to lee remembering and then degnan museum, that was extremely divisive, extremely violent, and the reason for my ditching could exceed religious tensions, have increased under nevins modi but on independence day. indians from all walks of life turned out to celebrate. daphne met that al jazeera, you deli, ah, so this is out there are these all the top stories and it can years. deputy president william router has been declared the winner of the country's presidential election. he received just over 50 percent of the votes, less than 2 percent ahead of his rival. the former prime minister, rollo dingo reaches promising kenyans radical economic reform, gender equity, and as calling for unity, i am a vague, proud canyon this evening that the people of k now have raised the bar on us who are thinking leadership in our country. not to

celebrate the new cities, but to settle our programs. our manifesto of our agenda and our plan we do not have been luxury to point fingers. we do not have the luxury to apportion blame. we must close ranks and walk together for a functioning democratic process, but us ok now but controlled as he surrounds his when before the result was announced, violence broke out at the national tallying center in nairobi full members of the election commission deciding the result saying the process was to take a quoted me, amal has convicted on cynita ang, santucci, and more corruption cases. i think, 6 years to her prison sentence charges related to accusations that she was building

a home with money from charitable donations. china has announced more military exercises around taiwan as a u. s. congressional delegation continued its visit to the self governing island. the fight politicians met with ty, one's president sighing when similar visit my house b. could nancy pelosi this month anchor bay ging, prompting nearly 2 weeks of military exercises. french troops of officially pulled out of marley, put an end to a 9 year long military operation. a kind of force was created to fight armed groups in the south region. relations of worsens and 2 military coups in molly, in the past 2 years, funerals have been held in jesus city in greater cairo for at least 41 people who died after far at a coptic christian church on sunday. thousands of worshippers were trapped causing a stampede. or you have stuck their lines one use coming up here in our desert right after inside story like

ah, a global tracy for the high seas, un member states trying to agree a deal to protect fragile ecosystems and international waters. why is it important? and what has prevented an agreement until now. this is inside story. with hello and welcome to the program. i'm laura kyle. countries have tried for years to reach a global agreement on protecting the high seas. areas of the world's oceans that

full beyond the jurisdiction of any one nation. each country has exclusive use of its territorial waters which one up to 370 kilometers from the shorelines. those territorial areas are highlighted in light blue on this map. beyond that, in dark blue on the high seas, international waters that make up most of our planets, oceans, scientists say existing laws aren't strong enough to protect those areas. well, the high seas are crucial for supporting marine life as well as absorbing carbon dioxide and heat caused by global warming. un member states meeting in new york to try to agree on a legally binding treaty had been negotiating for the past 10 years. let's look at why it's so relevant. 2 thirds of the world's ocean are considered international waters. that means all countries have a right to fish ship and carry out research in them. but only 1.2 percent of these

high seas are protected. this means most of the walls marine life is exposed to growing threats from climate change over fishing and shipping. if countries commit to the treaty, 30 percent of the world's oceans would be considered conservative conservation areas by 2013. that means that environmental impact assessments will have to be carried out before any commercial activities such as deep sea mining are allowed. we'll see you and oceans conference in june, 2nd, general antenna, good terrorist and some governments were deliberately stalling progress on a treaty. egg always. we are dealing with the protection of firm borrow over city in international waters. but some people still sing that they are powerful enough to suit vote. international walkers should be this. i think it's important to work. everybody

understands that international or waters are hours of all countries and all people's hulu. let's bring in august now in new york. we have jessica battle senior experts on global ocean policy at the world wildlife fund in london, danesh mustafah, professor of critical geography at king's college, london, and also a new york, well mccollum, head of oceans at green piece you came when there's also had a green piece delegation to the un in new york. i will welcome to all of you. first, i think it's important to address the facts that we're talking about. half of our planet left currently unprotected. it's an incredible amount. well, why is it so important to change that? it's so important to change the status quo because when we're seeing the threats, the ocean not only increasing what seems like over fishing,

like illegal to sing like deep sea mining, all continue to increase some very little extra actually protect the bio diversity out there on the oceans and i suppose for people sitting back on lambs, they might wonder why, why does ocean protection matter for me? and i'd say, well, all of us depend on a healthy ocean to help regulate our climate, to absorb carbon, to keep us more resilient, the impacts of climate change. but also more than 3000000000 people around the world depends on the ocean to the primary source of food. so risking that food security through political action simply isn't good enough and that's why we're here at the united nation. this week. campaigning for a strong agree study. talk more about that treaty and just a moment on is just before we do. i mean, this is a part of the world, but not many of us get to see. let's be honest. who does go out what sort of activities do we see out on these high seas? well, they are very few countries in the world that actually have the capability to undertake

the mining. it used to be the united states was the only country out of the $990.00 capacity to walk in the high season. the mining maybe japan right now has developed that sort of ability, maybe a couple of other countries. but united states continues to be the largest player in the game when it comes to c mining. in fact, bradley, the only place that is out there. so when you're really talking about regulation of the high seas, what you're really talking about is a handful of stream the bar, roger bar countries, united states being at the forefront. so the question of regulating deep sea mining is probably intricately connected to domestic politics with united states where it becomes politically feasible for an administration to forego an almost exclusive capability that they have to undertake the kind of activity that is trying to regulate. i mean,

was in beak or south africa or pakistan or under the heavy signed the treaty because you don't have the ability to go out there and the high seat and then take the grant my name when it comes to fisheries. of handful of countries that actually have the factory boats which have that sort of arranged to undertake deep sea blue waters fishing. r g for amongst them would be again, united states, canada, norway, iceland, japan, taiwan, korea, and then maybe a few others that participants are gonna be mindful of and know off. so again, this treaty really is about a handful of countries that can actually do something in the high seats. so you see there was a, there was a reference in the, in the, in the chip that you ran earlier from enough. you bought that as well. well, let's name the part for once, right? you don't think that it belongs to the rest of the we're going to get to it. i'm

going to bring you in at this point because quite quickly we done is hones a thin from a global tracy to just a handful of perpetrators. so why don't we just make this a domestic issue and, and hone in on these, these few powerful countries? why does it have to involve the whole whole world? well, because they united nation, the law of this, the treaty, which is the one on the which this treat the thing negotiated, actually has $165.00 parties. i think it's a, it's a pretty global treaty. us, you said in your introduction the highest it belongs to everyone. we cannot allow only a few countries to exploit these last areas that have so many benefits for so many people are so many countries economy as well. so that it's very, very important that almost all these countries become,

if not all become parties. members, to this treat that when they finalize, so that everybody is covered by an all activities covered by it. we believe, and this is also what the good paris said, the secretary general, the united nations, in the clear in the beginning that the ocean beyond national jurisdiction is really the lodge, the law tragedy of the commons. i say it really is somewhere where those who can have been explosive to the benefit for them, but really at the detriment of all of us and all of our children's future as well. so even though it's, of course, only a few companies that they have the ability to go out there and what they do is that they subsidize, for example, their high sufficiently, tremendously expensive to operate on the high seas and, and they, they catch too much fish. they destroy employ than

a habitat living space for many may in creatures. and they will capture a lot of important spacious in bycatch, iconic spaces that we have to be cultural or other values to like large waves, for example, titles. so really yes, the, it's a few country who have activities back, but if all of ours, interest and responsibility and, well, we know that countries like australia, new zealand, but the you are in favor of this treaty was about places like america, japan, a veil on board with it over the last round of negotiations took place in march. we saw that many, if not most countries were in favor of concluding a treaty. the question is really, how strong will that treaty be in for us as being pieces environmental campaign as an i'm sure i share this with others on the call from the success of this treaty and its strength will be determined on whether or not it has the power to protect

areas of the high seas, kind of actually put areas on the high seas, off limits to some of these destructive industries. we be mentioning. if it can do that, then we'll consider a strong treaty and it remains to be seen how hard the e u m. particular are willing to push for this really worried at the moment i'm entering into these negotiations in quite it. a 10 play is wondering how will countries that previous to being supportive, be willing to compromise, because we desperately need a strong treat to treat you can actually deliver ocean protection, the u. k. government, for example, along many of the been traveling around the well campaign for at least 30 percent of the world's oceans to be protected by 2030. that's what scientists say is needed to restore populations key promotions more resilient climate change. now the target is simply impossible, without a strong treaty, we will get it on that scale. and if we don't agree and treaty this year, it also is impossible to protect 30 central ocean by 2030. so the agile see is what

we really need to see these negotiations, the urgency willingness and don us also when we need to know how we can protect these oceans, we're talking about places that are very hospitable, that are very inaccessible. how do we actually police these high seas again, just to just to get back to my earlier point of very few countries in the world have the capability to enforce, right? the same countries that have the capability to go out there and undertake dc mining or subsidize their iep see fishing fleets. otherwise we'll have the capability to police those. so it's a, it's a, it's an interesting situation that perpetrated and also the ones which we are also asking to release their behavior. so you can get your treaty and if the united states doesn't sign it does, it's not what the people that it's written on you can get your i mean it's kind of

like climate change as well. right? i'm trying to change the lot. busy or political attraction in the european union even, you know, to an extent, you could argue in the states, it's in the eye. but high seas is something that, that's very far away from public punches. but if you people go out there, basically people get excited about it. and i think that that's, that's the sort of paradox of the problem that you have at your hands. so you, when can do what it wants and you know, 165564 countries sign it and he doesn't sign it. why you have a treaty. but so what i mean, the, the main country that can actually do something about it or is in fact, the problem doesn't sign it. so that's end of discussion that check thing looks at climate change treaty, but not to have die now or us part of it. well, that becomes meaningless. ok, i can think of what's your response to that? i mean, as he was saying, no, you can get everybody's signing it. but how are we actually getting to the polices

and will the us be willing to police itself? i mean, it's valid points, isn't it? and what's the response to that? i don't wish to focus too much of the united states because they're not gonna stay specially in north park. this is the law of the c convention understand, behaves according to the law convention. i think what is really important here is if we heard that the state to a court is to this treaty, they are, they are obliged to also make sure that the flag, the vessels that they flag and all activities on the high seas, but taking place on some vessels on vessels off to the fishing potential. they've been mining shipping, of course, k belaying. don't forget other potential and current views of the ocean or taking place from, from the vessel from boats. and these both have a flag and if that is the flag space that is responsible for the behavior and all these vessels and the hood need to police this. so if the read is this treat the

we're hoping can for the best, the collaboration between these flags they and who are signatories to a whole host. so other agreements that they also have to implement when they're, when they're invest those, the vessels that they flag or bracing on the highest is let's not forget for guess other treat this such as the commercial markets or thesis that was set up to protect animals that that migrates across jurisdictional from the highest is to a nation of all of the spectra. and we have a lot of fish or some fish spacious in their 1st of the sector. that is one of those that this the, the, the flex. they also have to make sure are followed and what we're hoping with is tracy is to establish this strong collaborative mechanism and also a sounds of, of duty to report what is going on, how are they doing when they're implementing the history. so for example, when we're saying if this is suspected area that has been established on this,

tracy, that these flag states are controlling the vessels that they flag instruction. a of that does not break that law. well, still it's going to run up against some big, powerful interests, isn't it? let's look at deep sea mining. for example, no license, it doesn't happen as yet. but explain exploratory licenses. have been released. how much concern does this raise for you? because people are going to want to explore the deep sea as resources on land run thin. and as we want to develop renewable energy, we're already finding sources, minerals under the sea that can contribute to that. so there's a conundrum there in itself. how, how does this argument play out? quickly on deep sea mining, i think frankly, there's absolutely no need for deep sea mining. the big tech companies, the big companies who might need these minerals. they're not calling for the mining

. they're actually looking at old time, into materials, etc. mining is being pushed forward by a tiny number of companies who desperately want to to find a new frontier to expose. so it is a concern for us absolutely. that it's being talked about seriously. but really, i think the other obstacles is treat faces. and so how to mystic i am, you know, no one said, deciding that the say to half of our planet is going to be a simple task. it is wrong with complex team and difficulty, but it's also the most enormous opportunity. and i have a lot of hope going into the next 2 weeks because the science is so clear that when you protect the ocean property, when you, when you put areas, are limits to human activities. when you limit the more destructive industries out that you have this remarkable ability to bounce back to restore like sort of scale that you just don't see on land. and that vision of hope i did that, that,

that protecting it will, will all be the reward property. protecting it, i hope is what will drive some governments to really push the most ambitious treaty that will love your optimism and i want to share it, but it's been 10 years of negotiations. what makes you think that this is the year it's going to be agreed. so some very powerful countries in the room right now are saying this year. we see within that he, you come out a lot saying we have to see a treaty. we're seeing other negotiating groups like the pacific small island developing states, like because we are also saying this year, the ultimate, the governments don't want to be sending delegation to new york year in year out to the future of our planet. they want, they want to see a result, but it is very disappointing to see ministers from most companies here that would really send the signal is a political priority. so if the in the 1st few days we're seeing these talks are replicating, the same cumbersome bureaucratic processes as before, then absolutely,

we're going to be writing to ministers around the world. so you have to get him out . you have to come here and make your voice, had to make delegations know that this is a political priority. to conclude, it isn't easy. of course, it's not easy to $165.00 countries agreeing, and the thing is easy, but we do believe that we play an all of this for many years. and governments here are really ready to agree they want this. i'm just wondering, well whether you find that it's already been watered down because we have a graphic we can show you. the green piece from the university of york released a study in 2019 on how the oceans could be protected by 2030. not the areas in orange show the high seas that a protected now. and as we said earlier, it's about one percent. and this is what 30 percent would look like that fee amount, but we're focusing on if it is possible to safeguard a full spectrum of marine life without disrupting fishing and commercial activities

. now that 30 percent it was brought down from 50 percent. donna, do you think 30 percent is always never enough. is it but is it ok? is it viable? is it possible at this stage of the game i'm? i'm no technical expert on fisheries, and i can't really argue where the 30 percent of 35 percent or 25 percent. what is a good number for that important problem i'm trying to and i'm not against the treaty or refugees, a wonderful happens and i hope that optimism is well placed in and it does country . my view is, for example, as it was just mentioned by one of the participants to give me up. i'm not remembering names that flag ships are the country the flagship are responsible for the behavior of those vessels. now the idea of us majority and i'm happy to be connected in the pi, misinformed them to some last majority of the high seas,

official fleets. i'd actually like by beauty and panama and the small countries out there, which are basically fact convenience. which basically means that there are other videos not going to go out there, and the police, a fishing trotter in the pacific and modified behavior. the other important point that has just been raised is that the law of the seas not subscribed to by the united states. again, well didn't, is your answer of countries that have the capability to actually have high seas, tricia, trauma fishing please. the countries that have dc mining may very well be a very minor part of the picture at the moment in the future. what happens? i don't know those that again, problems of these major countries and i think that i can, i can understand the go how, why colleagues are hesitant to name names or to focus on any one country or the other country. but that's not going to change the reality of the incredible power

that a few countries have to create a problem and then to control the problem without those, i mean, no one said that synagogue is a problem. no one said that south africa is the problem. that, i mean, what does that mean? what is high c? there's a very small for characters. and unless we focus on those, you know, bias declarations that belongs to on a 5. ok. i just wanted to jump in, jump in. yeah, i was just going to say, yes, it is a small number of countries that are creating the problems, but it is more companies who are feeling the impacts. and that is why we need these multi not for processes is to help those countries who might not have a diplomatic power as a single entity by creating the sheet. is that that, that, that really deliver a common good so, well, that might not be some individual countries creating problems on the united states

street. but countries like spain, you have one of the largest high seas fishing fleets who have been lobbying the european union for a week position on issues they will be. and they will fix the same goes or from also have a very large international to flee. they will be bound by and so there are many countries that are active on the high seas who will be bound by this treaty. and also the huge trading block type, euro p and union can in fact through trade agreements, keep other countries to the kinds of these treaties to the rules of these treaties . so whether or not a country ratified that there are so other mechanisms by which countries one things joining jump in as well. yes, the thank you. thank you will without i think what, what we have to remember here. so this tree is not being negotiated in isolation. there are pointed out, there are other trees and lots of agreements. governments have signed onto because they have understood that we have a planet,

but it's ailing. and we need to do something about the way we treat this planet. these are the sustainable development goals, for example. now this is not legally binding, but they are aspiration of the international community to make sure that all states either reduce the consumption because they consume too much or are able to partake in a sustainable development in, in, in that is sustainably getting the resources we have to our disposal without further, if they're seeing the marine marine, the natural environment, launch the thing we must remember that these commitments that these countries have also signed up to. and we have to hold them accountable, which is why we need to make sure we were saying that there's more political ways more political attention to this treaty at this time. just because they've got a deadline at the end of this year to reach an agreement on this treaty, what happens if it's not reached?

if it is not rich, they will have to. they will have to have another go station session, but it's not, not an impossibility, but of course, during this time the ocean is continues to deteriorate. so we do not want to see a whole slew of, of more sessions. and we would like them to conclude this treaty at this time. but if there are a few small issues still to resolve, then yes, another session might be needed. but if, if that we can't wait the ocean conway, absolutely ok. we will have to leave at the for the moment, watching the next few days of this convention bite closely in the thanks very much for taking the time to join us jessica battle tanisha and stuff. and we'll mccollum and thank you to for watching. you can see the program again any time by visiting our website in this algebra dot com and discussion to go to a facebook page at facebook dot com forward slash a inside story. it was a joint conversation on twitter, a j inside story from me,

nora kyle and the whole team here. the news ah. the 19th sixty's, the significant decade across the middle east and north africa. it was the decade when new dynamic movements were launched. in the last of a 3 part series al jazeera well looks at the changes in society as a home. teachers were looked after and learning methods were closed, the evaluated from education to the changing wills of women,

the expansion of the middle class, and improve transportation. the sixty's in the arab was society on our jazeera ah, abandoned, by the state social collectives are occupying spaces among the people, a militant architect working on the edge of the law. in the 1st episode of rabble on his hector, from viagra, seattle. however, jose i'll just see about him through the realm of cell fails in insane carina architect on al jazeera, thousands of migrants set out from the city of dublin, chula, in the early hours of monday. there's numerous nationalities among them. but the vast majority are from venice when 0, one to reach the united states. it's already been a long and difficult journey for most. there are many of us migrants here. we need

help. i just like this woman. i. many people died in the jungle on our way here. it's the largest migrant care band to set out from southern mexico this year. they'll rest for now, but the plan is to take to the road again after midnight, and make it as far as they can before the heat sets in once again. ah, this is al jazeera ah 11 o'clock visit the news. i live from day hall coming up in the next 60 minutes. and in this election. there ah no loses. what am rito is declared the winner of kenya's closely fort presidential election. the mouse became just minutes, all.