lucretia in this situation, which follows the establishment of the commonwealth of independent states. i hear by cease to act as the president of the soviet, you know, you. so you did most not was not present info. it's a subtle a would it the nobel peace prize in 1990 gorbachev remained in the public eye watching democratic progress erode relations with the west deteriorate? well right now, the present russians are. i'd be more booty in trying with military force to rebuild the soviet union, to reintegrate through forceful means, kind of undo the gorbachev legacy, michigan. i talked the united nations secretary general and who knew the terror says the world's most, the towering global leader russian president vladimir putin has expressed his deepest condolences. who mitchell, with his famous crimson birthmark, was one of the most recognizable figures of 20th century politics. and one of its

most influential ah ha, again, i'm fully battle with the headlines on al jazeera investigators from the u and nuclear watchdog are in the ukranian city of zapper asia to inspect your abs, largest nuclear power plant. ukraine and russia have accused each other shelling around the nuclear facility, raising fears of a possible radiation disaster. but the mission of a few days, we are able to establish a permanent residence, residence better. then it's going to be problems. but these 1st segment is going to take a few days or less. you know, this is part of the ukraine. currently located by forces is clear for us. this is

a great feeling. we are here are, are, are already legal competence here. clearly established by the said guys, agreement rehab with that ukraine. european union, foreign ministers of agreed to suspend the visa dia with russia. the decision will make it harder and more expensive for russian citizens to enter the block back. his funds army is on high alert for more floods in the south of the country. the industry has been swelling for weeks threatening another wave of flooding. meanwhile, ami helicopters have arrived in areas that have been cut off for days. in saigon, a protester has been killed rafter being hit by tear gas canister and run over by security forces. this happened during a demonstration in a capital cartoon protest says we're marching against last year's military coup,

demanding every turn to full civilian and military power for my transitional, civilian led government last year. since then, anti military protest been held in several cities nearly every year. you're up to date with headlines on al jazeera. i'll be back with the algae here and use our right after inside story to stay with this. ah, there is nothing that can be done to stop dramatic c let light. that's the warning from scientists studying the melting and greenland ice sheet last year was record breaking for natural disasters. so what does this all mean for attempts to deal with climate change?

this is insights door. ah hello, welcome to the program. i'm nick clock. major sea level rise is, are now inevitable, even if we stop burning fossil fuels. today, that is the assessment of scientists studying the greenland ice sheet in the arctic . it's glass is melting much faster than predicted. researches say the best case scenario as a rise of 27 centimeters, but global sea levels could go up by 78. and this is likely to happen by the end of the century. ocean scientists, david holland says this means natural disasters that are already more frequent will become more destructive. it's particularly associated with extreme events, like storms and king tides. if you have a background sea level rising of about

a foot, and then you have a large tide and then you have a storm. well then you have something like hurricane sandy that we went through in new york. so believe that will become more frequent current around the planet, we're raising the background. and that's, we're actually making not other natural events more severe. this is if you will, a baked in or committed fact the carbon dioxide in the air around us now is going to be her a long time. and so the warming is committed and the reorganization of the ice sheet of greenland is, is already there. we shouldn't be perhaps more concern with what's possibly going to happen in the south in antarctica. there, the stakes are enormous. we're talking about a change that could be many meters. well, a major concern for climate scientists is the global temperature increase in 2015, of course, wildly to strike a deal in paris, agreeing to limit warming to no more than 2 degrees celsius for you and x. but say,

even this level could reshape coastlines, in effect, 1300000000 people is how warmer oceans will begin to melt i sheets, in greenland, and antarctica. the melt water flows into the sea, causing levels to rise. new york city is prone to flooding. 1.6000000 people could be effected, moved by, has twice its population. its people face threats of monsoons. fueled by a warming indian ocean. london relies on the thames barrier to protect it from flooding. but climate change could pose a greater risk of storm searches. and africa's biggest city lagos is vulnerable to rising sea levels, and that is a risk for 2200000 people. it's not any reservations that are creating chaos un says last year. so reco breaking dissolved as they included wildfires, heat, ways, floods and droughts. many could have been avoided or had the impacts reduced according to a new report. during 2021 and 22 disasters to the lives of about $10000.00 people

in cost will be $280000000000.00 in damage worldwide. the u. n. been looking at how the effects of extreme weather events can be reduced, studied 10 emergencies from earthquakes to droughts, floods, and wildfires. and it said the causes of disasters needs to be identified, such as the rosen, the can lead to landslides. the scene in haiti and sandstorms and madagascar, and the report suggests better warning systems could reduce death during a heat wave in canada and flooding in lagos. in nigeria, it says needs to be more focus on designing and implementing sustainable solutions . ok. alright, let's bring in august then evanston, illinois is our expertise, climate scientists and associate professor of planetary sciences at northwestern university. a yard focuses on greenland climate history in the barn as everybody lead or through the interconnected disaster risks report. we're just talking about

and deputy director of the un at universities institute for environment and human security. add in new castle is sharon georgia, senior electra and environment and sustainability at kill university in the u. k. sharon specializes on the development of low carbon technology. welcome to you all . great to have you here with us. plenty to go out. so of course, let's start with this troubling news from greenland. your expert, you know, all too well what's happening with the green and by she did tell us what this research means. in layman's terms, climate scientists have known for a long time and been concerned for a long time that the i sheets in greenland and arctic are so huge and so complex that they kind of can't keep up with the piece of climate change that humans have caused in recent decades and so there is a sort of lag in response to human caused warming

a bit. like if you put you take ice cubes out of the freezer and put them on the kitchen counter in a warm room. they don't melts immediately, but you know that those ice cubes are doomed. if you leave them sitting out in that new climate that you forced on them. portions of our i sheets are doomed in that same way. but one of the really big uncertainties in climate science has long been and still is to how much and how fast other ice sheets will respond to climate change. so this study takes one bite out of that problem by trying to quantify that committed loss of ice for the 1st time. as far as i know of the point to say that even if we ended carbon emissions. now this, this level rise is locked in. that's right, so this study tries to quantify that kind of best case scenario, where if we stopped him in greenhouse gases today and stabilized climate where it

is today, how much ice would we still lose in the future with no continued additional warming . and the numbers are pretty devastating. they really shines a light on how much damage we've already done to the climate system. the study finds that we've sort of baked in or committed to the loss of about 3 percent of the greenland. i she, that's 110 trillion metric tons of ice. if i've done my math right, that's about 14000 metric tons for every person on earth. right? and 3 percent of the green ally sheet that equates to and this is the best case scenario, a z to everybody that equates is $27.00 centimeters of sea level rise, which does not sound much, but even those impacts could be devastating. it's right, isn't it? yes sir, i think if you're looking into the low lying cost and, and into planning processes. so how do we protect populations?

but though, so it was system. how do we use the risk? then we need to consider defense levels of sea level of eyes in our planning process. so the best case scenario, that's the minimum and this is something we can plan of it for sure. but we also need to consider the high end scenarios because whenever you are planning with critical infrastructure such as cost bit was higher boars, but there was so large cities like like new york or lag was in an idea. you really need to also know what would be the worst scenario and how to prepare for that. and many times when you, when you hear these calculations, how many people will be affected? that's often time done without quincy, that in our reactions. but our reactions and disaster this could actually measure as much important as mean lowest level eyes is in order to, to deal with the issue. so there's a lot that we can do as

a society. and we also have to do because there is a commitment to sea level. i spot the fits we cons chains, but we also need to prepare for even worse can, will come on that will come on to that shortly. sharon, 1st of all, when we consider the the highest scenario, what we have to remember is all we're talking about here at the moment is the arctic. but if you factor in what could happen and is happening in and talk to care in the collapse of ice sheets there, and then you have a real problem. yes. that, that, that affects his rickly now. so when we, but this is impacting sea level, we got the same, but you know, want to kind of both live in the low left, around the glade, live in the low line area. you know, most usage of our largest cities are low line areas. so this is impacted not only 3 flooding, so you know, think about people where they got away, you see levels that, you know, he got storm surge and not damages was you impacting people's livelihoods around

a lie. now you say, wait, what we're saying. challenges around ones that being a be coming say, all right, we're having problems when people are just struggling to stay where they are. so this is dr. aid in direct impact, flight human migration, and then co cobra with the challenges the climate change bring in. and now ability could you food with we see this on this awful situation unfolding before our eyes. ensuring when you talk about human migration is not the kind of migration necessary that we're seeing right now across borders. we're talking about human migration within nations. are you away from the coastline? oh, yeah, absolutely. so when we're talking about these, many people went away from where they lived, they've worked, they've had a lively quote and they've been able to support themselves and their families. when that becomes on economic o. what was see, there's a huge sways of the population parade. for instance, you know,

i was born with people migrate the mag safety. there's already class to take. and that, that's a, you know, double army that because that 60 is on the crashing from day. so, you know, we've got we, we have these impacts where people are being forced to move when we haven't got the infrastructure to support them on the situations where the, even just to exist without this migration because of climate change is more difficult already. so the hallways crashes on, on the copulation globally. right. and this is change significant money. not actually that there's no precise timeline here. but what with the proposal is i think talking about this kind of effect, the best case scenario 27, send to me to rise from greenland alone will happen. is likely to happen this

century. and that really is not far away. is it? that seems to be the author's best guess about timeline, but that's not something that's rigorously evaluated in this particular study which, which distinguishes it from some other work. you know, the ip u. c. c. reports. most recently, in 2021 have projected something like a half a meter to a meter of sea level rise within the coming century. that's a larger number because it includes contributions from an article which you just mentioned and from the many smaller glaciers that are scattered around the planet, as well as a warming of ocean water, which expense it and contributes to sea level rise. so that's why it's a larger number this century is, is here. now, you know it, my son will live to experience a lot of this. what we're talking about today. it's a clear and present danger, isn't it? the thing is that the i was gonna ask about the pc and the difference in these

figures because it's, this is an issue, isn't it is hard for the public to take. and one moment they'll hear it's bad news . the next moment here it was us, you know, how, how does the layman get a grip on, on what's going on and to be aware and to be concerned about what's happening because actually, it's so confusing that people just don't register. yeah, that's, that's a fair response. between the way that science works on the way we are constantly refining things and looking at things in different angles. and the way that that these complex pieces of science and reported in the news media does feel like a lot of back and forth. and waffling about what's going on. but the reality is that we have known for a very long time that a warming world will be a world with rising sea levels and with a lot of loss of ice from the sheets. and perhaps the most important thing for people to understand is that every impact of climate change, whether it's physical,

ice loss from an ice sheet, or we're talking about impacts on humans or ecosystems scales with the amount of warming. so we can quibble about, you know, scientists can quibble about exactly how much wass, of ice were already committed to. and i think that's an important question to try to tackle. but the really important thing to keep in mind is that the more the planet warm, the bigger these impacts are going to be. so 0 coming out of the un report, clearly doing nothing is not an option. majority this ongoing list of climate is us, as we say right now, pakistan floods is a key case in point, but we can mitigate these disasters as laid out in your report. so just tell us a little bit about that and what the potential solutions are. some, most importantly, we say that there are no natural disaster, because then that should or has less and for example,

sea level eyes is driving those natural hazards like flooding. course of flooding inundation ed was young signing these asian. but there's a huge influence of human acts in our planning processes, our deaf seasons. how do we plan along the course, then how do we protect our coastline? and this is why it's really important that these global sea level eyes projections that translate that into local, at sea level, eyes projections in the local planning. the reason behind is that there is a global sea level that is, but that doesn't mean that sea level ice plays out. and the ready same be a locally. for example, in language nigeria, which we have one of the keys is landis thinking. that means that the locus 11 eyes is actually much higher because it's combining the sinking lamp combined with the rising, see. and then locally you need to know, but you need to plan for and then you need to factor in. but what they wanted to

mention is if the critical infrastructure i am planning to, to bid, or i can i have a 3, or can i advance that's means built into, into the c like sediment based measures to protect the shoreline. all right, and there's lots of, forgive me for jumping in, but there's so much crowd together, but they're all solutions. but the bottom line is they cost an awful lot of money. and most of the country, the most vulnerable do not have that kind of money needs to come from the wealthy nations. and as we've seen, countless un climate summits, that money just isn't forthcoming. so where does money come from and how do we get resolution? the cost of inaction is much higher for abilene and then the cost of action now. so this is what we are community, i think as it seems, since at least 20 years. that's investing now really pay off. and there is the 100000000000 pads of developed nations to our it's developing countries where are feeling the impacts of climate scenes develop kind of developing developed

countries did not yet deliver on the promise that was made in fancy can in copenhagen. so that's need to be fulfilled and then we need to step up in ambush and i sent him sofa climate finance and for finance, for the station and sharing the low carbon technology. it's a remitted part of your mit. i know it's part of the answer to it all, how we doing on the march of the future, the march of the brave you will that we need to be in the some great technology, but really excited to like, you know, hydrogen at the moment we my hijacks project, which is which is great and it shows promise and the it gives an alternative to natural gas. and however, it's not, the technology is not happening anywhere near at the pace that we need them to. and again, comes down to money and, and having that investment and that vision and just the pace of change that we need

just clearly isn't there at the basement. and in the meantime, we will see these impacts the cost money. so money's being spent in the wrong place, and if we could wind the call back kind sides. wonderful thing. and we are where we are on the think government need to now stop really investing and, and, and speeding up moving away from fossil fuels as quickly as possible. all the technology that doesn't just, you know, make the gates against carbon. but we need to be removing carbon. if we stand any chance of keep people below a threshold. i mean, we talked last 3 degree threshold was not far off. you know, we've got papers out that it took about 5 degrees of math, extinction, and level, but we see come in the past. we are scarcely quite close to mrs. and a risk that the client can afford to take. so that investment needs to be paid

by, by the glades, by, by everybody. and the wealthy nations, nations are producing the most dimensions and need to be invested in that technology to move us into a safe place. yes, the speed of change is a terrifying thing is net yarrow in your studies of greenland in the time that you have been study. have you been surprised about the rate of change? yeah, from the time i was a graduate student which is longer ago than i want to admit. i've sat in just countless conference sessions where rooms of scientists are, are stunned by the kinds of changes at the polls that are being documented, you know, in the field and with satellite data and so on. it's, it's stunning how fast the earth system is changing in response to our greenhouse gas emissions. indeed. and the to going back to the, the, how we deal with disasters in with respect is easy to say is that, you know,

let's bring in more early warning systems. let's nature do the work. but how does that work practically in a situation like the floods in pakistan, we should just so devastating even if they were predicted and they were, people saw the rain coming, but probably not to the scale that they ended up be. but even if, if that is possible, there's nothing you can do when it's nature's acting in that way. that magnitude, i think there's a range of different kind of natural has that. and if it's comes to such a huge event like there once in rain cos, flooding and in pakistan, then of course the options to, to the actor i somewhat constrained, but even there now lot can be done to, to, to use exposure. and it to, in case, in case capacity is to be over there, but most of the has, that's actually enough. so x please. and we are even failing their to, to decrease minor ability and,

and increase our capacity sir. a lot can be done. and what we tried to communicate that we shouldn't give up and shouldn't say that we or anybody anywhere. anyway, do me then become do anything. that's just not an option. me. com to accept that and we have to speed up the action and that was the finance. absolutely. 2 more questions i brief briefly if you would, sharon, 1st of all, we got this now next climate conference coming up in egypt in november, adaptation will be a big focus. is there anything to you that suggests we can move forward on this one? i think now the ways the mental growing and i think now we're starting to see the impact. so we just experience with the prolonged heat wave cos europe and then the u. k. things went well, the climate change out before front countries crowd. he says he weighs well, we'll do with no harm when it comes to pressure the negotiation table. so i'm hopeful that change will start half now much more quickly. and yeah,

what about you and also, why are we acting foster? and it's pretty evident that this is soon going to put all of humanities, other problems into the shade. we're not acting faster in part because this is a very, a very tough problem to tackle. but that's also a legacy of decades of misinformation campaigns that were targeted to do exactly that to delay action. i think we are now kind of on a personal level around the world, seeing the impacts of climate change so vividly that it feels much more real to people. and meanwhile, we have, we have the technology and renewable energy cost competitive. now we actually have the ability to start, i think making much faster change happen. one thing i want to say as a parting thought, you know this study shines a light on damage. we've already done suggesting that we are committed to losing 3 percent of the greenland sheet, which is

a devastating fought but the more important number is the other 97 percent of the sheet that we've not yet committed to losing. and so i really hope that people leave this discussion realizing that that other 97 percent is still there for us to decide the fate of. and that's a lot of power that we have right now in this moment. indeed. and the other problem that we have to overcome is, is how the consequences of all this are an imaginable to most people have final thought to use either yes or so the i p c. c am fix the assessment report phase that there they, i or so more high and scenario is like going up to 2 meters until the end of sam 3 sir. really need to act now on both ends on mitigation and cutting missions, but also to adapt because you see that that is all right, we'll leave it there. well, it is a very serious problem and,

but there are solutions to it, of course, and i do have that. we've explored some of those at a certain extent. now. thank you so much for joining us. thank you to, i guess the expert details everybody and sharon, george, thanks very much. i thank you for watching. you can see the program again any time by visiting our website, algebra dot com for further discussion. go to our facebook page. that's facebook dot com, forward slash ha inside story, you know, say join the conversation on twitter. we are at a j inside store for mainly clark and the whole team has gotten, ah, ah,

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