scientists here and ice and the pin nearing a new technique to reduce emission earth rise, looked at new ways of preventing air pollution. when i was 0. on the 5th of september, britain's conservative policy will lead to new leader to become the country's prime minister, a ro, likely to be defined by an unprecedented cost of living, crisis spiraling inflation and away the strikes across the country day without his error for the latest development on the you case, new prime minister. ah . me and i am nora carlin, doha. these other top stories on out of their rescue teams. i'm trying to reach trying to communities after floods, head part of pakistan. more than a 1000 people have died in less than 90 days, and up to a 3rd of the country is under water. famous ravi reports some southern send

province. the dams in pakistan's north are full. the flood gates are open. more water is headed down stream to low lands where rainfall has already submerged everything in sight. it is difficult to imagine where more water will go. army helicopters are dropping a stranded communities, small mercies from the air. the pale in comparison to the calamity across the country and beyond. the boat rescues are happening around the clock to evacuate people stranded by standing water where there are no boats. people are walking out wading through the water, carrying whatever they can. self rescue and sin is not for the faint of heart.

look on the you want to get them when you call good job. you know you we have nothing helped me help me now will die. look at this. there is nothing left to save and no one is coming to us. at night there are abandoned thrumming around here. hunger is making us crazy. what can we do? what was the fed up of sitting on the side of the road for more than 2 weeks? no help in sight. the residence of one village have taken matters into their own hands. what people here are telling us is that this is duckworth country. they're worried about thieves and what they're trying to do now is protect the few remaining possessions. they were able to salvage from their flooded homes. in the absence of anything else, people here are helping each other, get the safety. that's it, we're living now. we can do manual labor to save our children, or else they will die. what can we do? we are for our animals will die, our kids will die, then we will die. deep in the heart of sin,

the province in villages whose names won't show up on any maps. no helicopters are coming over the horizon. no boat motors can be heard in the distance signaling salvation. people here are tired of waiting for a savior. they are packing up and on the same bus robbie, olga 0, chicago district, sim packet, done the un nuclear watchdog sets of as it was app her each a nuclear power plant in ukraine, the director of the instructional atomic n g agencies as the team will arrive later this week, i think, near the plant has raised phase of radiation leak has been occupied by russia since the early days of the war. but still present to the cute as political rival of corruption during a televised debate had of elections in october, president jebel scenario called louis enough to fill the thief, or accused both scenarios of sprinting untruth. blaine, the incumbent leader of destroying brazil, achieve for purpose. you see pulse lynch. it is important for people to know. no

other president did more to investigate corruption than our governmental product. as your mother's was the future, there is no justification for this untruthful answer. you go to not. yes. your government was the most corrupt in the whole history of brazil, venezuela and columbia have restored diplomatic relations just days after the inauguration of columbia left when president gustavo petro. both government serv re appointed ambassadors columbia's previous government cut ties with venezuela on to prison. nicholas maduro was re elected in a disputed 2019. po. french police are investigating after football or pull pug birth. 3rd. unorganized. pull. gang tried to blackmail him. of his lawyers. they are going try to extort money from him. the allegations come after his brother, my tires, posted several videos online. he promised to publish what he called great revelations about his siblings. nasa has started fueling as alzheimer's rocket,

which is set to blast off to the moon and a few hours time. the launch will still mark the start of a program which could put astronauts on the lunar surface in 2025. the bottom line is next. ah hi, i'm steve clements and i have a question. this president joe biden have a strategy for the middle east, and if so, what is it? let's get to the bottom line. the joe biden made his 1st trip to the middle east visiting israel, saudi arabia, emmy, occupied palestinian territories for decades. the regions really been under firm american control, but more recently, china and russia had become more present and present throughout the region in many middle eastern in north african countries,

as america's own engagement seems to slowly fade. so what are the results of his 40 visit to the region and what can we expect on issues ranging from a deal with iran, nuclear weapons, to the prospects of a palestinian israeli piece deal today we're talking with steven cook, senior fellow at the council on foreign relations and author of both dawn protest, democracy and violence in the new middle east. stephen, it's great to be with you and i want to play for you a short sound by president biden on this trip. let's listen to the president. we will not walk away, leave a vacuum to refill by china. russia were we'll seek to bill on this moment with active principle, american leadership. and then at the, at the end of this, the president says, and the united states is not going anywhere. now typically when somebody is making a big declaration that they're not going anywhere, there usually means that there's fears that they are leaving. what, what's, what's going on with the u. s. in the, in the reach,

but foresaw thanks for having me. and i think that the, the biden administration really hasn't decided what it's pastor is in the middle east after now, 18 months in office. you'll recall that when biden 1st took the oath of office, there was lots of discussion including from senior members of his administration about de emphasizing the middle east secretary of state, tony blinking, talked about spending more time on other regions in the world, and that the middle east had taken up a lot of resources of the united states the previous 20 years. what they didn't anticipate, whereas that there were going to be geopolitical and domestic political shocks that were going to drive president biden back to the middle east. and his visit to saudi arabia, in particular, had everything to do with russia's invasion of ukraine and spike in oil prices. and thus the spike in gasoline prices for american consumers at the pump. first demonstration came in saying that the me that the middle east isn't so important. now it's saying it is important and we're going to stay. i think what the actors in

the region, the cut there is the saudis, the muradi is the israelis egyptians. they want more than just words. they want proof. they want actions at the united states actually is going to stay in is going to be an anchor of stability and security in the region right now as a result of the president's visit. they don't seem convinced. i think you and i have been at this now for decades. i've been reading reading, steven cooks books and council on foreign relations papers. a thank you wrangle and, and i think that this, the sense i have is that when america wanted to do something in the middle east, that, that the big anchor nations in that region largely fell into line to day. it feels as if you know, that, that whole kind of quid pro quo, even the transactions are up for grabs, that saudi arabia is looking as much to china and russia to hedge its bets against the united states. are the big stakeholder countries you've written about like egypt, like saudi arabia, the other, you know, the main weather vanes in the middle east looking at the u. s. as the great power

and the way they did 2 decades ago. definitely not. um lets keep in mind that between the defeat of saddam hussein's forces, after the invasion of kuwait in 191991. and then 6 months later, the fall of the soviet union up until very recently the united states was the only major external power in the middle east. it could drive events in the region, the saudis, the egyptians, even israelis didn't really have another option. suddenly, over the course of the last 5 years, you have a return of the russians to the region and you had increasing investment on the part of the chinese and increasing chinese presence in the region. way back in the 19 ninety's, the chinese were barely even present. now they are major, major actors in the region and the saudis, egyptians israelis, and moratti's, look at the chinese and say, hey, there's a lot of opportunity here. we're not entirely convinced that the united states is going to play that role. that it once did. and we want to have the russians and the

chinese at the table, so that as a result of the president's visit, the saudis didn't say okay, we're gonna open the spigot and let the oil flow. they said, look, we have an agreement with the russians through opec plus and market conditions will demand, how much oil we put on the market. that's very different from the kinds of things that we've seen from the saudis in the past. so it's a remarkable thing to think about russians in the region to think about russian troops in libya, russian advisors in egypt. and i knew that were always russian activities and syria . but there were sort of big limits to where they could go. what's russia's grand strategy in the middle east? well, russia is not necessarily interested in the middle east because of the middle east per say. what russian president vladimir putin is after is to weaken the united states in the west. and the middle east is adjacent to europe, and the united states has been the major actor in the region. so by intervening in syria and rescuing bashar assad,

he made an impression on other leaders in the region. in contrast to the way in which they viewed president obama's actions when there was an uprising in egypt in which after just a few days, the president nice. they started talking about america's 30 year ally in egypt about a transition from power for us, new mubarak, that difference whether days supported offset or not made an impression on the leaders in the major powers in the region that the russians were competent, non ideological, and making a play for leadership in the region that undoubtedly, undoubtedly those actions made the russians seem a more attractive option than the united states. and suddenly, the russians are selling more weaponry to the egyptians than they have since the early 19 seventies. this, saudis have struck a much better relationship with the russians ever since. ah, russia is there to stay and it is using its position not only to kind of elbow out

or out maneuver the united states, although the russians hardly have the same kind of powers united states, but also by its presence in north african civically in libya. it poses a threat to europe. it's able to sow distrust and concern and a division between european countries as well as between the united states and its european allies. you were one of the most, um i think pression, but also just just brilliant writers about the arab spring and egypt. what came out of on that movement? i'm just interested in what is the state of america's democracy efforts in the region? my sense is that a lot of people who stood up for their rights, their values to sort of change their course of their governments felt abandoned by the united states that we were good at, offering promises and, and ra, support about democracy. but at the end of the day, we're missing in action. tell me where i'm wrong. well, no,

we're not missing in action. i think that i'm a, the, the changes that had happened in the arab world were truly inspiring. but when the united states stepped up to help, there was only really so much that the united states could do. changing these societies, changing the political parameters in these countries, is really up to the people within these countries. as an i point out my book faust on those people who rose up toward demanding rights and democracy. they were up against very, very powerful forces who were determined not to allow them to succeed. was very little that the united states could do in order to prevent that from happening. all that being said, and ever since president trump came to office, the united states has evinced very, very little official interest in supporting those voices around the region that want to live in were democratic and open countries. president biden spoke very

forcefully about american values during his campaign in the early stages of his administration. but it's been mostly rhetorical. the administration has been precious little on the question, even just basic human rights. if you look at the repression that people are forced to endure around the region and how basically silent this administration has been, i think the calculation has been there's really no missing why so many people were frustrated with the saudi trip because it was very clear that president biden did not want to do a president, trump did, and make saudi arabia the, his 1st visit outside the country and to go and not address human rights issues. and so he ended up going with a lot of photoshop pictures of, you know, president biden sitting there with a gas can in hand. but, but when he brought up jamal car shoji and his murder as we know by agents of the saudi government and, and according to our ca, at the direct instruction of mohammad been some on been some on and others

basically said, hey, are you, you know, this this is, this is ridiculous, look at abu ghraib, look at your record in human rights in the region. and so where is that? is that visual which i mean, we used to talk about the importance of abu ghraib and how it was going to be a terrorism recruiter with your mind the american brand and credibility on these issues. is that still something in the minds of many in the arab world, that it doesn't give a standing to talk about human rights? we don't have a lot of standing to talk about him or it's not only because of our rib, but because of the questions we have here in the states. but the status of our own democracy in there's a sense that we need to get her to like january sick, january 6, toxicity in this country, proximity the polarization. the questions about the integrity of our elections are things that observers from other parts of world and in particular in the middle east, are watching and find it. a disturbing that the united states would lecture

them about human rights and democracy and change when united states hasn't gotten its own house in order that is really hampering our ability even if the administration was interested in this issue. but i will tell you that from the very beginning, president biden painted himself into a corner that was very hard for him to get out of because there was always going to be a time where he was going to need saudi arabia. and it was important for him to speak out about the murder of jamal shockey. but by saying i won't deal with how he'd been selma by saying we are not going to sell weapons to the saudis, no matter what, by basically closing off the avenues of dialogue with the saudis, we push the saudis away. and then at a moment of need, the saudis were able to make the president, i'd say, to look quite weak. and that he did look quite weak when he showed up in riyadh for those meetings with the crown prince and other saudi officials who didn't in the

end do what the president had wanted to do, take accountability for the rights record, pump more oil, and slowly move away from the russians and the chinese, none of those things have happened. i mean, it's remarkable in the strip that president biden's goal of lining up allies against the russian invasion of a sovereign nation at church when ukraine. he basically came back with nothing. i kept thinking, well, maybe it's going to come out and maybe in one or 2 weeks, so it doesn't look as reactive to president. right. but virtually nothing has happened in terms of whining that up has this got to be one of the most ineffective trips by us president to region, trying to get, you know, allies to support us? well, it does seem to be that it is all been one way that the united states has essentially compromised its principles. the united states who selling patriot missile batteries to the saudis, the saudis are not upholding their end of whatever deal that was struck in riyadh.

when it came time on august 3rd, where the opec plus meetings, saudis said we're going to release $100000.00 more barrels world, minuscule, minuscule. and now we'll see what happens in the, in the fall. but it does not seem that the saudis are willing to consider the president's position, but said diplomatically, well, look, this is a little bit of an unfair question, because you've already said there is no coherent biden's strategy toward the middle east. but if there were a coherent bite strategy toward the middle east, how important is the israel palestine to that? because israel palestine is a feature of the recent, like a raw of feet for the region. there are these issues the region. i can't tell. i mean that the senator biden, i knew the vice president biden, i knew would never think of not talking about occupied territories in settlements, but you didn't hear much of that when he went to israel. and so are we bypassing that or just putting on on hold to basically where would it fit if there was a,

you know, steven cook coherent strategy in the movies? where would israel palestine be? what, let's just start with the fact that the president goals in the middle east have been quite limited. get back into the joint comprehensive plan of action, the j super i the, the iran, there we go, which, which may happen and to get the saudis out of yemen. full stop. i think when it came to palestine in israel, the president did go to bethlehem. he did meet with mahmoud abbas, of course the timing was terrible since after the murder of awe of sharina black lay. your, your colleague right in the united states sort of weasely got out of saying, well, she was murdered by israeli fire, but it was unintentional. and that really satisfied, satisfied no one, i think when the president was the vice president, he oversaw negotiations between israelis and palestinians. and came to the conclusion, despite his long history of supporting in 2 states, was all though he's a long been a staunch supporter of israel. i think he came to the conclusion that these negotiations weren't going anywhere and that he didn't want to invest his efforts

in a 2 state solution given the, the myriad problems that he has on his plate. but of course, you know, there has been a lot of progress in israel and its neighbors over the course of the last 2 years. only want to ask you about that. the abraham quite in a while. what is i mean and you never hear the administration talk about the brand, right? except for the fact that you still have this central problem that is going to continue to be a source of instability. and so, so the source of importantly, societal opposition to these agreements between governments to normalize relations with israel. in the end, it may not matter, but at the same time, it doesn't help the region that this conflict remains unresolved. and in fact may be an resolvable at this point. so you can have a coherent middle you strategy and sort of contain the israel palestine dimension of it is what i'm hearing you say. well, that's what i think the trump administration believed. and i think by default, that's what the biden administration please. i think that i think that the 2nd

there's some exclusion of violence. and i don't mean a 4 day war between sidney and slamming jihad and the ide. yep. i mean, you know, suicidal unrest in the west bank in the gaza strip. people will start speaking differently about it. but until then i think people have convinced themselves that there can be a lot of progress in the region without really addressing the palestinian problem. don't touch me a minute about the abraham courts because i think for most people who aren't following this region every day, the abraham accords sound like this construct. they do the, you know, it's something it was planted. they don't know if there's any fruit from it. how's it going? who's in it? is it going to expand? have relations genuinely changed between say the u. e and israel are the saudi's gonna line up? tell, tell us a little bit about that world. let me just start by by way of anecdote. um, in march, i was in dubai in abu dhabi, and i could hear the sing song of hebrew. everywhere i turned weather is in the

hotel elevator in a mall or wherever i was going. i ran into his rallies in, in rome. i got on a plane, i got on an ale. all these really airline in dubai flew over saudi territory and landed in tell, did in my entire retirement decades. we both been dealing with these issues and i, i never thought that that would ever happen. it was rather, it was rather extraordinary. so there has been progress on there's a lot of tours and it's mostly in one direction. there's been a lot of link ups of business concerns, a lot of security cooperation, which was already happening before the abraham accords. the indian government now once in, on the abraham, of course. so there has been progress on the question is, will it go beyond the current signatories will go beyond the u. e. bahrain and rock . i don't even put sudan really in that category, given the, the instability in sudan and not really knowing what's going on there. and the big issue is, what are the saudis going to do now they took

a modest step when the president was, was in reality, they are going to allow israeli airliners traveling east to india to asia. aah! to traverse saudi aerospace. but it strikes me that with all of the kind of speculation about the saudis being next, it's a much different context for the saudis to normalize relations with the israelis without a file resolution to the palestinian problem than it is for, for example, of power bahrain use or the amana, i hate to be sectarian because it's not in my nature. but is this becoming a sunni league of interest with israel versus shia? standouts is, is this another proxy for the iran saudi conflict, which is also an iran western conflict and would just love to know from you as we sit what i think is on the precipice of a possible return to the j. c. p. o. at least that's the way things are looking right now. how does that either stir things up more or actually begin to

a different track for stabilizing? what i do, i do think it's, you know, you, you do hate to be sectarian because you don't want to reduce signings to, you know, penalty nellums is there that there's definitely an element there. look what initially drove saudi immorality by rainy israeli relations that have been under the table on the security front, you know, in some dark room in a basement in a man was the thread of iran that they all proceed. and importantly, going back to what we were previously talking about, the sense that the united states was not committed to their security and stability, particularly with regard to iran, that the united states was off on this idea that you could have a nuclear deal with the iranians and this would begin a process of the iranians coming into the region and sharing the region in terms of they were responding really to lot of that kind of thinking. but of course, there are a lot of other air seats or sunni majority. i would say to you are opposed to the abraham accords because of the palestinian issue. who's going to win out here?

are the benefits of normalization without settling palestinian conflict? are they going to outweigh the opposition to it or the other way around. so for the saudis are making it clear that those benefits will not outweigh the importance of the palestinian issue, at least for saudi arabia. i know many people consult with you where, what is the state of the j. c. p. o, a. and i guess the obvious question is, you know, one of the iranian concerns which they publicly expressed is how do we have any, you know, understanding of solvency of this. if you bring in one president who wants it, the next president comes in and says dismantle it. because i mean, the truth be told the parties that did not live up to the agreement with the united states, not the iranian. that's right. we all know that we violated the deal that we did with them, not the iranians. and it's only so in that, in that case, how do you put that back together in any way that will survive 2024 and whoever comes out the other? well, that's right. and, you know,

the iranians are not alone in this. if you talk to the saudis, you talk to him, radi, stock, israel, he's dr. gibbons, they're very, very concerned about these 180 degree swings in american foreign policy. is it the j. c. p. o, a. is it not the juicy pa are we important? are we not important is oil important is all not important. i think when it comes though, specifically to the jcp, 1st of all, let me just put out on the table. i am getting very tired of trying to spitball this, you know, those you know, really aren't talking. right. i think what we know is that the state department has said we're close, but there are a lot of hang ups that continue. and one of them is what you point out is that the iranians need some assurance that we've made repeatedly to all what i get in and briefly deal. once again, let me ask you finally about china and china's grand strategy in the region. china seems to be in every region the world it seems to with belt and road initiative. but, you know, debt relations, you know, debt deals, it, it has around the world. china seems to be present in the way the united states used to be present around the world in the 1950s. so as you've kind of dealt with

these various countries, this is china a as big a factor as i sort of feel it is. well, it's certainly the single largest investor in the region, but that doesn't the middle east unique. it's the single largest investor in almost every other region of the world with perhaps the exception of north america, but even could be, ah, it's significant in north america as well. i think, you know, we're talking ourselves into a sort of cold war. 2 point. oh, you're here in washington. i'm here in washington. a lot of discourse about the chinese threat. i don't actually see it so much in the middle east. yes. the chinese are investing, they want relations, but they don't want to get wrapped around the axle in the way that the united states has in the politics and. 3 security of the region, they want to benefit from the security that the united states provides, and they can have relations with all the important countries of the region to serve their interests. so yes, china is a rising power with a lot of ambition, but in the middle east, as of yet, they're not seeking to challenge us position. they're seeking to extract from the

region what they can to pursue their economic goals, which is the continued rise of china throughout this century. steven cook, senior fellow for the middle east in north africa, counts on foreign relations. thanks so much for being with us today. it's a great pleasure to be with you soon. so what's the bottom line? the middle east is full of both promise and of danger. the legacy of colonialism, superpower, proxy wars, and rivalries between leaders make the region one that struggles with its place in the world. for things to change, we need to see things like the palestine, israel stand off being resolve or relations with iran, normalizing with the rest of the world. but neither of those things have happened for decades. how would we actually know if there's progress when social and political visionaries in the middle east rise and rebuff? russia, china, and the u. s. at their efforts in control and show that there's a better way forward for their citizens. then we'd know that's not to say that the great powers won't be around. they will be in both the u. s. and china both have a lot to offer. but as long as these power see the region only through

a military sales lens, or is a security threat or the gas station, and not for their people, their talent and the consequence of the region beyond oil and weapons, they're going to get it wrong. and there are strategies for the middle east like that of the united states, the day are gonna fail. and that's the bottom line. ah, the impression of an ethnic minority and man, mom goes back many days. the intention was to make sure that bro henders were no longer entitled to either a basic bright, or citizenship right. al jazeera explores the history and motives behind the systematic persecution after a him and me and my exiled on out his era.

the great thing about being amused presenter than at 4 o'clock on which is 0 is that it's a truly global operation. if you want child to 0, you're seen news from parts of the world, but other networks just don't cover. you're getting a truly global perspective. we have an extensive network of bureaus around the world. we have many, many colors, phone books in all corners of the globe. if you really want to know what's happening in the world right now, you need to be watching al jazeera. ah hello, i'm laura carlindo while you're watching al jazeera, these are all top stories relief teams are trying to reach stranded communities, often massive flooding and pakistan. at least a 1000 people have been killed since may june 33000000 p.