related to cognitive function, some of these genes may be related to our immune response, their genes that we've evolved with. and that makes us unique. what he was able to show at a genetic level, at the level of the dna code. more information about how we moved and came out of africa. so meandra false. we're living in europe over a half a 1000000 years ago. we, homo sapiens, came out of africa about 75000 years ago. and when we came out of africa, we mixed with neanderthals. in the middle east, and we picked up some of the genetic code from neanderthals when we had offspring from mixing with niana. so we now know that we, homo sapiens, carry about one to 2 percent of dna from neanderthals. so we know that from his work, american reality tv star came coordination has agreed to pay a fine of more than $1200000.00, the advertising

a crypto currency on her social media profile. the u. s. securities and exchange commission said that she had failed to disclose. she was being paid a quarter of a $1000000.00, the advertising emacs tokens. she also agreed not to promote crypto asset securities, the 3 years ah, this is al 0. here are your headlines. the lower house of russia's parliament has approved moscow's claimed annexation of 4 regions in ukraine. the laws formerly incorporate the regions of her son done yet go hands ken's upper region into the russian federation. as follows referendums in these areas just over a week ago when moscow said people voted overwhelmingly to join the russian federation. iran supreme leader has spoken for the 1st time since mass demonstrations spread across the country, ayatollah ali harmony says that he feels heart broken by the death of masa mimi.

but he criticized what he called plan to protest this corner. she blames the u. s. in israel, for the biggest protests, iran has witnessed in years 22 year old army died after she was detained by the morality police for violating headscarf rules in extra charge that around it is either this right has been planned. if the death of this young girl did not happen, they would have found another pretext to create chaos in the country and home the country security plan that i explicitly say was the us line, his regime at their mercenaries, like betray iranians, outside the country. on the british pound has regained some value against the us dollar after the government reversed the major tax cut. the announcement of millions of dollars of unfunded tax cuts and financial markets into a spin last week with the pound reaching record lows against the dollar. the killing of 2 palestinians during a raid by his really forces has sparked outrage in the occupied west bank. 16 other palestinians were arrested overnight. raids were carried out in the jealous zone.

refugee camp north of ramallah. israel says its soldiers opened fire after palestinians tripe, the ram them with their car. the president of indonesia is arena football club says he's ready to take full responsibility. after a 125 people were killed in a stampede following a match on saturday. 17 children are among the dead. indonesia, security ministers as an independent team will investigate what happened. those are headlines on houses. the or the news continues right? year after inside story, stay with ah, what is the japanese prime minister's military strategy? julio casita says that his government will create a new national security strategy,

and he's pledged more spending on defense capabilities. but what's his intention? and would it look, this is inside store. ah ah. hello, welcome to the program. i'm adrian finnegan. japan is scrambling to boost its military strengths to counter what took care sees as rising threats from china in his national address on monday, prime minister for mucous shita emphasized his goal to bolster the military over the next 5 years. but with the weekend, he struggling to find the finances to do it. his predecessor, sions, obey focused heavily on shoring up reserves. but shita has low approval ratings of needs to regain the trust of the public to fulfill his governments key policies.

unique boy, if you look in an integrated and strong manner, we will consider the content of high defense capabilities, which will be necessary for the drastic functioning of our defense capabilities within 5 years. as well as grasp the faith of the budget and secure financial resources for that purpose, we will draw conclusions during the budgeting process. by the end of this year, we will formulate a new national security strategy, which we have been discussing. along with china, the threat from nearby north korea remains a talk concern for japan. for the 1st time pyongyang launched for rockets in one week. something japan's vice defense minister says is unacceptable. does your favor go? does he hate digger up since the beginning of this year? north korea has repeatedly launched missiles with unprecedented frequency and new new ways, including provocation escalating launches, such as launching ballistic missiles, 4 times in quick successions. in the past week alone, north korea's actions threatened the peace and safety, not only for japan,

but also the region. and the international community and are absolutely impermissible. but again, what plans, goal of military expansion is both expensive and controversial. the defense ministry requested more than $43000000000.00 for the 2023 fiscal year. that's the highest budget request in history, and more than one percent of the countries g d p. the plan also includes introducing preemptive strike capabilities and plans to further promote nuclear energy. critics say this could violate the countries pacifist constitution and raises safety concerns stemming from the 2011 fukushima nuclear disaster. japan doesn't plan on growing, it's military alone. is she? the city hopes to maintain dialogue with china while working with the u. s. and other allies to promote indo pacific security. ah, either as much to discuss with our guests for today's program that's bring them in

from chicago to georgia tech a. she's a professor at the university of she's worker in tokyo. we've got to craig, mark a professor at the faculty of international studies, so carrots, so women's university gentlemen. welcome to the program, sir. let's start with you. just how controversial are japan's military spending plans for the next year. okay, we've heard a lot about this. $43000000000.00 figure the highest ever just over one percent of g d p. but but hang on previous administrations have tended to keep defense spending around the one percent g d p. mark. what's, what's so remarkable about this budget? well, you know, one percent had been what one will call the defense line for many people acceptance that line. and this was thought to be aligned that shouldn't be crossed out. but you know, with this very strong regression that we're getting from china. ah, and also are from north korea is record, which in my opinion is richie china. ah,

as there were increased big data is actually, you know, china and seeing what's happening in europe as well. i think it's very, very clear on, along with the fact that during the days of trump, ah, you know, there's been a lot of, i should say, awareness about, you know, increasing as defense spending. so i wouldn't be surprised if it goes well easily beyond one percent are certainly targeting the 2 percent line, which is the request of the previous present by the united states. craig, do you agree with that? will japan's defense spending increase to around 2 percent of g d. p in the coming is why does the prime minister and his party think it's so important for them to do so? well, as has been said, is they very much aware of the potential instability in the region with the rising power of china. the potential threat from north korea. and of course,

the divisions with russia since the cry war. and there's been discussions within the liberal democratic party within the various policy committees of raising it to 2 percent, possibly by the end of the decade. so this incremental increase in defense spending, which has been happening every year since the administration returned to power in 2012. that trained to just is going to keep on accelerating. and if japan does reach to percent of gd paid, that'll make it the 3rd largest military spend in the world after the us in china. currently it's rated about it's spinning around $50000000000.00 us per year. so that will be a radical departure. and also, as mentioned in the intro, the capabilities of the defense forces ago to change the counter strike

capability, extending the range of missiles. so they could potentially be used to as the defense forces, side deter, attacks on japan of over a 1000 kilometer ranges. the re restructured the self defense forces to have more deployments in the south. in these islands of south of okinawa, which confronts the scene cock islands, claimed by china as the di wilds, and increasing a whole range of capabilities in cyber warfare by slight systems. all these very radical changes, which i got to come about through the rest of this, said jerry, the picking up from what gray was saying that it is perhaps understandable that japan would need a strong to terrance. but why would it need counter strike capabilities? and at is that not at odds with the countries pacifist constitution more,

the meaning of the pacifist constitution has been altered as you know. and now we are at a point where we can and will defend, for example, our allied forces. so that has been rectified. and also i think many people are starting to realize that, you know, by keeping the 9th amendment in which is our peace keeping bible. ah, that doesn't mean that you know, all foreign or. ringback forces will be sting out. on the contrary, it's totally the other way around, as you saw very recently in action by north korea, the more you left leave them alone, you know, the more they want to be appearing on the stage. now they've been throwing over 28 missiles, i think last year, end of this year, already a very record breaking number basically to attract attention and also having china

as their backbone. they do not have to worry about sanctions because we talk about sanctions, north korea, but you know, the fact of the matter is 90 percent of the trade is done with china. so, you know, the sanction by other countries aren't really going to hurt in an or korea and having this big world again, many between united states and china and japan clearly siding with the united states, especially during the days of you know, mr. army ah, it's very, very clear that you know, on north koreans are virtually, you know, able to be the bad boy of the region affects the backup of china. so, you know, these issues are starting to gradually thinking to many of the japanese and i think for that reason and they'll be very clear back up. that said course it is under the assumption that economic situation will be stable. and that is a big question yet, which we're going to come on to the economic situation in it. but a little while since you're the 1st craig of japan as new defense minister settle

monday. the international community is quote, entering a new era of crisis. and that japan needed to be adequately ready to counter this. i mean, what, what did he mean? who or what does japan see as the main threats to its security right now? well, as been mentioned, north korea is obviously a direct threat would. it's miss all testing and the even room is going around in the south tray and media that maybe they might conduct or not underground nuclear test and the next couple of weeks. and that would definitely focus the attention on the potential threat of north korea. but of course, china is the main hedge, a monic challenger. and of course, just very recently in august we had the taiwan straits crisis where the response to the visit by how speaking nancy pelosi, the chinese military was the largest scale military exercises around the world of

taiwan. and it is a space in china itself, tested listing miss all some of which landed in the economic exclusion. joan of japan near the scene capital islands. so that is the biggest long term threat which japan is considering as well as russia in the white of the ukraine was the prime minister. kesha has strongly condemned russians, illegal invasion. and japan is actually given the 1000000000 dollars in age and funding financial support as well. as normally for military equipment, he cried. so those are the main threats which are being used to justify this radical restructure of the self defense forces. and this huge increase long term into the budget and that will require greater cooperation with japan,

security partners. and of course, includes the united states, which still has the largest basing of troops and military forces outside of the united states in the bases that it has throughout japan, mostly in canada. but so very interestingly, japan is increasing security cooperation with other countries, australia, in particular, the beginning of this year, the reciprocal access agreement was assigned. and that means it's traveling forces . japanese forces will operate much more closely together. and just the last weekend, there was a meeting of the trilateral security strategic dollar defense ministers in hawaii. and they both are committed to a shade strategy in the pacific region. much more close the trilateral military exercises. and even in the philippines, self defense forces of the joins the south korea, philippine and american forces. and also very importantly, south korea. there was

a trilateral exercise between the united states, south korea, and the japanese maritime self defense forces. so all these things are concurrently happening to increase these trains of greater japanese activity by the self defense forces. all right, so gera, i've a feeling, i know the answer. having listened to what greg was just saying that about china's increasing assertiveness and the threat from north korea and everything else that he was saying. there's no doubt in your mind than the japan is not using what it perceives as a regional and global threat as the current regional and global threats as an excuse just an excuse to bolster its military capabilities. it is actually pursuing a perfectly reasonable set of defense policies, given the deteriorating security environment in the, in the pacific region. it's basically a geopolitical matter. and i think japan is excessively neutral in many sense,

partly because the domestic, you know, policy accessing concern. but you know, i think it's very, very clear now that especially as craig was mentioning the forming of quad and also use japan bilateral agreements. and also with south korea, it's very, very clear that you know, japan will be citing by a, the united states in the free world. if you look at the trade side, that's also very, very clear. in fact, they're very closely correlated, especially with the supply chain. the global supply chain problem that we're all facing right now, which is, in fact, a very big reason for this, you know, inflation that real facing. we basically have to go for security rather than just the effectiveness. and that is causing a very big cost. partly, we have to truncate china for many of our supply chain. we're moving from in adjusting time, jackie into g i. c, which is just in case as we saw. and that would be needed during, you know,

especially days of pandemic. and the success of inclination or relies to china is a very dangerous thing. ah, so many countries have basically clarified. japan included, you know, which side they should stick on. and japan certainly is one of them. and, you know, the military issue in japan has very close correlation with geopolitical issue and of course, economic issues in vol. craig, we talked about japan's pacifist constitution that, that the defense agreement with, with australia or among other neighbors. i mean what, what does this all mean? for japan's relations with it's the regional neighbors. i mean, i'd also it, it's, it's overseas analyze the u. s. in particular, can japan no longer rely on the us to defend it? well, the experience of the trumpet administration was

a big shock for allies like japan and australia. so, and does this have to be a part of the background thinking of why japan is increasing its own self defense forces and why it's reaching out to other partners like las dryly but also india in the quad. although this concerns about india still remaining fairly close to russia, but especially in se, asia, there's been a big push by japan to increase its foreign aid into the as the and countries and in investments. particularly with countries like indonesia, but also increasing security cooperation with the philippines. we get non the coast guard, the japanese coast got a particular does lots of training in the supply vessels and shipping to vietnam in the philippines. but also with other countries in the region. and so that has been

a big focus on japan to try and balance against what's seen as the rising competition of china. but of course, charter is the largest trading partner still of japan and japan has been concerned about the ongoing lock downs in this slowing of the chinese economy. and so in his speech to date promised the case, it did say that japan does wants to maintain stable relations with china. the 50th anniversary of the restoration of diplomatic relations between japan and people's republic of china. and one, the hope that japan has is that the chinese tourists will was that was the big focus of promised acacia is space today this month. the coded restrictions that have been put in place will be abolished and they are hoping to restore numbers of

tourism 2 to 4 pre kinds of levels very quickly. and the chinese market was very important for that. so that's going to be a big concern for kesha that can he keep a stable relationship with china, and can he use that relationship to help rebuild the economy? as jeris, craig was saying the speech was known about defense on monday. what did you make of of the speech? perhaps more importantly, what will the public have made of it? he said that his number one priority was to revitalize the economy. and you and i've been talking on television for a very long time about about the japanese economy. how many prime ministers before him have said that, can it be done or his policies, the right ones to do it? well it be pretty difficult on the reason for it being is that he does have what we call the golden 3 years. in other words, he doesn't have any obstacles such as the elections for next 3 years. so he could

basically touch on structural transition. the sure, but i am not sure if he can actually do that. of course, you know, he can talk about, as craig was saying about trying to increase the inbound tourism maybe increase 5 trillion yen or so. but right now we have a very big headache right in front of us, which is inflation or fear are still compared to us, which is about 8 percent. you're more than that. japan is only 2 percent. so you can see that it really isn't here yet. and the reason for this is in japan is cost push inflation, not like demand cool inflation, like in the united states. so it doesn't seem serious but considering the weakness yet, this will hurt the japanese economy big time. until now we can again, was a good news for japanese big exporters, so a flourish in all the system as a whole. and that was one big success by mister ave, on his 1st arrow. but considering the fact that you know this excessive move in

this quick acceleration, the n is acceleration of the dollar. i'm sorry weakness the n is going to hurt. you know, our japan in various ways. ah, it could hinder many of the plans that he was talking about today, which is particularly economics and also into some of the political geo domestic political issues. i can of cation church issue. but on the fact of the matter is, is that many people tend to think that you know, all, we can go on forever as we may have all the funds because we have the big daddy, gold banker, japan. but you know, let's face that package man has been buying back our j t. b japan govern bond over a 170 trillion yen in the past 2 years and their current kind of swell to almost 600 trillion yet. now as we see one percent increase in our interest rate in order to fight off this week in the year, you know, their payoff is going to be well over 5 trillion that wipes out. you know, his stories about an inbound benefit that's going to come out. and moreover,

the net worth of bank pad is only tension in. so i have been saying and i will say it again. baggage, man, do not have the deep pocket. like many people think. so this is a very important part of our economic plans going forward. as the baggage passed, ability isn't as stable as many people want it to be. so there are lots of problem ahead for mr. shita. and to basically, you know, conduct his, his, his, in how many as by he hasn't got to do concrete measures. you know, there will be a lot of obstacles, i think ahead for him, especially during this term. well, we're seeing externally. craig was monday speech enough to restore public faith in the prime minister's government. there was a pole in the asahi newspaper on monday that showed disapproval for kiddos administration was as high as 50 percent of his government recover from something

like that. what's done more damage to the prime minister inflation of the week in the state of the economy that this year was talking about then, or his parties links to the unification church. the controversy of a sions obeys funeral. i think the unification church revelations in the white gibsons are by assassination. and the funeral itself has seen the big drop in the critical writing for the progress the case. it is government people already a bit concerned about inflation even before the july election, which saw the ruling party fairly comfortably returned. but the revelations of the unification church links to at least half of the diet members in the l. d. p . that has been a huge shock and it has really reverberated throughout the media and political environment of japan. so, and that's why mr. kesha that today,

he didn't mention that was that he just said he was aware of the problems that had occurred. and he was made some mention of maybe tinkering with consumer protection laws to try and cock with to make sure that people get ripped off by unification, church and fugette. and he will be hoping that with least number 3 years to go before the next law house election that will blow box the opposition parties relatively weak is they will still keep pushing on this issue. and that is probably get a dog, mr. case for quite some period of time to come, and potentially the approval ratings remain low and the of the economic challenges don't come about. given all the structural challenges, then mr. king should have could find himself confronted by rivals even before water

. the next election? 2025. yes sir. i've got about a minute left on the, on the program. just want to want to want to pick on that. i mean, i know you said he's got this, this, this 3 years, but i mean, can he tell his, his government's fortunes around that time? well, i think a lot of the bull is in the corporate sides. you know, for example, he's talking about changing live long employment here, decision to meritocracy, which i think is a very destructive transition. japan needs and basically will increase the wage overall. but you know, the question is, can the japanese government will propel the corporations, do that? i me, in days of mr. ave, is the corporation that really didn't make the move? so, you know, we're speaking him ability in ability by japanese corporation will be ask or not only the government i think would be tweeting about the government far too much. we should realized that the ball is definitely in the court of the corporations, especially this time around gentlemen, that we must end at many thanks. indeed for being with us agenda took

a sheet up and craig mock. i'm thank you for watching. don't forget, you can see the program again at any time just by going to the website at our 0 dot com. for further discussion join us allow facebook page. you'll find that at facebook dot com forward slash ha inside story. and you can join the conversation on twitter or handle at ha, inside story from me, adrian finnegan and the whole team here, thanks for being with us. we'll see again, my phone. ah ah. october on al jazeera campaigning for nigerian elections begins as candidates via

for votes and what is set to be a decisive and close race. emmy award winning folk lines returns with an exclusive investigation into a legacy cover ups by the us border patrol. china holds its national congress of communist party members with president g likely to be re elected as its head. what does this mean for china and the world? only with dreams takes you beyond the glitz and glamour, revealing the stories of those seeking fame in 14, in the world's largest film industry, 60 years on from the cuban missile crisis. we asked what can be learned from events that lead the world to the brink of nuclear war. october on al jazeera, which site is winning chaos or control? what does the new forever proxy war mean for america and nato? as long as americans keep consuming, prices are going to keep going up. why didn't joe biden see inflation coming? how did we get so much raw? the quizzical look at us politics. the bottom line, indonesia,

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