this is asking questions about the speed and the size of the operation on the polish side of the border to find out what caused these deaths. it seems the polish government has heard those voices, the heads of poland, water authority, and environment inspector. it's have been sacked the view in warsaw or is that someone may have deliberately put a toxic substance into the river, which is why a reward of more than $200000.00 has been offered for help in finding who did this dominate cane al jazeera, on the order river ah let's take you through the headlines now. kenya's new president. he liked his calling for unity after protest broke out when he was named the winner of a tightly contested election. william root obeyed his former, his rival for prime minister rollo dingo, by less than 2 percent of the vote. the state department says iran must have banded

demands. it calls unacceptable in talks to revive the 2015 nuclear deal. to iran says an agreement could be reached in the coming days if certain issues are resolved. the 1st shipment of grain from ukraine bound for africa has left port. the un chartered ship is destined for ethiopia, about 18000000 people in the horn of africa facing extreme hunger. e delegates have arrived in garzo where they'll visit the shipper hospital and assess the condition of health care across the city. the group has signed an agreement with the un relief agency for palestinian refugees. this agreement we have signed to die, represent the ongoing support of europe to palestine. refugees. the agreement to day 246000000 are euros. will enable owner to provide services to refugees. hearing garza and across the

region. china has announced more live fire military acts. the sizes around taiwan saying it's ready to smash any foreign interference in its affairs. bay. ging says the drills are aimed at the tearing the u. s and taiwan from playing what it called political tricks. the warning coincided with a visit by u. s. congressional delegation to the island. china claims as its own. a chinese research vessel is docked in sri lanka, but several days later after india res security concerns a ship will be at hand bun, toto port for a week. i mean, the us government is said to declare a national day of mourning to remember those who died in an explosion in the busy market. on sunday, 16 people were killed in 18 is still missing, following the blast at a firework storage facility in the out of on. the news continues after inside story

stay with us. the world copies coming to catch our in just 3 months. as the main event gets closer, we hear every step of the way. hello, i'm janet ezra with updates from teams and fans across the globe. themes can expect some strong support here in customer with the spotlight now one euro can france claim back to back? well, comp victories. the all wheel portugal christiano. rinaldo finally get his hands on the trophy. the well can't count on al jazeera, a global treaty for the high seas, un member states trying to agree a deal to protect fragile ecosystems and international waters. why is it important and what has prevented an agreement until now? this is inside story. ah

hello and welcome to the program. i'm laura kyle. countries have tried for years to reach a global agreement on protecting the high seas. in the areas of the world's oceans that fall beyond the jurisdiction of any one nation. each country has exclusive use of its territorial waters which one up to 370 kilometers from the shorelines. those territorial areas are highlighted in light blue on this map. beyond that, in dark blue or the high seas, international waters that make up most of our planets, oceans, scientists say existing laws aren't strong enough to protect those areas. the high seas are crucial for supporting marine life, as well as absorbing carbon dioxide and heat caused by global warming. un member states meeting in new york to try to agree on a legally binding treaty. they've been negotiating to the past 10 years. let's look at why it's so relevant. 2 thirds of the world's ocean are considered international

waters. that means all countries have a right to fish ship and carry out research in them. but only 1.2 percent of these high seas are protected. this means most of the walls marine life is exposed to growing threats from climate change over fishing and shipping. if countries commit to the treaty, 30 percent of the world's oceans would be considered conservative conservation areas by 2030. that means that environmental impact assessments will have to be carried out before any commercial activities such as deep sea mining are allowed. well see you and oceans conference in june, secretary, general antenna terrorists and some governments were deliberately stalling progress on a treaty egg always. we are dealing with the protection of firm borrow over city in international waters. but some people

still sing that they are powerful enough will soon, quilting commercial waters should be this. i think it's important to work. everybody understands that international or waters are hours of all countries and all peoples with let's bring in our gas now in new york, we have jessica battle senior experts on global ocean policy at the world wildlife fund in london, danesh mustafah for professor of critical geography at kings college london and also in new york. well, mccollum had of oceans that green piece you came when it also had of green pieces delegation to the un in new york. i will welcome to all of you. first, i think it's important to address the facts that we're talking about. half of our planet left currently unprotected. it's an incredible amount. well, why is it so important to change that?

it's so important to change the status quo because when we're seeing the threats, the ocean, not only increasing, we've seen like over fishing like illegal things like deep sea mining. all continue to increase some very little extra, actually protect the bio diversity out there on the oceans. and i suppose for people sitting back on lamps, they might wonder why, why does ocean protection matter to me and, and say, well, all of us depend on a healthy ocean to help regulate climate, to absorb carbon, to keep us more resilient, the impacts of climate change but also more than 3000000000 people around the world depends on the ocean to their primary source of food. so, risking that food security through political action simply isn't good enough. and that's why we're here at the united nation, this week campaign for a strong treaty to be agreed with study, talk more about that treaty and just a moment on it's just before we do, i mean, this is a part of the world, but not many of us get to see, let's be honest,

who does go out what sort of activities do we see out on these high seas? well, they are very few countries in the world that actually have the capability to undertake the mining. it used to be the united states was the only country out of the $990.00 the capacity to walk in the high season. the mining maybe japan right now has developed that sort of ability, maybe a couple of other countries. but united states continues to be the largest player in the game when it comes to see mining. in fact, bradley, the only place that is out there. so when you're really talking about regulation of the high seas, what you're really talking about is a handful, not extremely by boss countries, united states being at the forefront. so the question of regulating deep sea mining is probably intricately connected to domestic politics with united states where it becomes politically feasible for an administration to forego an almost exclusive

capability that they have to undertake the kind of activity that his duties blank, regulate. i mean, was a beak or south africa, or pakistan or dish will happily sign the treaty because don't have the ability to go out and die seats. and i did take the kind of mining activities when it comes to deep sea fisheries. again, they have a handful of countries that actually have the factory boats which have that sort of range to undertake. deep sea blue waters fishing chief amongst them would be again united states, canada, norway, iceland, japan, taiwan, korea, and then maybe a few others that the other participants are gonna be mindful of and know off. so again, this treaty really is about a handful of countries that can actually do something in the high seats. so you see there was a, there was a reference in the, in the,

in the test that you ran earlier at the countries, things from enough. you bought the risk. well well, let's name the bar for once. right? you don't think that it belongs to the rest of the work, and when you get to it, i'm going to bring you in at this point because quite quickly, we've done this of homeless in from a global treaty to just a handful of perpetrators. so, why don't we just make this a domestic issue and, and hone in on these, these few powerful countries? why does it have to involve the whole whole world? well, because they united nation, the law of this, the treaty, which is the one on the which this treat the thing negotiated, actually has $165.00 parties. i think it's a, it's a pretty global treaty. and you said in your introduction, the highest it belongs to everyone. we cannot allow only a few countries to exploit these last areas that have so many benefits for so many

people. so many countries, economies as well. so that it's very, very important that almost all these countries become, if not all become parties. members, to this treat that when they finalize, so that everybody is covered by an all activities covered by it. we believe, and this is also what the good paris said, the secretary general, the united nations, in the clear in the beginning that the ocean beyond national jurisdiction is really the lodge, the law tragedy of the commons. i say it really is somewhere where those who can have been exploiting it to the benefit for them, but really at the detriment of all of us and all of our children's future as well. so even though it's, of course, only a few companies that they have the ability to go out there and what they do is that they subsidize, for example, they're high sufficiently tremendously expensive to operate on the high seas

and, and they, they catch too much fish. they destroy him than a habitat living space for many, many creatures. and they will capture a lot of important spacious in bycatch, such as iconic spaces that we have to be cultural or other values to like large whales, for example, the turtles. so really yes, the, it's a few country who have activities there, but it's all of ours interest and responsibility. and, well, we know that countries like australia, new zealand, but the e u. r in favor of this treaty was about places like america, japan, avail and board with it. over the last round of negotiations that took place in march, we saw that many, if not most countries were in favor of concluding a treaty. the question is really, how strong will that treaty be?

for us, the green pieces environmental containers, and i'm sure i share this with others on the call from the success of this treaty. and its strength will be determined on whether or not has the power to protect the areas of the high seas. kind of actually put areas on the high seas, off limits to some of these destructive industries we be mentioning. if we can do that, then we'll consider a strong treaty and it remains to be seen how hard the particular are willing to push for this really worried of them on entering into these negotiations in quite it. a 10 play is wondering how will countries that previous to being supportive, be willing to compromise, because we desperately need a strong treat to treat you can actually deliver ocean protection, the u. k. government, for example, along many of the been traveling around the well campaign for at least 30 percent of the world's oceans to be protected by 2030. that's what scientists say is needed to restore this population's key promotions more resilient climate change. now the target is simply impossible, without a strong treaty,

we won't get it on that scale. and if we don't agree a treaty this year, it also is impossible to protect 30 central ocean by 2030. so the agency is what we really need to see. these negotiations, the urgency willingness, and don us also we, we need to know how we can protect these oceans. we're talking about places that are very hospitable, that are very inaccessible. how do we actually police these high seas again, just to just to get back to my earlier point of very few countries in the world have the capability to enforce, right? the same countries that have the capability to go out there and undertake deep sea mining or subsidize their fishing fleets. otherwise we'll have the capability to actually believe those. so it's a, it's a, it's a, it's an interesting situation that, perpetrated is also the ones which we are also asking to release their behavior. so

you can get your creepy and if the united states doesn't sign it does, it's not what the people that it's written on you can get your i mean it's kind of like climate change as well. right? i'm trying to change the lot. busy political attraction in the european union even, you know, to an extent, you could argue in the states, it's in the i. but high seas is something that that's very far away from buckets consciousness. very few people go out there. but if people get excited about it, and i think that that's, that's the sort of paradox, the problem that you have at your hands. so you, when can do what it wants and you know, 165 to 964 countries sign it and he doesn't sign it. why you have a treaty. but so what i mean, the, the main country that can actually do something about it or is in fact, the problem doesn't find it. so that's end of discussion that check thing looks at climate change treaty, but not to have dry now or us part of it. well,

that becomes meaningless. ok, i can think of what's your response to that? i mean, as he was saying, no, you can get everybody's signing it. but how are we actually going to police's and will the us be willing to police itself? i mean, it's valid points, isn't it? and what's the response to that? i don't think we should focus too much of the united states and united states actually not a part of the law of the sea convention understand, behaves according to the law convention. i think what is really important here is, as we heard that the state to a court is to this treaty. they are, they are obliged to also make sure that the flag the vessels that they flag and will activities on the high seas taking place on some vessels on vessels off to the fishing potential in mining shipping. of course, k belaying. don't forget other potential and current uses of the ocean or taking place from, from vessel from boats. and these both have

a flag that is the flag space that is responsible for the behavior of these vessels and the hood need to police this. so if the read is this treat the we're hoping can force the best, the collaboration between this flag say and who are signatories to a whole host of other agreements. but they also have to implement when they're, when they're invest sosa vessels and they flag, or bracing on the highest is let's not forget to forget the other. treat this, such as the commercial markets or species that was set up to protect animals that, that's migrates across jurisdiction from the highest is to national horses, etc. and we have a lot of fish or some fish spacious in their 1st of the sector. that is one of those that this the, the, the flex they also have to make sure are followed. and what we're hoping with this tracy is to establish this strong collaborative mechanism. and also a sense of duty to report what is going on. how are they doing when they're

implementing the tree? so for example, when we're saying if this is suspected area that has been established on this, tracy, that these flag states are controlling the vessels as they flag instruction a. do not break that law. well, still it's going to run up against some big, powerful interest, isn't it? let's look at deep sea mining. for example, no license, it doesn't happen as yet. but explain exploratory licenses. have been released. how much concern does this raise for you? because people are going to want to explore the deep sea as resources on land run thin. and as we want to develop renewable energy, we're already finding sources, minerals under the sea that can contribute to that. so there's a conundrum there in itself. how, how does this argument play out quickly and deep sea mining,

i think frankly, there is absolutely no need for deep sea mining. the big tech companies, the big companies who might need these minerals. they're not call into the c mining . they're actually looking at alternative materials. mining is being pushed forward by a tiny number of companies who desperately want to to find a new frontier to expose. so it is a concern for us absolutely. that it's, you know, being talked about seriously but, but really, i think the other obstacles is treated faces. and so how optimistic i am. no one said, deciding that the fatal plan is going to be a simple task. it's, it's rural with complexity and difficulty, but it's also the most enormous opportunity. and i have a lot of hope going into the next 2 weeks because the science is so clear that when you protect the ocean's property, when you, when you put areas of limits to human activities, when you limit the more destructive industries out that you have this remarkable

ability to bounce back to restore like sort of scale that you just don't see on land. and that vision of hope i did that, that the protecting it will, will all read the rewards of property. protecting it, i hope is what will drive some governments to really push to the most ambitious treaty? well, i love your optimism and i want to share it, but it's been 10 years of negotiations. what makes you think that this is the year it's going to be agreed. so some very powerful countries in the room right now are saying, we see, we're seeing that you come out saying we have to see a treaty. we're seeing other negotiating groups like the pacific small island developing states like the african also saying this year, the ultimate, the governments don't want to be sending delegation to new york year in year out to debate the future of our planet. they want, they want to see a result, but it is very disappointing not to see ministers for most companies here that

would really send the signal. it's a political priority. so in the 1st few days, we're seeing these talks are replicating, the same cumbersome, bureaucratic processes as before, then absolutely going to be writing to ministers around the world. so you have to get him out. you have to come here and make your voice how to make delegations know that this is a political priority. to conclude, it isn't easy. of course it's not easy. $165.00 countries agreeing and nothing is easy. but we do believe that we play an all of this for many years, and governments here are really ready to agree they want this. i'm just wondering whether you find that it's already been watered down because we have a graphic we can show you. the green piece from the university of york released a study in 2019 on how the oceans could be protected by 2013. the areas in orange show the high seas that a protected now and as we said earlier, it's about one percent. and this is what 30 percent would look like that the amount

but we're focusing on if it is possible to safeguard a full spectrum of marine life without disrupting fishing and commercial activities . now that 30 percent it was brought down from 15 percent. donna, do you think 30 percent? is that he's never enough? is it but is it okay? is it viable? is it possible at this stage of the game? i'm? i'm no technical expert on fisheries, and i, i can't really argue whether 30 percent of 35 percent or 25 percent. what is a good number for that important problem i'm trying to and i'm not against the treaty or treaties. wonderful happens and i hope that optimism is well placed and it does country my view is, for example, as it was just mentioned by one of the participants to give me after i'm not really interested remembering names that flag ships are in the country. the

flagship are responsible for the behavior of those vessels. now, the idea of us majority and i'm happy to be connected in time, misinformed and discuss. last majority of the high seas patient please. i'd actually like when i be the panama and the small countries out there, which are basically fact convenience. which basically means that there are videos not going to go up there and the police, a fishing trotter in the pacific and modified behavior. the other important point that has just been raised is that the law of the seas not subscribed to by the united states again. well didn't, is your answer of countries that have the capability to actually have high seas fishing, traumas, fishing, please. the countries that have d, c, mining may very well be a very minor part of the picture at the moment in the future. what happens? i don't know those that again, problems of these major countries. and i think that i can,

i can understand why colleagues are hesitant to name names or to focus on any one country or the other country. but that's not going to change the reality of the incredible power that a few countries have to create a problem. and then to control the problem. and without those, i mean, no one said that synagogue is a problem. no one said the south africa, the problem that i mean, what does that mean? what does it hi, see, there's a very small characters. and unless we focus on those, you know, bias declaration that belongs to on a 5. ok. i just wanted to jump in. just let me jump in. yeah, i was just going to say, yes, it is a small number of countries that are creating the problems. but it is more companies who are feeling the impacts and that is why we need these multilateral processes, is that helps those countries who might not have a diplomatic power as a single entity by creating these multi facilities that really deliver

a common good so well that might not be some individual countries creating problems on the united states. what is treating the countries like spain you have one of the largest high seas fishing fleets who have been lobbying the european union for a week, a position on issues they will be and they will fix the same goes for france. you also have a very large international unity. they will be bound by and so there are many countries that are active on the high seas who will be bound by this treaty and also huge trading blocks. europe and union can, in fact through trade agreements, keep other countries to the hands of these treaties to the rules of these treaties . so whether or not country rectifies it, there are so other mechanisms by which countries one things joining jump in as well . yes, there. thank you. thank you will without i think what, what we have to remember here. so this tree is not being negotiated in isolation.

there are pointed out there are other trees and lots of agreements that governments have signed onto because they have understood that we have a planet, but it's ailing. and we need to do something about the way we treat this planet. these are the sustainable development goals, for example. now this is not legally binding, but they are aspiration of the international community to make sure that all states either reduce the consumption because they consume too much or are able to partake in a sustainable development in, in, in that is sustainably getting the resources we have to our disposal without further, if they're seeing the marina marina and the natural environment launch, the thing we must remember that these commitments that these countries have also signed up to. and we have to hold them accountable, which is why we need to make sure i was saying that there's more political ways more political attention to the st. the at this time. just because they've got

a deadline at the end of this year to reach an agreement on this treaty, what happens if it's not reached? if it is not rich, they will have to, they will have to have another negotiation session. that is not, not an impossibility, but of course during this time the ocean is continues to deteriorate. so we do not want to see a whole slew of, of more sessions. and we would like them to conclude this treaty at this time. but if there are a few small issues still to resolve, then yes, another session might be needed. but i said, we can't wait for the ocean. can't wait. absolutely. ok. we will have to leave at the moment watching the next few days of convention very closely. indeed, thanks very much for taking the time to join us jessica, battle donahue and stuff, and well, mccallum and thank you to for watching. you can see the program again any time by

visiting our website this al jazeera dot com and have our discussion to go to our facebook page at facebook dot com forward slash ha, inside story. it was a join the conversation on twitter. we are at a j inside story. from me laura kyle: and the whole team here. ah. ah. with planes witness differences. change witness happiness with sunlight. witness to witness loss with charity. witness. witness clarity, witness, family, witness. friends. witness the beginning. witness and witness. life with we understand the

differences, americans have cultures across the world. so no matter how you take it out to 0, we're bringing the news and current affairs that matter to you. countess era. our reporters retreat in a brutal civil war. if a commodore hadn't been there, the israeli invasion would not have been so well reported. the commodore had become journalistic center. you could be in the safe enclave and then you went out into civil war. i started off leaving this while the grand suite at the commodore hotel . the next room i was in was underground in a tiny prison. so as a hostage, a route to commodore war hotels on al jazeera boats, janice and the police violently dispersing protest. this, these are some of good tens of thousands of people try to flee. gobble,

inspired to program, making welcome to generation chains, unrivalled with broadcasting. white people did not want black children in the schools. we have to fight forecasted and al jazeera english proud recipient of the new york festivals broadcast year of the year award for the 6 year running ah fears of violence and uncertainty in kenya of the william roo, toes declared the winner of a fort presidential election. i went to from it all the people. okay. whichever way they wanted but these would be the ok ah.