teacher lover, alexis could nickle is familiar with these plants and apply yoga. it will. empathy yama took you full meant that this plant is cold turkey water and his cream leaves emerge when it rains in and its leaves are edible. they taste good, even though they are a bit sour. the going arcos eat them because they have time water from the leaves. there's no water here. as you know, nasa, scientists often use the at the camera deserts, rocky terrain to simulate planet mars. but extreme weather patterns are taking their toll. this winter, it actually snowed in the arid elk valley. not so far south from here. while for the north, in the, at the comma, there were mud slides. it's spring now in south america. but this desert loom is emerging much more slowly than in the past. because rain is becoming more and more irregular. leading many to wonder if all this is destined to disappear as another casualty of climate change. to see and human al jazeera copy up all chilly

. ah, and let's take you through some of the headlines here. now. you as president joe biden is paid his respects to queen elizabeth the 2nd he appeared on the balcony in westminster. hall is a stream of people filed past the queen's coffin. the president was accompanied by his wife jill, and through us ambassador to britain from westminster abbey. andrew simmons says mondays funeral all be one of london's largest ever events. some sources say within the security services, this is the biggest operation of its kind. there's never been anything like it since the 2nd world war. 2000000 people will be lining the streets on monday. as the funeral cortez moves from here to windsor castle where they will be

in sermons, they will be the barrel in the king. king george's chapel later on monday evening. that will be when finally, queen elizabeth is laid to rest alongside her husband, prince philip. job at the us house speaker says she strongly condemned while she calls illegal attacks by as that of a shot. and i mean, ami a rather i said by john cold, the comments unfair and unsubstantiated. nancy pelosi was speaking in the out of and just days after an outbreak of violence between the 2 countries taiwan has been hit by a powerful earthquake. the, at the center of the 6.8 magnitude quake was located in the sparsely populated tide . tongue county for people had to be rescued from a building that collapsed for non model is made landfall in southern japan with millions of people being told to move to safety. strong winds and heavy

rain are causing blackouts and several flights been canceled. japan's meteorological agency is warning of record brain for the headlines. the news continues here. now does there off the inside story? stay with us. ah. renewed tension between tajikistan and kurdistan. both sides blame each other for the latest quarter, leora. but what schools this latest round of fighting, and is it likely to be resolved soon? this is inside story. ah.

hello, welcome to the program alhashan alba. more fighting has taken place between august and antarctic. he sent overboard taos, re, a dispute that goes back to the collapse of the soviet union in 1991 skirmishes that started a few days ago have killed and injured dozens of people, both landlocked nations accusing each other of breaking the recent cease fire conflicts over the poorly de marketed border are frequent and many are concerned. there could be an all out war. the unsexy general, antonio terrorist called on all sides to de escalate and send through dialogue. a last stretch of the border is, are marked fueling disputes over water and land. several rounds of talks over the years have failed. on saturday coke as president souther job of

cut short his trip to his back, his turn to hold an emergency meeting with kirk as secure to counsel. so new is in both of it would be the silica there was a shoot out at the border, which we believe disapprove occasion shooting was carried out by the armed forces and border guards of touch extern. our border guards fought back that as a can t. m. and history has also claimed several civilians were killed in the fighting. and on sunday, the crumbling released the statement. vladimir putin called on the parties to prevent further escalation and take steps to resolve the situation. as soon as possible by exclusively peaceful, political and diplomatic means. more than a 3rd of the length of the border between the former soviet states is disputed. task force has attacked the southern regional kroger's capital baskin on friday, and accused cougar's forces of destroying a mosque and residential buildings. co guess. dan says it evacuated more than

a 100000 people from the area. a cease fire was agreed on saturday, but remains fragile. a dispute last year over water reservoir lead to intense fighting that killed dozens of people. moscow has offered to mediate between the 2 countries. it has close ties with both tajikistan and co guest than that host russian military bases. ah, let's bring in our guests from bish kick cardiac took to love former car gets down ambassador to the us and canada from a has color. douglas, stan is saga mark of the director of the institute of political studies in moscow and a former member of the russian parliament from prague. bruce pioneer is a journalist who specializes in central asia. welcome to the program, kathy. it was triggered the latest escalation on the border between co gast talent

as ex, than well, definitely one of the main reasons is the result for border the limitation process, we still have to complete, almost 50 percent of for our boarded limitation was as you get done, and for this fighting that took place, was the deadliest between just, i mean, did you get done with military service, one of the next time going into the theatre of georgia? and certainly we have to keep in mind that getting some antiques done shared the border in the densely populated thinking of only one of the most densely populated regions in the world with scars disputed water resources. and they were down to the best buy. does it start to take over t, what a distribution facilities. so there are a lot of issues that have to be worked out, but definitely this was the deadliest attack by the deadliest conflict between

the 2 neighbors and j. just as you just on starting the 1st. ok. so gay people are concerned about an all out military confrontation between the 2 countries. both were former soviet union states. what can russia do this time to de escalate? russia already made just collision or like leslie between project and guest and previous time and russia will try to give a combination strong recommendation tools lead us more so as it gets on get just on to give or that was needed to process to step down and in fact, this context is continued by long time is a contract because why is unclear so you

can get on to the today. the rich contin no problem already or something about 70. yes. in 070 yes. question. contina, i would say after all up so. so you union, of course, as a question became all was small violence, i would say is a normal subject glaze is able to read some tensions between project and get you set is also stage and every months, some violence, not questions and it's in between students. there are every here, some incident with women or is between additional set or to genius on every 10. yes. such as we

see before to us to be lies as the complex. but i create that exact out of the session. all was to reach a security reach in the previous time. also now both countries manned by us on the high computation musicians reach, in fact, glad to buy china and russia. and now china also when will join z activity, a pass to liberalize situation and my prediction that's traditional robust liberalized in a few days. all right, bruce, before we get into the root causes of the conflict, if, if this is something that has the potential to evolve into an explosive scenario for both countries, don't just think that the most immediate thing the international committee should be doing is digitized demilitarized zone along with peacekeepers to be deployed in

that particular disputed area. well, it was a situation to start with the term because actually the, you know, there, there are war. they have been a war with each other for the last few days. artillery banks, helicopters, all thing this happened again last year to i'm the only 2 central asian countries that have gone to war with each other. so it's definitely an explosive situation. and it's only getting worse as far as mediation or some efforts to try to help the 2 sides to be mobilized. i like that because really that's the key here to be mobile and asian it to exactly when you pick to do this. there's a lot of, you know, on either side they have their own. ready idea would be an honest broker and the other one country, one all agree with the other countries if that's the case there's been some not. busy very successful efforts or trying to mediate conflicts or on the part of un,

or the o s b. so if you know who exactly would, would you pick to mediate this piece? but i agree that mobile, they demobilization and the. ready reduction of forces and removal of heavy weaponry in the border area is to even start in this either those are largely going to be confidence building measures. now it comes to the border issue itself. this is something that day this back to many, many, many years ago. now some say that the best possible scenario would be for both countries to agree on splitting the disputed area into half and then they would say miss them demarcate the border area. turn the chapter, move forward. does it make sense to the current us government? well, if you look at the area which was affected by the latest, the crashes, and you would see that the board actually goes and cuts through some villages and

through densely populated areas. so it has been one of the reasons why the whole limitation process has been going slowly is because there has been a little compromise or understand, you know, common ground in the past as to how that the limitations should go and who would see territory. and then being there or elsewhere. so the confidence building measures. ready should be taking place and both countries have been working on that . but the biggest, uh, i would like to address the previous speakers are comments the failure of the organization. so which both curious on a project staff members off to actually provide enough mechanisms and confidence building measures so that such deadly attacks. a conflict do not take place. it's pretty disappointing. i mean, you said you have, does it on your,

your standards members of the collective security trade organization. but still, they go at each other and we do have to make sure that countries actually find compromise and find a common ground so that the limitations process is completed and concluded as soon as possible. otherwise, such conflicts will probably repeat in the future. so again, when it comes to the, a russian, a leverage here. as you know, the whole border dispute is about the demarcation of 19 twenties under joseph starting. or when it comes to the practicalities of it, each has its own interpretation. the caregiver rely on to maps, the tasks have their own maps. what do you think? should russia do in practical terms to address the issue of the,

of that particular disputed area? i think russia because of all new touch. ok. so i'm kind of like i would say with most believers because it's not on a specific program. sounds account, but also it's a problem. so always context of psychologist leadership and so on. and so quiet negotiation with most leaders with respect to all to them. it's an important part those, those negotiations. also, i want to discuss with some of the rate and our nike soprano is problems come not from 2 inches from just start up. it's come from the future span of what what channels have been created. and also it's impossible, i seem to have did

a mutation of water in there because get imitation. most kevin, but situation is there because it's and go out in a bottle. it's made specially bidick company. good. for example, i'll asked me to pick collections. and because one there was no one woman, i do remember that it was a gift woman, but she construct the just that was that the fence, they did it too which is but i keep it that don't have any economic activity. so it didn't meet station that's not there, not each should be some kind of joy and maybe management or 0, sorry. or also as this call they come because usually this suggests that to do some humans as a gore, some kind of why no solution was all by exchange. it comes to us,

but i leave this was a ruler, disagree with this suggestion and a credit style or just suggestion. so it's also conflict or say privileges. it's one that was a one that was important that actually reach russia because to pay attention to. but also to create, maybe as i can me to try and wish russians and china's will have to was side to it is so many various small, almost individual conflicts on the grounds happen in source idea almost every day. all right, bruce, both countries have their own commissions. regarding the board, the both countries have their own interpretations. both countries say that we have

the marty convention of 1991. we have the bicycle convention of 994. are we talking just about an issue of dilemma taishan or is this is something far bigger about bizarre says about the need for both local communities to move back and forth, a different area to be able to survive. oh yeah. well, i mean, exactly. you know, it's strange and cruel in a way that when you're in, i've been to this region several times when you can see them, the snow capped mountains around you and you know, there's a lot of water up there in the mountains. but there isn't a lot of water in this area where the border keeps going in and out. so, you know, agriculture land is limited both in terms of farming and in terms of hurting. and of course, you know, it's hurting really where you have to move your animals from place to place of the grade. so, you know, these, these are really, i mean, this is the basic, the core and ordinance for these people out there. these things have to be out that water for the problems they have to have grazing land for their animals or people

themselves. so yes, it's hard to, you know, it's hard to, to guard that or figure out a way that you can find a compromise for that because people are naturally going to lead their animals, the ground where there's grass, maybe that disputed ground. i don't know, maybe they they can let it, but them go on to the territory of. ready jason state, while no one's looking, you know, maybe they think they can divert water or their own field when no one's looking, you know, and so it's certainly primary importance. it's an agriculture, really based community on either side of the cardia. when you look at the case of kurdistan, for example, you have the nomads who say that the border did imitation was never fair and therefore the local communities were, are suffered a lot that there it's absolutely there legitimate or why to cross into areas inside

tajikistan to be able to look after their livestock or the same time they say there's another issue which is the water channels. we don't really feel like it's evenly distributed between both countries. from a caregiver perspective. if this is about those particular issue, don't you see that the top issue here is the need for both december and biscuits to come together, set aside those differences and will forward about a new plan? well, definitely miss k conditional. they have to get together and find common solution that will actually work for both side. but you know, any kind of social work quite well, compromise on both sides. and one thing that we have to keep in mind is that we actually have 2 different kinds of government, incurious done in project stuff gets done, it's government that was part to elected. we have

a pretty outspoken vocal parliament. whereas in the senior officials that are actually in charge and are competent and authorize to make decisions. while on the, on the project side, you have pretty top decision making. we're probably, there's only one man that makes all the decisions, including as to when the fighting in on the border must stop. you looked at the meeting between the 2 president. so, you know, curious on a project just on in summer. com, they agreed that the, there would be sci fi, you know, military board. the guards will actually pull back from the borders, but that didn't take place on this project site for sure. so we actually are dealing with looking at the situation of and more democratic country trying to find common ground on the border issues with the, you know, an autocratic, 13 country. so it is a bit i think, challenging,

definitely in this situation for both. it's just because of different natures, different accountability and lack of transparency. for example, on the subject said we still haven't seen clear figures as to how many casualties and what is really happening on their side. while we see everything that is actually has been taking place on the curious side, including number of people that i created. number of people that were. ringback killed and people that were injured. so you know, it's those differences that i think difficult to overcome, but yes, you know, i definitely need to come together. so you have asked you about what, what can a russia do do, don't you think that the chinese could potentially play a significant role given the fact that they have managed to expand somehow their political and economic influence in central asia? i think china because a lot of them are influencing all regions,

probate and insulins with china, more than name brands. and now of course, boss, i just kid just fan to a medium to russia to walk and russian economy are it's important factor. but china want to play a role, but don't want to play political role. china and keep in low profile is going to be too much involved, especially now. you may remember knows that mean china will have a very important congress meeting close to communist party reach as should. in fact, the change political system reach. diana, china said in previous 40 yes and disease congress will be very, very political. the point that one china, that's why i try,

especially this be to try to keep a low profile. also i should then just concrete between q to use punch. it also has some clarity on that subject, belong to get a partial culture and get a good belong to that great culture. and we know is it the collections in different areas? because a person speaking and speaking, people come to know many center us and it's will continue seeing it's will not stop . we were going to pretend that will stop as always contact richard junior. if you're a center, but what we can do for sure, no, maybe to pair to final. it is a new one, but ok, but i meant to stop firing. and 2nd it to create some kind of meet your risk. possibly russia and the whole was that with some changes but to the patient. and this commission can to, to salt, very specific,

almost individual complex and be 3 and also currently between small business as richer crippin area, almost 7 bras. i'm trying to draw some similarities with different conflicts, and i'm thinking of sub saharan africa, this region where you have this conflict between the nomadic tribes and the, and the farmers over a possible lands and resources of water. now, oftentimes the you and other international agencies try to step into help. but ultimately the problem was not necessarily the fight between the 2 overland. it was climate change. do you see the same thing here? applying to both biggest anthropic has done you will certainly climate change as having a very negative back on this area. ready and more generally across central asia. so yeah, i would say that that's certainly one of the factors. i think that you can't forget about the fact that this conflict has been building certainly we already heard it's

been 70 years at least. ready where this is flared up, but it's certainly in last 15 years because they're independent states now. it has been growing in intensity. so even before climate change was a big issue, there was already carol was already boiling, so to speak. so yeah, i can't, i can't, you know, a scribe. it purely to climate change. climate change complicates the situation that was already developing. and that reason the okay, this that has been of the view that it's the fine with the idea of drawing a line of the state border by the actual use following the agreement that was signed in 1991 of 1994. something which has been rejected all the time by hazardous dancing that no, the other option would be to delimit the disputed territories. in half, you have your own agrarian reforms more liberal than the ones in texas than however you do understand that by the tactic law, there's absolutely no way for foreign nationals,

particularly the caregiver can move forward to acquire use, manage the land on the other side of the border, ultimately we're talking about an almost impossible scenario. we're curious on these not interested in taking somebody's land. we just want to fair, which is also a historically fair, a border deal. and certainly, you know, the 2 governments have to intensify those discussions and finalize them. we saw that it is possible to achieve such results here you found in the biggest down, for example, when new president new york came into power. they, the 2 countries moved their, their fast to actually finalize the board to do mutation and demarkation process. and between the 2 countries within a very short period of time, there was a pretty record piece on the lease. and we were hoping that this result

would encourage such a process with them, but that hasn't happened. and we believe that the problem is actually with the top leadership of that i'm not willing to make compromises for sure. we have to leave it there in the mean time cutter took to love. so again, mark of and bruce veney, i really appreciate you as i thank you, looking forward to talking to you in the near future. thank you for watching. you can see the program again any time by visiting go to web site al jazeera dot com for further discussion. got our facebook page. that's facebook dot com, forward slash a jane site. so you can also join the conversation on twitter, our hand that is at a j insights store for me, hash law and the entire team here in doha bye for now. ah

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from the war in ukraine to the global energy crisis and the impact of climate change, the need for international cooperation has never been more vital. as leaders from a 193 member states gather the united nations general assembly. will we see any breakthroughs on al jazeera? ah this is al jazeera ah.