a river. and so the about district, most of the passengers were women and children. there was a headlines on al jazeera up next. it's inside story. thanks for watching. bye bye . for now. ah. heat waves sweeping across the northern hemisphere with them come more severe and long lasting wildfire. is this all down to climate change? and is it too late to do anything about this is inside store? ah

hello, welcome to the program. i'm burnett's, europe, north america, and china. a baking in record breaking heat waves in delhi in india is already hit $49.00 degrees this year. 12 above the average. the heat has brought wildfires, particularly to western europe, forcing thousands of people from their homes. in the u. k, people are bracing for temperatures to hit 40 degrees celsius for the 1st time. the nation's weather office issued its 1st ever red alert for extreme heat. the scorching weather is fueling more than 30 blazes in spain and portugal. thousands of people have been forced from their homes and a seeking refuge in makeshift shelters. drought conditions have made areas between the 2 countries. susceptible to wild fight. france is on its high state of alert

for extreme temperatures. to large fires in the south, keeping emergency services busy. thousands have been evacuated and kilometers of land lost to the flames. latasha buffalo reports from power will run surprisingly not many people are braving the heat. at the foot of the eiffel tower record breaking temperatures expected in many paul, the france including in the north in brittany, an area that is no usually for it's very cool climate. now the french government have put several regions on red alerts. they have advise people to be extremely vigilant. they've rolled out the heat wave emergency plan advising people to stay at home, stay in the shade and keep very hydrated. indeed, it's not the heat waves are uncommon in from the usually they are several years apart. climate change experts say that because of the changing temperatures, what we are seeing is heat wave for the more intense and more frequent this heat

wave. in fact, is the 2nd one in just a few weeks for dry hold. whether it's 30 exacerbated the situation for firefighters would be battling blazes in the south west of france, that she wronged a region. thousands of people have been evacuated from camp sites and homes in the area. it is part of frogs, and staples here. indeed, with holiday makers, particularly of course, at this time of year in the summer break will meteorologist say, though, that there is some respite on the horizon for 5 fighters and emergency services there with temperatures predicted to drop by at least 10 degrees celsius in the coming days natasha butler for inside story. and that he way of punishing europe is coming from north africa. in morocco firefighters have been sent to remote mountain forests in the north. 5 have more force, more than a 1000 people to be evacuated. almost 5000 hecht has a forest,

have been burnt abdomen in rami as more from near the 5 in morocco's low rush province. this forest here is called missouri, and it is located in the province of flowers in the north west of morocco. it is part of a national form that stretches from the atlantic ocean, which is 5 kilometers away to the west, up to the reef. mountains located to that direction, about a 10150 kilometers. as you can see, the fire fighters are still working in this forest in order to avoid that the, the fire that destroyed it be re ignited again because of the windy weather because of the hot weather. this part of morocco have registered some heat wave, sim, perches as high as 40 degrees in the last days, which is not normal in this region, which has basically immediate uranian,

whether the one like in southern france or southern spain or in portugal. but the spite of that, there is a heat wave that has destroyed up to now more than $6000.00 acres of forest and northwestern morocco. i'm more named money for inside story. ah, let's bringing our guests all in the united kingdom today from woking. steven cornelius, deputy practice lead for climate change and energy at world wildlife fund. international in reading is nigel on a climate scientist and professor in the department of meteorology at the university of reading and in swansea, stefan do, professor of wild land fire science, a warm welcome to you all. stephen,

these particular heat waves we're seeing now, are they a product of global warming, or freak weather events? thanks, but it's so i think i'm going to point you've made is, you know, these things happen naturally. but you know, what is happening is the climate change is making them, making them worse. so, you know, the sign is clear from the gc or the last year. it has been 3 reports come out, which was one of the new bits assigned to the attribute attribution between the sort of human fingerprint and extreme weather events such as we're saying. so, you know, as the temperature rises, you're more likely to see a way you're more likely to see other extreme weather events and events that are associated such as wildfires. nigel, do you see that this? these are not freak weather events. there may made worse by climate change of the different exaggerated by climate change and by human emissions of greenhouse gases

is very clear that these emissions are increased temperatures. rising temperature alone would mean we have an increased chance of heat waves, but of course as the birth warms up then where the systems are disrupted and so on . so it changes the frequency of the sorts of extreme environmental conditions that we're seeing at the moment. so i think climate change is definitely behind the increased frequency of heat waves that we're seeing particularly this year. stephanie or specialization is wild fires. we're seeing the now in europe and in north africa, particularly how much worse are they getting? how much more severe are they than they might once have been with a clearly. ready maybe under those very, very dry and will conditions because if you have a long period of dry weather like be fat combined with a lot of heat that will evaporate and walk more water from the vegetation and that may single flammable. so for given fire the fires, then like to be more extreme and much more difficult for the fi services to deal with. ok and stay steven. these more bigger heat waves across

western europe. are they then more likely down down to climate change and say more localized ones that you sometimes get over perhaps just parts of the u. k or, or parts of france? well, i mean, i think a point is that it's not just in the north of this is happening you've, you've had your last year huge he waves and into your pakistan's early this year, not detainer and what's a latin america. so i think it's happening over the world. and so, you know, as i said, as temperature rises on average, you're more likely to get the extreme weather events. and it may be, you know, such as in canada, last year we had that huge heat wave over over western canada. it's, you can have these localized relatively localized nigel. i know that the, i think a calculation used called extreme event attribution for a calculating for helping to understand these extreme weather incidence. can you help me understand what that is?

yet what, in the sense this process called extreme event attribution, it looks at the chance of experiencing the sort of event we got now on the current conditions with the chance of it happening under the conditions that would have pertain if we had an increase greenhouse gases like running a counter factual world and the social studies have demonstrated that the heat waves that we've experienced recently in many parts of the world are much, much more likely now than they would've been without increasing concentration of greenhouse gases. some of them are $1020.00 times more likely. some of them just physically wouldn't have happened without the increasing concentrations that we've seen. so the example of the heat don't in western us and canada last year with an argument that that sort of thing just wouldn't have happened without the general increase in temperatures that we've seen because of the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases and the wildfire that they bring stuff and what is the long term damage that doing well, there's a range of things to get in. and of course the,

the human impacts directly or rather impact on humans, derek death, but also. ready something that's often not considered as the smoke emissions. so about 300000 people around the world die prematurely just from bonfires smoke. there's just the smoke generated by defies themselves. then we have our new huge fight diversity loss. if the fires are spiffy, large or specially severe, like we've seen in 201920 in australia where the fires in that year were over 10 times larger. what you would usually get. so the fires are common in many places. also in the mediterranean, in australia, in canada, that is the actual size of those events. and it's those severity with which they burn that bring the extreme impact. stephen, you mentioned india just before delhi, they've had 25 days so far over 42 degrees this year. and india now wants help from rich countries funding to build early war. early warning systems are to prepare for

extreme weather events. is that where we're at now? the mitigation stage rather than the the prevention stage. so i think there's a couple of things. so clearly climate change is happening at the around $1.00 degrees warming that we've had so far and, and more and in some countries. and so it is we will say more of these events and we will see them probably worse because temperatures are going to continue to rise . and the only way that we can stop them rising is by cutting greenhouse gas emission. so cutting coal, orland gas emission emissions from calling gas. the 2nd point i think is, is how do we build our revealing, how do we use the word mitigate, but how do we make the impact of the lesser? and so we need to do both and developed countries have promised through through the you in a triple fema paris agreement and coping glasgow to mobilize $100000000.00

a year. and some of that will be for cutting emissions. some of that needs to be for adaptation and building revealing for countries. nigel march was the hottest year in india since records began 122 years ago is, is the new normal not just in india, but in the rest of the world. i think unfortunately it is we can expect temperatures to be continually going up until we reduce emissions and might want to talk about that in a moment. i think it almost inevitable that we will see each year, new records being broken across the globe. and one of the unsettling aspects of it is, is not just in more places everywhere. records broken everywhere, i think, is really quite suddenly about the state that we're in at the moment. and are you seeing stefan in parts of the world where you wouldn't ordinarily have had major wildfire? things happening that wouldn't normally happen in outside western europe. i'm

thinking particularly well, absolutely. and even within the western europe, we seeing increases in pine, some area, but just to give you some context in the range of, in relation to climate change, the fine weather season. so basically the weather conditions under which relatively extreme clients can occur, which is linked to community wind, not lego precipitation, as well as those those high temperatures. that's basically increased by over 50 percent on average, across the globe. if you look at north america, the north american colony for forest, we have a 50 percent increase in the area burned by wildfires. so we definitely seeing a huge impact around the world. we also seeing fires moving into areas where they, as you said earlier, shouldn't or normally wouldn't burn. so example, nor the peak lines on the permafrost, and very, very rarely been green, for example, see low cost. and this is undoubtedly going to increase in the future. there's no question about this. and nigel, i want to just talk to you also about the, the jet stream, because there's the way the,

the mander of the jet stream changing and in this warming air is not having a particular effect on heating over where there's major industrialization, majorly industrialized countries. yes, that's one of the reasons why actually projecting the consequences of climate change can be really quite tricky. a 1st approximation, as we increase our greenhouse gases, temperature rises, that's relatively straightforward. so you expect on 1st principles, the temperature goes up the chance of heat ways and zone goes up. but because the weather systems such as the position of the jet stream are also changed. it makes it a bit more challenging to work at what direction where they're going to see more or less storms for example. but i think that the social conditions that generate heat waves, where we would expect those to increase as well as the meter normal conditions would increase, as well as seeing the effect of the increased temperature. but when we're looking at storms and flood zone, it gets more complicated because the position of the jet stream then lisa,

northern hemisphere becomes much more significant. okay, stephen, it is getting harder to persuade people to put climate change at the top of the agenda. i say this because now people are tired of the pandemic. people are worried about the economy. is climate change still a priority? are you finding people saying, well, it's happening. we've got to put up with it. we bought the things to worry about. is it a challenge to still keep climate change as a major issue? i think we need to push to keep it at the top of the agenda and it has been in a lot of countries for while service environmental concerns have been high. ah, if you look at look at surveys, but as you say there are, there are other things that are on people's minds. but i think it's about demonstrating how action on climate change is an investment. robin cost showing that we need to do this. it has benefits and events like we're seeing now in europe

and other places around the world. they are a wakeup call for politician and leaders to the time to act is now i say you say they're a wake up coal, but in the us it's joe min manchin, the u. s. democratic sell it. senate has effectively reject reject to the compromised climate boat. the bill and one recent pole in the u. s. said one percent of voters, cited climate change is the most important issue. and from the 30s, it was just 3 percent. whereas 2 years ago, people were taking to the streets. why is that been that change? i think there's, you know, there are other things that have come up in the last couple of years. so kevin, being one didn't envision ukraine being another. and so there are, there are issues that people are concerned about, but i think this is a, a long term issue that needs short term action and it's immediate action. and so i think it's up to layers of countries. it's up to treasuries, ministries of economy and finance, to recognize that this is

a problem that they need to invest in and invest in the solutions. for nigel, if all the promises made a cop 26 with capt. ward, that keepers below a global 2 percent temperature rise. now is it too late? it depends on the promises. but at the moment the pledges that are on the table from cult would take us to a temperature increase of about 2 and a half to 3 degrees, depending on how they're implemented. an optimistic interpretation gives us a chance of getting below 2 degrees, but a pessimistic interpretation will take us up to 3 or so. so at the moment, i think it's definitely not the case that the commitments that countries of made are sufficient to keep us with an increase in temperature blow to degrees. and whether even those commitments are follow through with changing economic circumstances it remains to be seen. but to be honest, even with an increase in temperature, just under 2 degrees, we will still continue to get the sorts midstream events that we have now. so keeping the rise in temperature to to degrees is by no means safe. we already

committed to really substantial increase in risk from fires from the waves from storms and so on. so we really, really need to reduce emissions so that we don't end up with catastrophic increases in heat waves fires and so on. but we do need to adapt and need to invest in resilience in order to cope with the inevitable changes in extremes that we're going to see. stephan, i see you nodding away there. what was your view on, on the commitment to keep us below a 2 percent rising global temperatures? absolutely, essentially we end up at 3 percent. we basically have a really increased or unrecognizable really 5. ready whether pretty much everywhere in the world, so we really mustn't arrive is based, but we've already, we've already seen this increase, very dramatic increases. many areas will. one thing that's probably worth adding here is other than reducing greenhouse gas emissions. we also have the ability to manage arbitration better because if you look at the mediterranean area,

for example, we now have many moyer as far as did that, which is really much more open. these are much more flammable. we also seeing wildfires in argentina and she, they, in portugal that are found or fueled rather by euclid species that are 80 and species that are used for paul production. great for income, but very, very pleasurable. so in combination there is still quite a lot. we can do and must do to reduce the risk. and stephen, from the worldwide funds point of view in terms of the, the, the climate risk from global warming, keeping that temperature to below, keeping the rise to below 2 to below, under 2 degrees. how significant do you think it is that we try and keep that promise? well, i think the promise is even stronger than that. we want to see the limited one and a half degrees rather than 2 degrees. and the reason we say that, you know, countries embarrassed putting, you know, well below 2 and pursuing efforts to one and a half degrees. and the reason they've chosen that is partly because of science and

partly because of politics. and so, you know, we know from the artists you see that there are huge differences in, in risk between one and a half and 2 degrees. so on whether this be on people, whether this be on, on nature. and so we need to from a risk management point of view and an investment point of view. if nothing else is to limit as hard as possible. and we're saying that that's one and a half degrees in which the government to find up to the power supreme nigel da, scientists even agree on on what a heat wave is. i mean, 40 degrees in the u. k is extreme, but here in doha, unfortunately, and it's a normal day war, what is a, what is a heat wave? well, one of the things we agree on is the heat wave is based on contexts. so you kind of have a consistent global definition of heat way because we are used in different boswell to different types of extremes. my students i have here on my master's courses, a lot of them from the global south. they spent the 1st time complaining how cold

it was in reading. we were perfectly fine, but now we think students are wondering why we're complaining about, so was it. so there is no one definition of the way because it depends very much on where you are. well, there are, there are some absolute physiological limits and $40.00 to $42.00 is probably getting towards some of those where it's just visiting, impossible to do work. but other than that, the big physiological limits then what? how as to why the interpreted, depends very much on local certain challenges. how your chronic eyes and how are you in for structure i your buildings work, which is based on what you'd expected, whether to be in the past. ok, stephan, i wanted to also ask you the question i posed before about trying to keep climate change on the agenda. keep it on the top of the list. do you find the people you're dealing with your students all understand the climate change? is it one of the most important issues facing the planet at the moment?

tony the, the students we had the ones that i would say that the extra me aware of this is also the, of course, the courses we gave them, the choice they make to come come to study as well as the university. but generally speaking, if you talk to anybody of what wildfires they very often now talk about climate change and of course modifies have always been normally many pos, changing very rapidly. and people are becoming more, more aware of this, even in the cities where people are not exposed to them, perhaps by smoke, but not necessary to find themselves. thanks to you, the media, they are acutely aware of that problem. stephen weren't soaring fuel prices supposed to spark a rush towards alternative fuels, and instead we have joe biden, only the other day come to the middle east trying to get them to pump more oil. isn't that frustrating? how they picked anything up from what you've been saying? yeah, clearly you know, the idea that we have, i'm in the u. k. and you know, we have a still have a high fossil fuels energy mix and had we invested more ends renewable had we

invested more in energy efficiency relating building like we wouldn't be. so attuned to shifting prices of orland gas and locked into that. so now it is about the right infrastructure and moving away from from fossil infrastructure. nigel global warming, as we've mentioned before, is making extreme heat more common all over the world. but these specific events, i know we've talked on touch that before, but a bit more explanation of the specific weather events more likely or more intense because of the key human induced warming. absolutely, absolutely unequivocally, that that is not generated directly by human activity. then they're made much more likely or more intense, more frequent soon activity. i think that the scientific community is pretty clear on that. and the report from the intergovernmental panel on climate change produced last year, the summary, based on work of hundreds of scientists reviewing very,

very high credibility evidence has concluded that a human activity is creating increased conditions for these sorts of extreme vents . i think there's very little scientific doubt about what's going on. and stephanie would concur with that. what was your view on that? one on the sender's. there's no question about this. and we have clear evidence. as i said, nearly everywhere in the world, we seeing this strong increase in fire. whether that doesn't necessarily mean that is going to burn more because you need an ignition any fuel. but if you bring this together, if you combine this extreme weather and with an ignition that could be lightning, that could be awesome. that could be an accident. you barbecue that's left behind. and then with, with the fuel, the dr. education, you have a fire event and they are becoming more and more difficult to tackle. so it's not just that we seeing more area burn because in some areas of the world we see less fire because there's nothing left to burn. we have more agricultural land,

we also very good at putting out fires early on. but once those fines grow to a certain size, then extremely difficult or nearly impossible to put out. this is essentially than due to the associated weather conditions. ok, and stephen are a, once these he waves have blown away once it gets slightly back to normal across northern europe and north america. will we forget about that? we forget about this, or will we move on to worrying about more day to day things? i think it's important to keep talking about these issues. it's, it's these things are they keep coming up and we keep hearing that they are linked to climate change. we need to do more for it's now it's, it's about implementation. so we know what we need to do, and it's about putting it, increasing our amount of renewal. it's about increasing our resilience by investing in by b, planting trees. it might be roads that are suitable for hating my b in. should i go and things like that we need to do more gentlemen. ok,

thank you very much. we all unfortunately out of time, but thanks to i guess steven cornelius to nigel arno and to steph and do and thank you. so for watching, you can see the problem again. any time visiting our website, al jazeera dot com for more debate, go to our facebook page. that's facebook dot com, forward slash ha inside story. you can also join the conversation on twitter. we are at a j insights from me, bernard smith, and the whole team here in doha. ah ah.

holding the powerful to account. as we examined the u. s. his role in the world on al jazeera, the rip, a hotel is the most. i tell that i've ever stated in the biggest box you have ever seen had explode, would have taken out the hotel. this was germany. we loved it when it was built and we loved it even where he was bombed. a major target of the conflict in northern ireland, in the late 20th century belfast europa war hotels on all to 0. ah, omni barker in doha, the top stories on al jazeera, russian president vladimir putin, as you to take part in the summit in tehran. that's been overshadowed by the fallout from the war and ukraine.