hers were thrust into the limelight that i think they weren't really expecting to have a husband. the queen's counsel, prince philip died and april 2021. how much do you think that the loss of prince for the affected the queen? well this is certainly been a question that's been asked a lot over the past year, and no one really knows the ins turtle workings of someone's mind or their heart. but i know that a lot of people who are close to the royal family have said that for so many years. and elizabeth, the 2nd really felt that her, her reign and her position as head of the family, was really rooted in her relationship with philip. and so it was, i think, thought unfortunately that his,

his passing would really hurt her emotionally and physically and that she would soon follow. so i think people have, have gauged that fairly correctly. she was the longest running monica in british histories of passing the reign of queen victoria in september of 2015. how do you think that she managed to rain so successfully through so many turbulent times during her reign? well fortunately for her, she had a lot of really good role models stretching way back into british or french or other other countries. history monarchs were usually quite tumultuous, impetuous, demanding. but around the turn of the 18th to 900 century, a new model of monarchy was sort of brought forward in part by george the 3rd and his wife, queen charlotte. and then really solidified by victoria and albert. and this was

then carried very much into the 20th century through the queen's grandparents towards the 5th and queen mary. um, and all of those people i think, really saw as a model that you don't really reveal your internal feelings or thoughts. and you simply present a feeling of united strength and devotion and duty to the country. and so it's people. and i think that elizabeth learned that very early on and didn't try to make political upsets. didn't try to change the system very much. and, and therefore survived, like as you said, quite a lot of political change. we were here in just a few moments ago, jonathan about the life of the eldest son, the, the, at the throne. now king charles the 3rd. how do you think the monarchy will fare with, with king charles on the throne?

well, historians as i am, don't really like to predict the future. so it's not really what we do. but there is certainly a sense of a lot of chatter in social media or in cafes of people's opinions about what, what will happen next as a historic and i'm mostly concerned with what it compared to. and so it's interesting that they have definitively gone with, with the number 3 for charles. because even though the jacobite have been gone for 200 years, it definitely puts down the idea that bonnie prince charlie was ever legitimate monarch. but in terms of going forward and, and the future, i think people will be divided and some people are really not sure that hereditary system government is something that should continue on into the 21st century. ok. as a story. and then let me ask you a question that that takes in the past to of course the, the queen, the,

the country will now experience a period of official morning followed by a state funeral full for queen elizabeth. the 2nd of course, from many people in in britain will not experienced anything like it, i suppose, since, since the death of princess diana may, may be. but prince philip, but certainly not on the scale of what they're about to see with the funeral for the queen. yes, that's right on the funeral. the queen mother at the beginning of the 21st century was i think a very good reminder of the grandeur of ceremony that was, that was quite a thing. and i, i was here already in this, in this country by that point. and i to me, that was a bit of a turning point in the dark days of the mid to late nineties, i think really were kind of finally put to past and, and that was the same years ago, golden jubilee if i'm remembering right. and there was a change i think in people's moods. and so that's partly what royal ceremony is all

about and has always been, ceremony is about presenting a sort of majesty. i'm kind of spectacle which, which people tend to really like. but in terms of an actual monarch's funeral, yes, there hasn't been one since the fifty's. and so although the protocols are in place and the documents are there, very few people in, you know, will remember exactly the details of how it should be carried out. so it will be interesting, really good story to jonathan les. thanks and it's jonathan spangler, royal historian at manchester, national university. thank you very much. britain's former prime minister to resume paid tribute to queen elizabeth saying it was the honor of her life to have served the monarch as the country's leader. she went on to say that her majesty witnessed tremendous change moving adroitly with the times,

but always providing stability and reassurance. she was our constant throughout this great elizabeth elizabeth, an era she said. and former british prime minister, tony blair, has said, queen elizabeth brought the country together more than any other and personified everything that made people proud to be british. we have lost, not just our monarch, but the matriarch of our nation, the figure who more than any other brought our country together kept us in touch with our better nature. lived out of buckingham palace, once again al jazeera nave. barker, is there a need describe what, what's, what's happening there? rory was telling us a little earlier when he was there that, that, that the crowd that crowd there despite the inclement weather, keeps getting big. it is deeply, deeply atmospheric here i arrived here by london underground as a short while ago and you can hear the peal of applause and she is if you get closer and closer to buckingham palace is almost of course, inevitable for people to see this sir iconic facade is the landmark where they will

gather for such momentous occasion. you hear also in the, in the crowd of people shouting, god, saith the king, i can't tell you. as a london, there are some of this will be bought or brought off of the united kingdom. how old's and strange that is to hear that being shouted because of course, we are living now in the era of king charles the 3rd we've known, of course for a long time that we're very much the twilight of the 2nd elizabeth and age that we are very much in the, the analog of the era of queen elizabeth, but nevertheless, it doesn't make it any more or any less, but will during a women occasion like this before the nation. the royal family nave travelled to balmoral earlier to be at queen elizabeth's side as as she passed away. you mentioned king charles the 3rd and the king's consort. what. what will they be doing next year?

well, we know that sir enjoined to the 19th sixty's was a very clear cut protocol as to what happened next. a loss over a period of 10 days, 10 days of official morning. it's been called operation london, bridge and operation name used by many of the broadcasters that of course, have been preparing for this day for many, many years. we are on d day so day one, but because of the death of queen elizabeth happening later in the day, we believe that that period of 10 days may possibly be shifted by a day or 2. initially things happen seamlessly imperceptibly of the monarchy, of course goes from queen elizabeth to a king charles a 3rd that happens behind the sea. as we know, of course, also from clarence house official residence, all formerly prince charles, that he has chosen that name of king charles the 3rd he didn't have to, but he has done. we know, of course, also immediately flags were lowered to half mast that sir mistrust gave that

important statement on downing street voicing very much the position of the britons, of britons, politicians, and all around the world we be hearing gradually from one foreign leader, one foreign dignitary after another, extending their support, condolences in a couple of days time, queen elizabeth 40 will be brought from balmoral to buckingham palace with them several days after that will be taken to westminster, all the palace of westminster, where the house has the commons and houses, lord ah, and the body will lay in states and several days after that will be the states funeral, one day, 10 at westminster abbey, before the actual internment, or queen elizabeth already at saint george's chapel in windsor. during that period, the new king or tool tool, the nation, making his presence in his authority and identity, very much known across the 4 corners of the country. you talked about being born and brought up and in the u. k. will me to and i've got a good few years on, on you leave and how old it, it, it was to hear

a people calling or shouting long live the king right now. it is a strange sense. but for those of us who are, who are bridges, that the one constant throughout our lives is gone. what did queen elizabeth bean, do you think to the people of the euclid or somebody sits me a little bit earlier that you have to be over 80 years old. so to really remember a time before queen elizabeth, she's very much been the backdrop of all of our lives in the united kingdom and write a superficial way. in many ways, she's been on the coins on the stamps on the bank notes. so she's, i much the kind of wall paper of what it has been like to grow up in the united kingdom, at least for at least a couple or 3 generations of people. she, somebody that also links my generation and those younger than me to previous generations. the war time generation that and now long gone as you wish,

i reckon also represents surplus continuity at a time of huge political change. of course we've had bricks in recent years we've had, as you know, multiple prime ministers come and go over the years. she has remains the absolute constant and i think it's quite interesting and quite telling that she continued to work right up until the last couple of days. and making our latest by minister list trust that the new prime minister, united kingdom inviting her to form a government that was her last parting gesture to the nation during a few months of real real turbulence. and as i said, political appeal upheaval, so continuity, but also somebody that links the past and the present out 0 nevuk are reporting live there from buckingham palace in central london. i just want to show you some pictures sir. now, um from windsor castle, which is sir, another royal residence in the english county of barsha. ah,

it's around 15 miles outside of london. it's sir. i suppose you'd refer to it as the queen's 2nd home. whereas buckingham palace very much the, the day to day working office. if you like, the windsor castle was where that the queen and her prince philip would retreat. ah, at the we can people anyway, paying their respects to her majesty the queen. ah, by laying floral tributes outside of windsor castle. former u. k. prime minister boris johnson said that this is our country's saddest day. he said the death of the only monarch most britons have ever known would provoke a deep and personal sense of loss. far more intense the perhaps we expected. when queen elizabeth 1st visited kenya in 1952, she arrived as a princess and left only days later to ascend the throne. back then kenya was still

part of the british empire. now it's one of more than 50 members of the commonwealth of nations. but his houses here is catherine sawyer, reports some canyons feel the commonwealth itself is coming to the end of an era. it's now an elaborate tree housing. the wildlife reach of the day is forest in central kenya, back in 1952. when queen elizabeth 1st visited as a princess, this is how it looked. the only thing that has been constant is what a hole that attracts wild animals every evening, and what brings in thousands of tourists every year. the story of tree tops lodge has been told entry, told princess elizabeth was here when her father died and she became queen, rating bogus, shows me exactly where the original tree house stood before it burned down. bobo was a porter and was selected to help carry the princess luggage to the room. it was a time of colonial oppression while food, some way to put the knots, each canyon's better. well, they would beat us out of the 2 car and he had to be found as here. they had those

over, i'd strong, but would only allow us to own utmost to 15 good. only good. then princess visited kenya at a very tense period. the beginning of an uprising, and within a year young canyon freedom fighters declared war on her government. they killed dozens of british settlers. the sympathizers, which is the beginning of the end of colonialism, can against independence in 1963, which was one of many african countries to do so that decades. it appears as if many of policymakers in britain, underwashed. i'm not accepted the fact that africans independent z o lou, there was that independence. we tend to think of africans as perpetual wards. children to be guided a domains at the head of braces, engagement of africa. the you case finding it difficult to compete with china in

trade and building infrastructure support for africa. it is not that africans what we're wondering. it londo it, but also want to lose bit under the right to decide who to do it, which i knew deals are not good. get rid of the bridge road. these are not good. get rid of it while it's during the queen's rain, that serious human rights abuses were committed in kenya. she's remembered fondly. she visited the country several times, a museum dedicated to her. it's fielded souvenirs from her visits. britain's connection with africa is evolving as is the post colonial stereotype that the relationship is all about. handouts, africa continues to see that 8, but some analysts say the u. k is now more interested in promoting traits. cathy, sorry, i'll da 0 central kenya. and in the last few minutes, sir, kenny as president william roto us hailed queens,

admirable leadership of the commonwealth or queen elizabeth the seconds long rain so wide spread, a dramatic changes across the country she ruled and the world in which she lived. but throughout, she remained a constant. i'll to seriously barker reports her reign, soul years of traumatic change, the social, cultural, and technological revolution that altered the very landscape of the nation. but the queen retained the same values, the same habits, an unchanging presence in a country, living through times of turmoil and conflict. she was just 25 when she came to the throne. exactly the same age as the 1st queen elizabeth and was only 18 at the end of the 2nd world war where she served as an ambulance driver. only 8 years later, she was being crowned on almost every level kind of politically, culturally in terms of technological innovation. i'm in terms of sort of society,

i mean, every sort of massive change in the late 20th century. obviously she's lived through so things ranging from obviously the full off the bud enroll a year end of apartheid africa in england, the 1st female prime minister, the 1st black president in america. so those kind of landmarks also think about the development of the world wide web, which is obviously had each impact on society. the queen very much alleged away in technology as far as world families are concerned. in 19 starbucks 9097, she actually was free behind launching the role families 1st website, the british monarchy. and then in more recent years, we saw her get fully behind things like facebook page with the monarchy in 2010. and all these things while they were being developed will aids, would always say they were sent right to the tops. it wasn't, they were being worked on by press secretaries, she ever saw all those developments in technology and she raised her plate. she was

also all too aware of a new kind of natural bread, home grown terrorism with the new code live with terrorism for a long time. took the off in the 2nd world war with the problems in northern ireland. she was short term, a new wave of terrorism, islamic terrorism had hit london on define who she stood in that central over there about the palace and observed the 2 minutes silence. i say defiance as if to say you can promise, but will not folder. that is pretty much shifted to become a bill of multicultural society. the one that was more accepting of divorce. the queen's family too seemed to adapt when one of her grandson's prince harry married . megan marco, a bi racial american actress who had been married before. yes ma'am, so after the wedding differences began to emerge, and eventually the couple made allegations of racism against members of the royal household, harry and megan and the rest of the royal family started off with the best of

intentions. we're going to work together. we're going to take the will found into the 21st century. but how do you change a medieval western european system overnight? it's very difficult to do that. the queen, so the family was saddened by the couples decision to step back from the royal family and moved to the united states. when she came to the throne, the queen made a promise to the nation. whether it be long or short, shall be debated. your savings and to the service of our great imperial family to which we all belong. it was a pledge, many would say she managed to fulfil, remaining a constant and an ever changing world. ne park al jazeera london. let's go back to buckingham palace in central london. i was seriously barker for you just heard is that for us leave a miserable evening with the rain pouring down the people continuing to to come

along to pay their respects to queen elizabeth yet is a dismal evening. it's been raining heavily for a couple of hours now, but of course, this is seismic news. this is a massive event that has a massive impact on how people view the nation going forward, which is why, of course, the very famous buckingham palace always viewed by our queen elizabeth and prince. philip has very much the office here in central london has become the focal point. for many, many people who have been braving the weather, their umbrellas up and you're hearing occasionally. peals of cheers. are ripple through the crowd. you've also heard people ah, shouting god, save the king as well because we are now very much in that key moment of transition . the switch has happened. queen elizabeth is no more. we have a new king, a king charles, the 3rd that has been confirmed by his official residence at clarence house and 10

days of official morning. now take place a protocol that was put into place back of the 19 sixty's that now it's very much underway with the lowering of flags to half mass and further details in the scheduling to emerge as we go forward. he said that the queen elizabeth and prince philip used to refer to parking apprentice very much as, as the office. many people will be surprised to know that it wasn't the actual seat of the monarchy that was around the corner at saint james's palace. why though, do you think that, i mean you explained there why people wanted to come and pay their respects to the queen? what is it, though, about queen elizabeth anne and her reign that makes most britons, or whether they support the monarchy or not, feel slightly bereft this evening?

well, i mean, the answer to that is quite simple. and it's longevity whether you have republican tendencies or whether you're in that die hard monarchists. you can't ignore the huge historic value of this particular moment in time. she has been the backdrop to several generations of people's lives here. not any in the united kingdom, but across what was the british empire that became the commonwealth. as i was saying earlier, she's paid a very much a superficial role of i've being a figurehead on everything from coins to slight stamps the to bank notes. but she's also very much a key political figure as well without overtly being political. she is the head of state and as such, plays an important role with the transfer of power, which is what we've seen in this hugely important week with boys johnson, the former prime minister, leaving office and the new prime minister list trust becoming a prime minister. it is down to her to invite that new prime minister to become

leda and to form a new government. and that is a hugely important role to play at a time of huge amounts of political upheaval on an awful lot of device of miss change from everything to do with, with political opinions on the left and the rights to break save or something that we've seen of course, divide the nation in 2 in recent years, or for the moment they have many things that they need. buck, other outside, buckingham palace in central london. let's continue our focus on the queen's relationship with the commonwealth. at rebrand williams is a reporter for the nationwide news network. she joins us now from kingston, jamaica goods, happy with the server by jamaica courses. just celebrated 60 years of independence from from britain. what's the reaction to the queen's death then? her hello and agree to that to your view as thank you so much for having me. well, officially or new head of state becomes king charles the 3rd following the death of

his mother. and already it is believed that to be moved. all would, in becoming a republic will gain momentum here in jamaica. and yes, becoming a republic has been a topic of much conversation here in jamaica, as you rightly said, especially knowing or dian monday, to believe or 60 a year of independence. i can tell you about the queen's official representation here in jamaica, the governor general, or patrick allen, has not yet issued a statement on the passing of the clean it up. but so far, the prime minister he has that mater tweet on twitter accompanying with an image off the plea. and he stated it was that with bridge and for phone sadness that i learned of the past. the book, queen elizabeth, the 2nd, the longest rating appreciation monarch who is that range spanned several decades.

no. he went further to see we join our brothers and sisters in the commonwealth in mourning her passing. and he went also went on to say that we prayed for the comfort of the members of her family and also the people of the united kingdom as they grieve the loss of their beloved queen. now the opposition leader of the people's national party here in jamaica mark building also tweeted his words that were the world more and the passing of queen elizabeth for many all around the globe. he says has been a symbol. she has been a symbol of decency stability and continuity throughout our lives. she was much respected and loved it. he expressed profound sadness to her passing robin. i'm sorry to interrupt you. tell me about how the p pool of jamaica feel about the death of, of queen elizabeth. at this point i gather we are still processing

what it means for our island at this point in time. and the changes that we will see going forward. and of course, we have already seen changes on the there, there that there is a process like i said to becoming a republic. and it, that has been getting momentum, but i guess that we're still processing what exactly this means that or island, you think that timeline, as far as becoming a republic will change. now that we have king charles the foot, i do believe so what? there are several legislative steps that have to be taken, as you are aware in terms of the familiarity with the king. king charles the 3rd, as he will be known, jamaicans are indeed familiar with him. and there has been attempts to familiarize the dust or with him in recent weeks as he just edited at britain's black newspaper,

the voice which is owned by a jamie media group. and with the facilitation of the countries transitioned will republic. the jamaica government has created a new, okay, history, it's called b ministry for legal and constitutional affairs and they are no longer with the process. okay, we're by a really good story. many thanks. did robin williams, the from the nationwide news? what network caught in jamaica? let's just remind you that so i majesty queen elizabeth the 2nd has died at the age of 96. what lead us have been paying tribute to the long suffolk block who reigned for 70 years. the official website of the royal family announced her death earlier today. let's take a look out at some of the most memorable images from the queen 70 a rain. ah

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