full scale san diego comic con, in 3 years, organizers had to scale it back at the height of the grown of iris pandemic this year, cause players finally got their chance to dress up as their favorite comic book, tv, and movie characters. the convention also draws hollywood heavy weights. it's a family atmosphere here, we're all fans. and the idea of if you can get a little bit closer to the character you're in love with or you associate with, with watching television. it makes you feel good. i mean, i don't know anybody that lead comic con, not smiling their head on. so that's the experience. that's what we want to enjoy here. and then if we can give it to little kids, we'll do it all day. so we're out here a couple hours a day taking pictures. china has lost a rocket, taking a new laboratory module to its chang space station. it took off from the island province of hi ma'am. a new edition features biotech at aerospace facilities. it's the 2nd of 3 modules being deployed to the space station.

ah, it's good to have you with us. hello adrian, for the get here in doha, with the headlines on al jazeera world leaders of contempt, russia after a missile strike on the ukrainian port of odessa. but the future of a grain export deal in doubt. russia demise that it was responsible for saturdays miss all attack the world health organization has declared the monkey pox outbreak . a global health emergency. it's the highest alert that it can issue all than $16000.00 cases of the virus have been reported. cross more than 70 countries, we have an outbreak that has spread around the world rapidly through new modest of transmission about which we understand too little. and which meets the criteria in the international health regulations. for all of these reasons, i have decided that the global monkey books outbreak represents

a public cold emergency of international concern. a libyan government is facing more turmoil after 2 days of fighting between armed groups in tripoli. at least 16 people were killed in confrontations involving members of a special unit. and the presidential guard to palestinian men have been killed in the occupied west bank during an operation by israeli forces. a further 19 palestinians were wounded. 2 of them critically. in the city of nablus, a general strike has been called to morn. those who were killed water from rapidly melting, grassy as has prompted more flood warnings in china's shin jang region run off caused by heat waves. sweeping the country as led to mud slides and flash floods in mountainous areas. a number of coastal cities are on their highest alert level inland regions are being warned of potential dam failure. drought has also been

a concern in some agricultural areas. the pope is traveling to canada to apologize in person for the catholic church as role and wanting indigenous residential schools. hope frances is calling to visit a pilgrimage of penance. more than 150000 children were taken from their families to schools where many was starved, beaten, and sexually abused mass graves were found near the schools last year. and those are the headlines that he's continues here on out as era. after today's inside story, coming up next 11 years after tea movie a thought, the earth when uprising the only democracy to emerge from the up, he believes to vote on a controversial constitutional referendum. one that is quit, his fear could paved the way back to the retiring even stay without is they wrap up all the latest developments and in depth analysis to mrs. president once more power. so on monday there's a referendum to change the constitution to do just that critic say kai side wants

to cement a power ground. what kind of political system does the new constitution propose? and could it lead to renew turmoil in the birthplace of the 2011 arab spring? this is inside store. ah. hello and welcome to the program and burnett's protesters in tunisia. se monday's referendum on constitutional reforms is illegal. the proposed changes would sideline parliament and remove most of the checks on the president's power. opposition groups say it's a return to autocracy. as chi side a suspended parliament dissolved the supreme judicial council and started ruling by decree. if approved at the new constitution would end the hybrid presidential

parliamentary system blamed for the political in fighting that his power ised june . it is post revolutionary governments, russell soda as more from tunis. more than a decade after tunisia support the arabs being uprisings and now the country is to work on a controversial constitutional ref random which will be held on 25th of july. there have been several protest across the many cities in the country, particularly on hobby, but give us read in the capital city off to an s. so the turn now is going to be critically important on the day of the referendum. and this broadcast are being organized by the national salvation phone, which is a combination, a coalition of the political parties against the cook, and they are calling for a boycott the tour. now the participation on the day of the referendum is going to be critically important for both parties. that's why this political parties

opposition parties are calling for a boycott because they say that if this referendum is adopted, it's going to. and the parliamentarians system, which was adopted in 2014 and turn country into a executive presidential system. and the critic says that this constitution will give full authority to the president over judiciary over the parliament, over all the state and public institutions in the country. and they fear that if there's a constitution is adopted that who paved way back to through terrorism in the country. once again, this was either for inside story tennis now ahead of the vote. busy has what people had to say on the streets of the capital. choose money smith. i will not participate in the referendum simply because it does not represent me. it is the constitution of one individual, the president. he didn't even pay attention to the committee that was responsible for drafting it. he drafted his own constitution so he can exercise his

dictatorship. one of the chapters even protects him from accountability. how can i surrender my life to him so that he will not be held accountable? he is not a prophet. another smith, i will accept this constitution. and even if they consider it a coo, i support it. the important thing is that there is an honest person, i support this constitution where the crew, as they call it, i will participate in the referendum and i agree with k said, we are with him in his victory over the islamists and the new assembly. the minute you said alan in it, it is not possible to talk about the application of democracy when people are hungry. poverty is increasing and crime is high them and it is also not possible to talk about real democracy before achieving food and public security. achieving self sufficiency and food and good education, then it's possible to talk about it. many justified democracy without even understanding what it means when there's

let's bring in our guests from june as a means sanusi as a political analyst and journalist from syracuse, new york is mohammed dia. hm. army, a political scientist and researcher at syracuse is universities, maxwell school, and also from tunis. zayed out ali is a constitutional law specialist, and a founder of the arab association of constitutional law. a warm welcome to all zaid . i'll begin with you. how does this new constitution differ from the one of 2014? well, if there is a large number of respects. so 1st of all, it differs in the way in which was written. the 2014 constitution was written in a process that was far more inclusive than this current text. this current text was written theoretically, pursuant to a consultation, and the work of the commission. but that ultimately what happened is up and the problem received. the commission's work a different version was published, so we don't actually know who drafted the final version. it might have been the

cousin consult american, someone else from a small group of people. but in any event, the consultation and the work of the commission has to do with the federal tax that was ultimately circulated. or the 2014 call solution was job to pursue into a fairly long. busy negotiated process, i don't want to describe it to lot to returns with a strong how to turn problems. but at least at the very least it was an illusion of the text between rival political groups. that's what happens in terms of how often in terms of its content, the 2014 constitution adopted, adopted a hybrid model whereby the president of the chief executive and parliament share power between them. they rolled in short, leaving the chop and from the cabinet. and also from leading policy. this should be proposed constitution establishes was referred to as a hyper production system, which is distinct from the traditional presidential system. a hyper presidential

system which establishes one person firmly up the top of all state institutions and people needs to maker in relation to serious matters of policy. ok, so i mean, does that sound like to you that this constitution has been written with one man in mind? particularly well, yes, the constitution is fis. regina regina is, is last year when he grabbed the hours it was just said remove the presidential system where the presidential is the sole ruler of the state. and he does not share powers with the fall lament over the chief the chief of governments. and that's what worries the civil and the parts of the positions. the fact that we are only going from this system, this column and system to return of the presidential system

and a very strong additional system where it is hard to find any come through power to the, to the, to the president or mama. dear, as a zaid set mentioned, the 2014 constitution was passionately debated at a national level. but was there a problem with it in the way the power power was split between the president and parliament is as was allowed casey to do what he's doing in the moment. i don't think so. people were complaining about the design that we had in the 2014 constitution because of the instability that we saw, but doesn't instability of the last 6 years or, or 7 years, doesn't differ that much from us or to a voluntary regime or environment. the regimes in and in europe. i think the narrative that we're seeing today that is putting the blame on the constitutional design is just some sort of motivated reasoning to find

a way to dismantle what has been built during the last years and established in your personal istic regime that fits science ah, preferences, i mean zayed there was this a landslide, the kindest one, the presidency within 2019. is he able to claim legitimacy for what he's doing now? a from that landslide victory? well, i'm not ready to go unless there's double check and say about the other than to say that the legitimacy of the constitution should be distinct from its own personal legitimacy. so him, the president, he certainly has. you can see it within the system organize the election and his own populations. yes. you know, significant per promotional obligations support him, but it costs the shortest, then should not be linked to the personal legitimacy of the thing with the visual. so we'll have to wait and see on monday,

how many people participate in the population participate in the referendum and of those individuals to participate, what proportion supported? and then we'll have a lot more to say about the widget and the tax. i mean, is the president using the legitimacy claiming the legitimacy from east landslide in 2019 to push this constitutional change through? well, yes, he's using his victory in the central company to build momentum and to gain legitimacy for the new situation. while it's very different, because this is a long term project, the constitution will be the source of flow. fortune is in the next 10 years, maybe or even more. and that's what difference. and as we have seen during the physicians that you know or didn't bother, i adore the government. and that's what louis

this through now is a question and is an important question when you are going through establish a constitution. and there is, there is no, no size of the president losing any 3 over the participation on monday. i think that in mind that he will impose because situation whatever the number. okay, well i mean the thing is this far outside observe is the puzzle is often that into nicea sites, suspension of palm and last year. what many people call a qu, essentially, just seem to receive widespread support. why was plants and one does not seem to be still that support yet. so in fact, there was a preparation for what happened on july 25th. in term of me get the scores into one position on the grounds. and i famous as a security event. and this says that he talks about the threat of

violence between citizens and he made his speech and bother me the dairy and use of you when we have had the say that make this kind of announcement, we have what we, what we called a radi effect. meaning, the incumbent, popularity tend to be in athens, even in democratic, in establish democratic countries. the problem, however, is that most of those who supported sy it did not imagine that it would change the constitution or even extend the state exception. and that's why we saw people changing positions starting from the 1st few months that followed the on the coup. but at the same time, i managed to keep a certain dynamic is or some level clergy. ok,

right. there's no mechanism as far as we can say in this new construction for removing the president and looks like he can extend it 2 year term limit if he wants, depending on the security system situations or it is that correct? reading of businesses pay the way for decades of one man rule. well the only way. busy to move the president or even to control his power is to national elections. so if, if, for example, whether it's the president or any other president was elected within the context, this constitutional system, the next election might take place in 2023. the dental elections and in those elections, if it's the president or another president, if within the 1st year, it's broad, the understood, or this consensus of the country that the elected president occupies the presidency, is incompetent at form a leading policy. and have any idea about how to form a coherent cabinet,

then there's essentially nothing that you can do to either remove him from the presidency or even to control his power. because if parliament decides to get to, to do create too much opposition to the present and then the what the public can do with this all parliament. which is one of the reasons why this system is not the strike a presidential system. but as a hyperlink to system, because even if it's the present and self whose performance is problematic, will doesn't know how to formulate policies can respond to the needs of the country than what he can do is punish other institutions. and no other institution has the right or the ability to circumscribe, to control his authority or to hold them accountable to remove him from office. you would have to wait until the next actual cycle, which would could take 4 years. if what we're talking about is, and someone fairly in the 1st year. so no, there's no other mechanism apart from things that might happen all out on the

street. there's no cost to ship, it's not generally just ported there for a 2nd. while we look back and explain why we are, why we are today, not unity is often referred to as the only success story of our spring uprisings. the presidents critics of accused in the returning the country to the autocratic system of pre 2011 and last year, like i see sacked, the prime minister unsuspended parliament. in september he started ruling by decree, appointing, a new cabinet and setting aside parts of the constitution. 3 months late aside, announced a referendum, unconstitutional changes that would be held in july 2022 followed by parliamentary elections in december. so father shit is dissolved, parliament shut down the anti corruption watchdog. and 5, dozens of judges, a draft version of his constitution prompted legal experts to warn it could lead to the take to ship. so the president amended it slightly had of monday's vote. vi i

also wanted to ask you, there is an interesting suggestion that the new constitution will drop references to islam as the state religion is bothered. dig it and not the main opposition party. you think what, what does that come from? so, so we become sean la succession of events. what originally happens is that the commission was established to, to, to, to prepare the original draft with authorization. they floated this idea that article to the constitution article one of the constitution that provided the state religion should be, should be amended or should be dropped altogether. and that was ultimately maintained in the draft that the president of finer the published. but he added in a new series of the new provisional article 5, which has its all wording and language about islam and the link between states. and so ultimately, i don't know if this will make any difference in practice. i mean,

you know, the relationship between religion and state has always been a little bit vague and unclear. and tunisia certainly not a 2nd, or some people have made it out to the northern religious and other people may be also on the other side of the spectrum. and ultimately, what's going to end up happening is that whoever's in charge of state policy will decide whether or not they want to use religion for to inspire legislation. they policy or to stay with a opposition, clinicals opposition. whatever it is that they think it's convenient for them, but i don't think the current boarding makes any major difference. now, i mean high unemployment. busy high prices were key factors behind the revolution. in 2011 little is changed really, since then. but the haven't been these widespread protests on the streets again side that you had back in 2011 against the previous president. why is that case? you think? well, 1st of all, i think there is reason 1st,

the else is not really bothered with this election with district brenda. we are talking about something that is very promoted with legal terms is very difficult to, to, to generalize the public opinion. so it's really not a subject in the whole the whole population. secondly, i think plays a role that the professors are not really free to do to do their, to do their, their money. and they're both as we have seen yesterday. police during, during, during the protest against the, against the new constitution. and we have seen many school actors who have been injured or arrested by the police. a 37 arrest yesterday during the process in

front of the municipal. yes, your injury. so this is, this is, this is interesting because it is such a result. we haven't seen too long. we have now we have multiple when, what is the right to put this was written and now we have reached a new level of detail. ok mama did the protests on friday there was a party organized by 3 major opposition parties and nada is having its own on saturday. why does this opposition remain fractured and he's not able to come together to present the united front. it helps sky sides argument, doesn't it? yes sir. the opposite is factored for several reasons. and the 1st one is lack of trust and inter party dynamics of the last year or the last years,

especially since the 2019 elections eroded a thrust between and now and those who are more in the center. and on the other side you have those who are more on the left side of the spectrum who her work tend to have. 2 more ideological antagonism against aren't is the, is i miss and do not, cannot, not even consider workinger working with them. so inside is playing on that, in fact, is using legal cases constituted by a part of the opposition to attack the samus and, and they're fine with that as long as i did that in their enemy. so far they, it, the constitution. the traditions were so proud of that they created after the after the arab spring. it's given several free and fair elections to new series delivered those, but it's not delivered as we just touched on before, the sort of jobs and the dignity and the food that unit is looking that unit in the

looking for. is there any hope this new version giving more power to the present will make things on life any better for transients? little mean the constitution doesn't say anything about those issues. i mean at a very, very basic level. if you look at the, the 2014 constitution and that's not a false tuition and ms. new proposed constitution, they all provide for associate economic rights of the all ready people wide for the free health care and quality education and other. so speaking of rights, but none of those rights are directly enforceable in the courts or 3 and the other mechanisms into which is we've been the tradition here. i'm going to court will never receive a dispute relation to those issues. and in 2014 that was discussed, there was no change to disgust the only the only disgust superficial changes to the wording was provisions, even though everyone knew that the origin force of. ready and the same thing happened again. now in 2022,

there's no change to the system. so this competition only changes the system. government previously was a plural system of government. now it's govern. well, one person has a huge wants with already for an extended period of time, but it doesn't say anything about what mechanism, what means, what arrangements, ordinary intrusions, have to have to improve their socio economic status at all. so then they can still continue to still claim to call itself a democracy, that it's transition from dictatorship to democracy and it's still claim mount. i mean the, the problem with the system as it exists is that it depends entirely on the will and the behavior of the individual happens to be president. the system as is provided for proposed constitution makes it very possible, very easy for that individual to capture all state institutions to determine all state policy and to remain in power for a. busy long period time,

completely unopposed. so if we're lucky and it turns out that the person in charge, whether this present or another person is of good will and a democrat and so forth and it won't be a dictatorship. but if for whatever reason the person is doesn't want to behave in that way and decided to capture some institutions, you'll be able to do it not by violating the tax, but really by applying to tax the tax makes it possible. ok, so mama, dear zion, they're suggesting that we need a good deal of luck for trinity to be able to succeed democratically. do you see ty, side as the, the different president in the arab world, the one who will not seize power for his own good. what would do it for the benefits of the, of the 2 thousands of his people? yeah, i don't think you would be the difference or may be the institutional design and the norm, the social norms will make,

will read some resistance. but if we compare him to either presidents who did similar pose so food or to go pay, and it's very likely that he will end up establishing not only in the for a $10.00 regime, but also a personal mystic regime in the sense that does not rely on institutions, so for example, in must a very enter countries. in the r word. there are institutions that share some level of power with the president. either legally or defact and side is moving toward an extreme concentration of power. and that will probably lead to policy and efficiency, both the goal and stability. and from what we know about this kind of regimes not only in the region, but across the word that personalization of power. ok then also to

close the room for peaceful transitions of power. ok. all right gentlemen, we are unfortunately out of time. but thanks to all our guests. i mean sanusi to mohammed dear her mommy and zaid ugly. and thank you too for watching. you can see the problem again. any time by visiting our website al jazeera dot com, and for more debate, go to our facebook page. that's facebook dot com, forward slash ha. in science story. you'll also join the conversation on twitter. we are at a j in science store for me, bernard smith, and the whole team here. ah, one 3rd of all the put produced is the wasted, with tens of thousands of put outlets. so well in south korea has been transformed

from west offender if the bill by leader in for the recycling either reporting on how your technology is making as possible in kenya. i mean, the pharmacy and sundays. what do you think the thought the lab nodes depend on water play? move life off right on iraq. i bone vehicles harvesting every day. every click you make calling everything to all the waves. a good time to watch what we believe that the deep sleep is to 1st civilian to stratosphere. again, we are created. we are with the highlands of bonnie, have long attracted to visitors come here for the cool climate and to see bonnie's famous rice fields. but these fields and farms are more than just

a tourist attraction. they provided a lifeline for the thousands who lost their jobs when the travellers stopped coming because of coven 19. pandemic restrictions brought financial hardship to many here valley. now as the island reopens for international travelers, some say they want more just to return it to the way things work before. community groups have helped form a tourism workers learn how to cut it used to be a tour guide. now he farms, cabbages. and that the, i don't want to go back to tourism, i want to continue to be a farmer as the island prepares to welcome visitors. again, many say the pandemic has taught them valuable lessons. never forget, ah.