results if you lose this yearly don't. well, both scenario is a bad copy of donald trump. he tries to copy trump in everything results electoral courts, as the machines are secure, the system has more than 30 at technology, technological barriers, security barriers, it's used in most moderns. mechanisms, navarra, cryptography, and digital signature and he's consider one to more secure security. secure elector assistance in the world. political analysts, sasha plaza, says that sparking this controversy is dangerous for brazil's democracy. i think the residential boss on, on who's doing this because he won't accept the results of the election if he loses . and so he needs an excuse. he needs or narrative. he needs to tell a story about why he lost and who is behind. as soon as the reserves additional cause, barissi, left us comparison conspiracy to,

to put him out of office. the recent polls show that 7 out of every 10 brazilians still believe in the electronic voting system, which was 1st used in 1996 and only 4 years ago facilitated the election of president bull. so narrow himself monica in, archival jazeera, rio de janeiro. ah, this is al jazeera, these are the top stories of russia's presidents proclaimed the annexation of 4 ukrainian regions. vladimir, put in giant, a thousands of people at mosque was red square for the public celebration. his envoy use russia's veto power to block a un security council resolution condemning the land ground or diplomatic editor james base as more from the united nations in new york. it's worth noting that most of the security council supported this resolution of those,

vetoed by russia. but there were 4 countries that decided they were going to abstain. china, india, brazil, and gabon. what happens next is that this'll now be taken by the u. s. to the general assembly of the united nations where we're all 193 member states, get their view and a similar sort of resolution we expect to be put to the vote at some point next week. denmark's energy agency says gasoline from 2 major pipelines that run from russia to germany are expected to stop over the weekend. on monday for ruptures were discovered in the north stream $1.00 and $2.00 pipelines which transport gas under the baltic, c. e, u is calling for an urgent investigation. while russia has accused the west of sabotage. you members of agreed to cut peak are power consumption. they're also going to impose levies on windfall profits of energy companies. they're hoping to reduce energy prices, which of source since the water ukraine. because fossil is present,

as paul read amoeba has been overthrown by the military and army officer 1000000 and state television. you said the country's new leader is captain ever him tony oregon. ian has made landfall in south carolina. the storm dropped from how to can status to a post tropical psych phone. heavy rains and strong winds have no power to more than 170000 customers. and that's many roadways along the coast under water. and those are the headlines coming up next. it's inside story by ah hurricane. it could be the deadliest on to ever hit the u. s. state of florida is

one of many extreme weather events this year that i've left millions homeless. what is making these disasters more common and more intense, and how do we better prepare for them? this is insight story. ah hello and welcome to the program i am fully battle hurricane in is one of the most powerful storms to hit the us in years. north and south carolina, bracing for the worse after it left a trail of destruction in florida. the storm made landfall on the said southwest coast on wednesday. winds of up to 250 kilometers an hour and record storm surge is destroyed homes and cut power to more than $2000000.00 people. scientists blame what they call rapid intensification for making the hurricane destructive. that's

when wind speeds increase by at least 60 kilometers per hour. within a day, researchers say in 10 storms are becoming more common due to warmer oceans from climate change. the u. s. president has declared a major disaster for florida. this could be the deadliest hurricane in florida history. the numbers of still are still aren't clear, but we're hearing early reports what may be substantial loss of life. so which countries have experienced the most extreme weather events this year in august to renshaw, monsoon reigns and glacial males triggered the most severe flooding in pakistan's recent history. leaving a 3rd of the country under water from june to august, heat, waves set weather records across europe, leading to forest fires and droughts. sweeping the region in june, floods hates so don after heavy rain caused the blue sky and water at white nile rivers to burst their banks. and since january floods have effected most of africa killing just under 2000 people,

nigeria was the worst affected. ah, well as bringing our guests south for 2 days inside story in tallahassee, bradford johnson, assistant professor of geography and a ph. d. in meteorology at florida state university in o tracked in the netherlands, martin van ounce director of the international red cross red crescent climate center and a professor of climate and disaster resilience. at the university of 20 and in islamabad, fall hod saeed. the south asia and middle east regional climate. scientists with climate analytics. welcome to the program. thank you very much for joining us. bradford johnson in tallahassee. let me start with you. hurricane in went from a tropical storm to a hurricane in less than 24 hours. and it's not the only storm that's recently experience this rapid intensification as they're calling it. what is behind this and what is making these storms more intense and more frequent?

that's right, and thank you for having shall it is really like you mentioned a long line a series of storm as far to 10 years on better founder ways into mexico. ready where we are found out today. ready that the seasons temperature is emmy environment conducive to shopping at stores in the gulf of mexico. her tracking above. ready as from historical values, for instance, the hurricane in it traverse over water if there were over 30 degrees celsius and in northwest in caribbean before it encountered. ready ready ready or more than 2 degrees celsius expected values off the south western culture. florida on this, along with conducive atmospheric conditions allowed storm like its predecessors to effectively drop pressure very quickly and wind speeds to ramp up. ready very fast, how global warming you would say is affecting this it's leading to the storm,

intensification pattern. that research has shown that warming around the globe is causing. ready water temperatures, not only in the truck oceans also in. ready areas, north of the tropics, to train, above average, will be expected to see over the last $30.00 to $50.00, even 100 years. in particular, the mexico look current which fees, water from the western caribbean. if you might know it also, the gulf stream was then actually hit your on the last letter end of it. it wasn't tracking warmer as well, and it's a relatively deeper pool, a warm water, which effectively access more fuel for these. alright, for hot, it's rama by talk to us about your experience in pakistan. what role has climate change played in the intense weather events we've seen in that region this year? thankfully for having me, 1st of all and the fellow speak,

i have said that you have also found the role of climate change in excess of bidding the impacts of the of the 2 of the extremes. you have this year. so the heat fav in the month of march and april with progress on a witness. it was also a record breaking and it was supposed to be a time of spring in august. but the break in part of august on rose above 50 degrees centigrade in some of the places. so it was just antecedent for the time of the year. and i was a part of a study which was led by beaten, called london. and it also had a quote from us cambridge oxford going to meet us the song, the finding of us study was that that particular heat the climate change has accessibility or made it more likely by 30 times as compared to the world without climate change. and similarly, the 2nd, when the country went through is the flooding. it was the worst,

the country have an expedient since the record began. and the similar study was conducted, which is called the climate and attribution study. and our finding from that study was that the intensity of the monson rainfall in 2 months, in a month of august, june, july, and august. the intensity was increased by 75 percent as compared to the world without climate change. so we have quantitative and editors that climate gene has played a very important role in excessive bidding. the impacts of both the events, martin in old track, are we talking specifically about human induce climate change here? how do socio economic factors intersect with climate impacts, whether in south asia or in the america or in africa? how is it worth seeing that the effects on people and the environment? yeah, well 1st of all,

i think it's important to underline what for how to say about the strong quantitative evidence that in many of these individual disasters, we have now a very clear fingerprint indeed of anthropogenic climate change. so we can draw a straight line from the mission of greenhouse gases to the more intense natural hazards that we're now facing. however, it's always the combination of those hazards with the vulnerability of the societies that are hit by them. that then defines the impacts. and while you may know the classical story of bangladesh, where we've also been confronted with super storms in the past couple of years. and fun, for instance, was a super typhoon hitting position india in the 1970 storm like that would have killed hundreds of thousands of people literally. but 2 years ago that only job 124 casualties of course, still very tragic. but thanks to a successful evacuation of 9000000 people, we were able to avoid many debts. now that doesn't mean there is no destruction. and climate change is still posing

a very heavy told on those countries. but it shows that there is a lot that can be done to avert some of the very worst impacts with rising hazard. it's clear that we need to invest much more in those sorts capacities, in light of a more volatile climate, different we, before we talk about what more can be done, i want to ask you martin about the impact a bit to give us a bit more. you know, an example of the direct impact of these disasters and you know, what are the costliest weather related incidents? well, the costliest in terms of economic damages are often in the united states. and we're really talking $100000000000.00 disasters. we don't have to total yet for a florida right now. but for instance, 5 years ago we did a similar attribution study that i was just talking about for her can harvey induced and that was over a $100000000000.00 for that disaster. and again, 3 times more likely due to climate change. so we have those numbers in terms of huge costs in places like us. when you're talking about human tall,

it is often places like comcast, on the current drought in or of africa is one of our current. our biggest concerns in terms of humanitarian concerns. at the moment, also be hundreds of 1000 people dying. if we don't provide food are quickly the fingerprint of climate change in those context is often more difficult because we don't have perfect data. our models aren't good for those places, but it's the same pattern of both a rise and haven't. in that case, 5 rainy seasons in a row failing, but also very high vulnerability due to the poverty, the aftermath, colgate the conflicts in the region. so that's, that's always the pattern that those come together. and then of course, in those very poor regions, you don't get a high, very, very high economic thought, but human suffering is multiplied. bradford marching mentioned that data and i guess having good data is key, isn't it? is the climate crisis making forecasting more difficult? i would argue when it comes to forecasting our forecasts or have more tools

available to them right now more data. ready than any other time history or there are areas just martin just mentioned that are pretty data sparse that do impact our ability to forecast. for instance, on hurricane dorian and the bill. ready few years back in may, i've actually delayed as initiation because of the sahara dust there was present over chocolate atlantic at that time. and as we know here in death is a, is a product of desertification and drought in sub saharan africans to hell region. but one hurricane during was actually able to develop it may have actually into, by faster because the warmer c, service temperatures that were available to, to tap into was to reach the bahamas and off the coast of florida. and moving up the eastern coast of the united states. and so when we think about the actual forecast themselves, we found that the cone of uncertainty that we'd like to focus on over the years.

ready shrank in the general day 3, and they 5 errors, a decrease, but it's become a pretty evident now that even other factors that mean possibly related to climate change by the steering flow in the slowing of storms, where they approach the coastline of north america. also make it more difficult to forecast is to communicate with the hazards might be particularly related to inland flooding was multiple, do not associate with tropical cycle. so we started talking about the impact of course, but we've also got to talk about what more can be done to prevent these disasters from becoming so frequent and intent. hurricane e, and could be one of the most expensive ones. as you heard from martin, an early estimate put the cost of damage at up to $47000000000.00 for florida alone . economy is say, funding to combat climate change is facing a 2 front battle mitigation and adaptation. the u. s. military injecting cash into adopting hardware and infrastructure to cope with extreme weather after various

bases were damaged by hurricanes. the pentagon budget just for climate is $3100000000.00. the international monetary fund recommends a tax on coal oil products, natural gas that so lower the amount being pumped into the atmosphere. it also consternation is to adapt infrastructure to better prepare for severe weather. the world bank delivered a record $31700000000.00 system to address global climate change, mostly to developing nations, just under half of that will be spent on adapting infrastructure. so let me come to you. far hard in islamabad. they are, of course, ways to reduce the widespread destruction the storms leave in their wake. how do we better prepare in your view for these intense storms, intense weather events in the future? how do we reduce the damage and the loss? yes. so fully, the 1st thing is that since also the other speakers have, have said that that we found the fingerprints of climate change already. so

is that setting is not foreign to this part of the world in pakistan. but the problem is that because of climate change, because of wal mart temperatures, we're not having these events more frequent and also the intensity of, of those, the face that they are crossing the red limit of the, you know, in place. and my years people are equipment i far, far for 100 years. so another problem is that going to leave you at $1.00 degrees centigrade warmer than the previous year. so i would say the 1st thing is that the one should come together and decide that be we need to reduce the emission so as to the temperature to $1.00 degrees centigrade according to the better segment limit. so anything beyond, for a country like focused on every $10.00 to $4.00 degree matters at the moment,

because now we have quantitative assessment of the, of the role of climate in excess of bidding and the intensity of these hazards. so the 1st thing i would say is to contain the greenhouse gas emissions. and the other thing is to, of course, provide necesary assistance for the, for the countries like buckets on because the contribution of august on in the greenhouse gas emissions at the present level is less than one percent. right. and if you consider the historical emissions starting from 2 centuries ago, so the contribution falls to point 3 percent. so this is a big issue of climate justice. so the countries like august on and there are also the countries where contributed literally nothing to the greenhouse gas emissions, the level we are going to going to leave currently witnessing. but on the other hand, those are the ones who are the forefront would be getting the brunt of climate change,

especially if you look within pakistan. so of course the people who are associated with agriculture, they have nothing to contribute. they don't have strong houses, available houses that can face the purity of the nature in terms of these extreme events. so they are the ones at the front lines. so there's a huge problem of climate. and just this, not only at the global scale, but also the social justice within the country as well. so market nationally goes to sion. right, let's bring in martin we, we hear you. and that's, it's very interesting what you say martin had just said they would these extreme weather events like the soup of france in pakistan. it is countries that contribute less to the carbon emissions that are the worst effected. what can be done for these countries and who pays the price for climate? reparations. yeah, was very clearly dose countries and especially the poor people in those countries

are currently paying the highest price. and it's unfair because they have contributed the least to the problem. so i think that is an ethical issue in front of world leaders at the moment. they were meeting recently at the united nations general assembly and will be meeting again at cop 27 and e in, in egypt and early november in a very practical sense. the recipes and the very simple, the intergovernmental panel on climate change has assessed all the world's evidence, and it's concluded that we are already seeing aggravated humanitarian disasters. new to climate change today, and all the examples that we've been discussing show that they are also very clear, as i've mentioned, that every tend to the degree will add to that burden. so, and we are reaching limits to adaptation already today and will reach more and more as the temperature rise continue. so it's critical that we reduce emissions as quickly as we can. but at the same time, as i mentioned, the damage is to some extent already there in terms of the emissions that we've done in the past. so we need to adapt to the climate that has already changed and

that will get more challenging, especially in these most probable countries. so we need to see increasing investment to help especially these, these most desperate places to prepare for model. martin, when you have other issues like governance and poverty and the corona virus pandemic, it becomes difficult for climate action plans to work because government, especially in these low and middle income countries, have other priorities. so how do you bridge that gap and, you know, there's a big difference i understand in the money, in between the money being spent right now to prevent climate change and you know, the one in terms of adaptation and so on. so how do you bridge that gap? well that's, that is a big challenge, you know, and even our human italian support in the aftermath of disasters is under heavy strain. we're not reaching all the people that are in need of help. and we're struggling to, to, to cope with the,

the rising toll of all these events around the world. so that in itself is already a challenge. but only response is also not going to be enough. and we found out in humanitarian world also that just responding more and more isn't going to do it. our estimates are that by 2050 we could see a doubling off the funding needed to help people in need, again, dependent on the climate scenario. but also how we prepare, and i think that is the key message. it is going to be cheaper and more effective to, to, to provide some of the funding in advance. and it isn't the challenging in places that are already poor to face so many constraints at the same time. and in fact, with corporate, for instance, we're seeing the double whammy of people having been left very poor after cove it and then struggling even harder to cope with the shocks that are now coming to them from the claimant's right. but many of the solutions that are needed aren't super expensive. i mean, the early warning systems that i mentioned that have been so effective and the dish they require planning in advance. they require collaboration between major logical

service and in that case the budget issue. but present to make sure that the, the warnings for such a major storm, which is we heard before happen getting so much better recent decades that are communicating effectively to those local people. and those local people know what to do and need to have shelters in place that they can go to. but all of that is a little bit of infrastructure investment. it's a lot of capacity investment. so yes, we do need a lot of funding, particularly also to cope with the impacts we're already seeing. but it's also putting it to the best use and it is often in those local communities. bradford from a major article perspective, how can we better prepare for these extreme weather events because of climate change? i like to actually talk briefly about what were you just just mentioning. i mean that it's not just a state sponsored fiscal issue that we're dealing with. the infrastructure, we're also particularly western nations. it is, but it is imperative that private sector companies effectively company engine

toward this because private sector and, and in the markets dictate so much of what goes on in regards to investments in, in these parts of the world. it really is going to be up to me around just a science is 5 massages to understanding what their actual. ready desires are, and for the most part is we actually is the satisfaction of their shareholders. so they're not for the most part, want to do it our time is of their heart. but we have in the sand and able to understand what the value proposition is for these companies and how their operations could become more profitable and abuse. ready under a renewable, less invasive use of the world's resources resulted in b, minimization greenhouse gas emissions as meteorologist in. ready sciences moving forward, i think we have a increasing competence and particularly when you read the ip c, c,

reports of what the impacts of climate climate change are. unfortunately, where we are right now, in more than likely on average, will probably be the coolest year for the rest of our lives. however, that does not mean it has to be beginning of a era of destructiveness, as long as we understand. and we're communicating not only with our local governments and state governments and. ready national international levels, but also those companies and communities and shareholders and those disadvantage and under represented communities, organic bear the brunt of the actual impacts of these domes for had in islamic bad . so what actions can be practically considered not just by government, by and authorities, but by also, you know, people to, to scale up and reduce to risk of these climate change related disasters. yes. so before coming to your question fully so i will just take a few seconds to say that it's not only about the climate finance,

but along with that we also look forward from developed countries to, to support the transfer of technology. so tennis because we're talking about the full cost of the of project stream events. so climate change is surprising us every year, almost. and the state of the art will reject climate models. they do not perform run over this part of the world just because that those models are developed in the global not. so we also need some kind of support in developing of the development of such tools, which are also good during which to get you connected to speak of this region as well, the mountain region, and as well as the capacity building support. so that is also very important, not coming to your question that of course, but you're going to like, i guess they need to put their house in order as well. so the local governments are

non existent and bugging. so, and you can imagine that if you do not have a local governments and you face a tech and amity, you're definitely going to struggle. and also the institutional arraignment is very important. and we also need to learn from other countries from other countries of the region, how to cope with these kind of a disaster. one wants to happen. so there's a lot to be done and it's very important time for a country like pakistan to start a grant, a bit around climate change. because unfortunately for developing countries, lambert kent doesn't come by the top of the agenda. the political agenda. we have many other problems. so just to put the things in perspective focused on export per year is almost $30000000000.00 and estimated economic damages from this flooding. only. i'm not talking about the heat but only because of the flooding. estimated to be over $30000000000.00. so

a couple of weeks back august on meaning before i e m f for 1170000000 below beckett. so you can imagine that for, for example the, the how to get in florida. it's the absolute terms. it is much higher your, your number 100000000000, but front of going to like bargain on which is already struggling. the size of the economy is very small. so this is a huge impact. right? because of this, this flooding. ok. so definitely it's a local phenomena and we need to bring the world on the, on the table and my fellows be going to set that up. and if i one is going to be ready, but it needs a global collaboration. thank you very much gentlemen. for a very interesting discussion, bradford johnson, martin van r, stand for hard, so he'd thank you very much for joining us. and thank you for watching. you can always watch this program again anytime by visiting our website at all, just 0 dot com for further discussion. go to our facebook page at facebook dot com

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