this is population is largely black of quarter live in poverty, is one of many us city, suffering water supply problems. and until it can restore its water treatment plant and feel its aging pipes residence will have to make do with boiled water, bottled water and plenty of patients. john henderson, al jazeera, last known member of an isolated tribe, and brazil's amazon rain forests has died from what's believe to be natural causes . a man had lifted a isolation for more than 20 years off. the rest of his community was killed by a legal logos miners, and farmers was found dead and a hammock inside his heart by officials had been tracking his movements for years. ah, this is al jazeera, these are top stories mikhail gorbachev. the loss leader of the soviet union has

dies at the age of 90. 1 over 12 presided over the end of the cold war on the lifting of eastern europe. i'm carson, but he failed to prevent the collapse of the ussr out there as rob reynolds has interviewed mikhail gorbachev. here came mikhail gorbachev. a member of a new generation, a not of the old communists who had lived and worked under stalin, but of a different generation. warburg technocrat, more of a man with ideas and he did have ideas about how to change the soviet union, how to allow it was to develop and survive, glass nosed openness in english, perestroika that means restructuring, glass nosed, gave russian, and other peoples living in at that time the soviet union, the opportunity to speak out are to, to, to talk about their society to talk about their leaders to examine. and this is,

i think it's very important. the history of the soviet union, the horrors that the people endured under stalin under lenin events actually general as appealing for $160000000.00 an emergency aid to help more than $43000000.00 people in pakistan affected by massive floods. antonio terrace says he'll visit next week and team from the united nations nuclear watch. so the i. e, a is on his way, says oper each a nuclear power plant off to meeting the ukranian president for them is zalinski and keith, ukraine, and russia have accused each other of shelling around the facility, which was briefly knocked offline last week. italy's prime minister, iraq's prime minister says ale quiz if the political crisis in his country continues stuff i'll had he me adjust the nation off to supporters of iraq's power for shortly the mc. todd outsider withdrew from baghdad heavily fortified queens

and the capital of the us state of mississippi has been left without safe running water authorities. in jackson se pumps at the main water treatment plants have failed because of complications from flooding. those are your headlines. we back with more news after the stream stay with us. we understand the differences of cultures across the world. so no matter how you take it out, 0 will bring you the news and current affairs that matter to you out, is there a ah, i asked i me okay, thanks for watching the stream around the world. new outbreaks of the polio virus, the city, back decades of action and efforts to try and eradicate the disease. so in this

show, we're going to do a copper thanks. it will be part history. part, explain as to why the polio virus is making a comeback. and also a q and a thank you to ask our experts anything you need to know about how you at the commit sexual youtube is lives. i need that for you. we start in 1956 parents live in fear of polio, sudden attack. and the tragic aftermath, thousands upon thousands of children and adults fell prey to the crippler. march of dimes bunch were needed everywhere, needed desperately by patient needed by an army of scientists to search for a preventive. then in 1954, a vaccine to prevent paralytic polio, developed by doctor john assault. a grantee of the national foundation was tested in the largest field trials and medical history. so that's how the push to prevent polio started. but how is he going?

joining our conversation today, doctor had it was dull to write. so good to have. all 3 of you with us don't have it. will you introduce yourself to our global audience and explain your connection to pelias? so i'm, i'm a job city and i'm the director of education at the w. a jo, entrance regional office for the eastern mediterranean region. and this region includes $22.00 countries, including the last 2 countries that remained demik provide for us. i've been doing it education work for nearly petty edge and i'm delighted to be on this panel. rose and was all right. you said you're welcome. hello. was good to have you please read energy south to our view is and tell them what your connection is to police as well. i'm my west president

network in manitoba and i have a personal connection to polio. i survive to work with them prior to the back to being available. and throughout my life i learned to overcome certain parts of the process. and in the last 40 years, i guess both polio syndrome has taken over and return money paralysis to where it was out there. i contracted the virus at the to 30 my while to be here today. we're so really important to get it out. yeah, absolutely right. we're happy to have you and doctor rice get to see you. please introduce yourself to audience. tell them who you are and your connection to please . thank you. i am professor rose from i'm a cameron in which i've been chair of the african regional certification

commission for polio. right. and then i'm also one of the 6 members of the globe certification commission. good to have all 3 of you, so much expertise as you're new to right now, put your questions in the comment section. immediately, i've got time to ask all of our 3, get your questions or i don't know how many. this is the easiest question you're ever going to get in your life. i'm sure you've answered it many times. what exactly is paul? you so a polio my like this is a disease. where will you live with attacks? the neurons that are responsible for movement of muscles when your virus infection goes, most people don't have any, any symptoms. there is about one in 200 to one in

a 1000 people who once they get infected, do actually develop but alice's, but once the but alas, it is said, it is lifelong. but alas of the vidas is transmitted through rules, contact the main root of transmission is what we call fecal photo. afraid people contamination of hand and other items and sometimes water that can lead to transmission of lightest. occasionally, it can also be transmitted through respiratory secretions, but in most developing countries or transmission. dr. how may help you achieve dollar wants to ask way if polio coming from these outbreaks that are now spreading around the world. why is that happening? so i think 1st i wanted to clarify that with you is not coming back. in fact, over the last 30 years, that has tremendous progress globally. dr. lee k.

2 years ago, certified the entire african region as feel viable you i this it only 2 countries that remain endemic for right, well you're right us and that is august and i've got some so there's been 99.9 percent reduction in your state education program. started so the progress is quite, quite remarkable and we are actually getting close. what we are seeing is some spread of what we call the vaccine. did i got a vac seen variant polio virus that has caused outbreaks in barks of africa and and, and in the middle east. will you explain that? because that being quite confusing globally as people are showing information and then misinformation well like, oh, well this kind of talia, this is come from the vaccine. can you explain just very briefly what vaccine

derive polio is? so you know, the, what you're seeing on the screen right now of these polio drops that are being administered. this is the oral polio vaccine. and this vaccine is made up of live vitus, which is weakened so that we can reduce immunity but not produced. but alice is in children who receive it from this vaccine is most effective when it is used in a way, when you can achieve high levels of vaccination rates and coverage in settings where most of the children are immunized. occasionally, what can happen is that this weekend, bite us, which is also in the initial weeks after vaccination, is expected in the stool of children. this virus gets transmitted to other children right now in most situations. they paid out and then if you're not vaccinated,

other children also acceptable to it. okay. good. now if most of the children in that community direction aided, then i still don't. yes, no. because i was problem of exactly that. but if most of the children i don't vaccinated, this virus can start to circulate and mutate to start to behave like the naturally occurring wireless. that's why we call it the vaccine. the interaction that i'd rather you die to get and go ahead. no, i was just going to thank you for having me on the part and i was just like i made has been saying partners in education initiative have really put in a lot also with the in the community countries come in, it is to get to call you down to a level where, like you just said, we certified the african region free of indigenous wired polio virus virus

2020. and that was in 2020 right. and true. we've had now some wild polio viruses circulating in malawi, and then in muslim big i have been, i was why, sorry. why? yes. why does that genet this the call? because they've been genetically linked to viruses that was circulating in fact and then showing till 1019. so this is an important patient in the african region in from a law. we must be called well so rose, you know what that? so to me, if you don't get rid of all virus is like for them, you don't ready kate, him. it's not gone. you're not safe. wherever you are. if you thinking your complaisant, you know, being complacent, it can pop up a nice way. so that's why it's in one place. you know,

i need, you know, you can still get it anyway. that's what the world, the real i don't, i always, we've learned that. well, we haven't left them. but we know we know what the lesson should be that we should be learning. i mean, the last 2 years, all right. ways on youtube, lots of people are thinking back and remembering people in that family who had polio, for instance, i've got shot. see here, says howdy. my grandmother had polio made many things difficult for her. she was very small, had a hunchback and had limited use of her left. however, she didn't let it slow her down. i feel like she sees grandma probably kind of reflect how you approached your polio disease and how you handle it. as a youngster, you were really kind and sent us a couple of pictures. so we're going to start with usually, oh, baby, 13 months old. and then tell us what your 1st memory of having polio was. my 1st memory or 3rd one. i was learning to walk with 2 braces that were

joined, a grind as i had paralysis below the waist. and as you can see in this that your now my left leg recovered to a certain point. and i was able to use it to learn a water ski. right. and you know how my wife raised to guess that in my late twenty's it started through the process, started to return. and now i spend all of my electric wheelchair with even with my arms and trying to do anything. well, as a result of what my concern. yeah. so i was wondering, does it hurt? does it hurt? yeah. when the polio lay, there is no need but muscle assert, joy insert, and crushing for my life almost daily. if i overdue things,

literally cannot function and can't move, sorry after us. so you are listening to dr. rose and how they talking about polio in 2022 and vaccine derived polio. and you, one of, i would say, one of the last few people in the develop welsh, who had a nice living with it right now. what do you make of resurfacing as vaccine the rise polio? what she take? well, my concern is that their particular term will be used to misinform young parents and them avoid the facts. and it's not the vacuum. it's actually giving the polio. it's the new taishan that's occurring as the transfers because of that, it can contract polio show no symptoms whatsoever,

and they can spread it for several weeks. and this is the virus attempts to mutate and infect on back needed people. and that's my concern. polio is a plane right away from any country in the world, and it's been my concern for several years. so, you know, this is absolutely what we're just saying. and 1st of all, i want to really tank was for the courage with which he has lived. his life and how he is really concerned about the safety and protection of others. and how use champion a vaccination, particularly vaccination, to protect everybody against against polio. and i think this is what professor rose leak. it just said about right as being exploited from pakistan and going to countries of southern africa. and this detection of this is in the

environmental samples we've seen in london. and then a case in new york and subsequent detection of these vaccine very and dried us is in environmental samples in the, in, in new york. also, all of that tells us, is that the, the vidas, as long as it is surviving, it will travel with the bulb and it will, in fact, doors who are unvaccinated, and most of the world has worked very hard to get rid of those children who are now, getting polio live in the some of the most difficult and complex settings. we have been in conflict. that is why it's hard to reach them. they can't reach health systems. but it is also surprising that when you see these by those that be in london and in and in new york, that communities that have really access to change who should be getting the children vaccinated are not doing that. then the vital stuff. how may i always find those communities? how may i'm just looking here?

this is something that was shared on a tweet. there was some misinformation on the tweets. i'm not going to share that, but here the, the n h s, the national health service in the u. k is inviting children one tonight in your power to receive a vaccine against polio. for some children, this will be an additional base to dos if they already up to date with a routine vaccinations. and so connected to this very standard immunization information was some doubt about whether the polio vaccine actually work if it's healthy for kids. when do you see that kind of misinformation ways? what is your reaction? how do you deal with it? this is why because when i want to, i want somebody who is a regular but special person to talk to other regular sexual people don't have any . you can see this is what our go for. it might concern me because the whole thing is 99 percent effective. you know, really concerns me that you're in cobit,

a lot of parents weren't able to get the kids into a clinic in order to get a normal childhood vaccinations and people are misinforming them about the impact of vaccinations. the tv which isn't jermel has no transmission possible from the vaccination that so if you live in the developed. ready world, that's what you're going to get. you're going to get an injection and you're not going to get the oral back to me, it's important that you get out there and get your kid. so up to date, follow vaccine, required 3 doses in the early childhood. and the booster dose before you say, well, if you took your filter off, you were really kind data and you just said what you want to say to the public who is worried right now about maybe not immunizing their kids not getting a polio vaccine know filter what would you say boils for light and

until co, nobody's talk about polio. my doctors weren't aware of what was the medical school in the back has been saw in the countries in the western world that were fully vaccinated. you didn't know one of my expertise, the younger survivors, 607080 and i'm just a kid in their group and i don't want to see it again. i need the moms and dad to go out there, get your kid vaccinated oil, or like that, noting westgate without just nodding. or i'm going to bring in a new voice into our conversation. this is from daniel pasadena, who's a medical doctor associate professor at the university club, colorado, school of medicine. the we have a conundrum. we have an issue right now. how do we solve it? this is what daniel told us earlier. to rear its ugly, had any right circumstances, namely will vaccination rates. we have to great types of vaccine world when he

activated vaccine that are over 99 percent effective and preventing parallel polio . and i think the big point here is if you are and vaccinated against polio virus, employee viruses circle in the community, you are at risk for developing parents. so please, the number one way to prevent paralytic polio. and the spread of it is to get actually needed. so yes, in them for most of the well yes, that's absolutely true. and you to let me give you this question, dr. ros. this is an app share. how reliable is the polio vaccine for children? short answer. dr. rice. yeah. so before i get to that, i just like to say to west batch. i see him and i remember the paul, the survivor that we have in africa. i met, you know, the niger, i know the area so it just being the kind of work he's doing and i really commend that. so that back since we have, you know, we same we,

we use the try, you know what it's one type. so 123, and we use that on till the to call the police type to, but to say i region thing with done with the indigenous while, while you're virus, you know the vaccination was mainly now we switch now moving on to the more. but now with the outbreaks that we have, we see the pd's when now really using the nobel opi till that has been used a lot in the african and the african continent for these outbreak. well, the, the, the, the, the tools and the real world, i don't understand what that means. can you talk to me as if i'm a 5 year old about to get an immunization for polio? can you explain that to me very briefly, but more straightforward and leave place. all right, let me get down. yeah. that because you have this outbreak now see needed p,

the tools there were trying work, the wall, the yoke, the mom of valid. but research brought another molecule which is the n o. easy hill. dr. rose, i failed. i'm failing a immunization school. i'm a rose rosie saying it's slower and i'm not understanding it any better. but dr. ross, thank you. all right, got it all toys. thank you. i'm gonna move on because i don't think i'm going to get it for the entirety of this show, but don't to race. thank you so much. i, i want to move on because i want to show something dr. hamid that you have on your twitter feed. and i love this because we've been talking about how easily it is to be immunized against polio. how to stop politic polio from happening. but it depends where you live. so i love that you shared this polio teams way through

water to reach children, the life saving vaccine. incredible level of perseverance, always in sup, inspiring. the reason why this is important, because if we have polio virus anywhere, we really have it potentially everywhere. how are the eradication efforts growing if it's been so easy for polio to spread, seemingly? so what have we been doing for the last 60 years? well, you know, the, as i said, that when you order into national, really organized everybody including the current global partners in education, w, h o u and us cdc to international charles b. and you know, so they organized and mobilized the whole world today to get for you at that time. $120.00 countries reporting an estimated $350000.00 issues of ballot,

polio around the world. that's like a 1000 children getting better lighted every day. we have now come so far that only 2 countries are left and this year, so far, only 16 cases of and the midwife will you let us have a good all within a, in a radius of about 16 kilometers in a very focal outbreak. in, in pakistan, so both parties sign and i've done some have made very, very strong progress in the last 2 years. and they are very close to stopping a viable use this as well. obviously the situation is very complex and those in the, in the bordering areas are 5 just kind of time. there is insecurity, that is mistrust of vaccine. there's all kinds of rumors around the vaccine, constipated kidneys and all of that. but it's very,

very important that out of front line workers succeed and you saw some of those. oh my goodness, friends like what is that? it's like i never gave up. it doesn't matter how hard it is, you're never going to give up trying to deliver that vaccine. does that mean we have so many questions? i'm going to ask you to do the impossible take 30 seconds to arts or 2 questions that i want to share with you 30 seconds so we can get them in. candy says i really nervous because i live in an area of new york where the last measles outbreak was president. should can be be nervous, talk to him it. she should be nervous if she is she has children who had i'm back to age or if she herself is not back to needed. so. but if she has children who are fully vaccinated, she has had a family member or fully vaccinated then the risk of but alice is extremely low, almost 0. is the polio vaccine boost. i need it if you've already had polio before,

excuse me. we've already had the vac seen before if you had the vaccine before, but if it has been more than you know, several years since you had your last a polio vaccine those. and if you're in an area where would you like to circulation? it is very important to get into the booster those. that's why you saw the message from the inner jeff and you ok. i thank you so much so much to ask about so much. we've lost some of our knowledge about polio because polio has been writing created in so many places, but not entirely in the world. i'm going to get the last sentence 2 ways. was how you doing today? what fly flight for you. life is good. today. i had a great sleep last night. i took a lot of effects to eat killers, and so i had a fairly restful sleep, which doesn't happen very often because of the amount of different teams. i get muscles in joint. and i would like to say also that or, or,

and also out there that are wondering if you make your boss one get a tighter test or darker. i get advice and somebody who says i polio and he's living with polio symptoms now. thank you. west. thank you, dr. ro road. thank you. got the hammered. thank you for your many many questions we've taken potting today. show us the next time. take care buddy. ah for half a century indigo, die is old by movable. what kind of stone? what are the last ticket? yeah, and others in northern nigeria have watched helplessly as a business struggle and being cups disappointed. growth making technology has changed over time. but look at this di pete's yeah. income and expos say that's met some of the products uncompetitive. the dumping of chemically treated fabrics. yeah

. like in most african markets is a major source of concern for local producers. there is widespread consent here, but so even the few kits that are made also have to close bringing an end to more than 500 years. history drank assessment. how much support is there that st. protests that we've seen in hotel across the rest of the country. the street has been, has been very good at tapping into the core consent people across the country, informed opinions. we will say more of it. and what is happening is that climate change it making them work in depth analysis of the days global headlines draw. he is credited by some way where they were storing italy's credibility this critics would say he couldn't play the part of a politician. what do you think went wrong inside story on al jazeera, in the year, 1271 and the young italian let out on an extraordinary journey. carrying letters from the pope for the great kibbler. com, marco polo travel through water legions,

following dangerous roads from the holy land and beyond. today, taking the shuttle professor shout has travelled from china to venice with surging questions of how the relationship between east and west as j. o marco polo on al jazeera. ah, which is great with me. oh i the last president of the soviet union mikhail gorbachev dies at the age of 91 hailed and the west blamed in russia. gorbachev help.